Tick - Revision history

2601:204:C100:5EA0:B86E:A3C3:731E:8B1A at 17:48, 31 August 2024

2024-08-31T17:48:55Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:48, 31 August 2024
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	*[[Argasidae]] – soft ticks		*[[Argasidae]] – soft ticks
	*[[Nuttalliellidae]] – monotypic		*[[Nuttalliellidae]] – monotypic
	*†[[Deinocrotonidae]] – monotypic		*{{KIA}}[[Deinocrotonidae]] – monotypic
	*†[[Khimairidae]] – monotypic		*{{KIA}}[[Khimairidae]] – monotypic
	}}		}}

Hemiauchenia: /* Taxonomy and phylogeny */

2024-08-20T14:50:54Z

Taxonomy and phylogeny

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	}}\|style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%}}		}}\|style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%}}

	Fossilized ticks have been discovered from the end of the Early Cretaceous onwards, most commonly in amber. The oldest discovered tick fossils are an argasid bird tick from Late Cretaceous ([[Turonian]] ~94-90 million years ago) aged [[New Jersey amber]],<ref name="KlompenGrimaldi" /> and various ticks found in [[Burmese amber]], including ''[[Khimaira fossus\|Khimaira]]'' and ''[[Deinocroton]]'', ~~which~~ do ~~not~~ ~~belong~~ to ~~any~~ ~~living~~ ~~family~~ of tick, ~~and~~ members of the living ixodid genera ''[[Amblyomma]]'', ''[[Ixodes]]'', ''[[Haemaphysalis]], [[Bothriocroton]]'' and ''[[Archaeocroton]]'' dating the earliest [[Cenomanian]] stage of the Late Cretaceous, around {{Ma\|99}}.<ref name="PeñalverArillo2017">{{cite journal\|vauthors=Peñalver E, Arillo A, Delclòs X, Peris D, Grimaldi DA, Anderson SR, Nascimbene PC, Pérez-de la Fuente R\|date=December 2017\|title=Ticks parasitised feathered dinosaurs as revealed by Cretaceous amber assemblages\|journal=Nature Communications\|volume=8\|issue=1\|pages=1924\|bibcode=2017NatCo...8.1924P\|doi=10.1038/s41467-017-01550-z\|pmc=5727220\|pmid=29233973}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Chitimia-Dobler \|first1=Lidia \|last2=Mans \|first2=Ben J. \|last3=Handschuh \|first3=Stephan \|last4=Dunlop \|first4=Jason A. \|date=n.d. \|title=A remarkable assemblage of ticks from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber \|journal=Parasitology \|volume=149 \|issue=6 \|language=en \|pages=820–830 \|doi=10.1017/S0031182022000269\|pmid=35241194 \|pmc=10090602 \|s2cid=247227499 \|issn=0031-1820\|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Chitimia-Dobler \|first1=Lidia \|last2=Dunlop \|first2=Jason A. \|last3=Pfeffer \|first3=Timo \|last4=Würzinger \|first4=Felix \|last5=Handschuh \|first5=Stephan \|last6=Mans \|first6=Ben J. \|date=February 2023 \|title=Hard ticks in Burmese amber with Australasian affinities \|journal=Parasitology \|language=en \|volume=150 \|issue=2 \|pages=157–171 \|doi=10.1017/S0031182022001585 \|issn=0031-1820 \|pmc=10090639 \|pmid=36341553}}</ref> An undescribed juvenile tick is known from late [[Albian]] [[amber]], dating to 105 million years ago.<ref name="PeñalverArillo2017" /> The younger [[Baltic amber\|Baltic]] and [[Dominican amber]]s have also yielded examples that can be placed in living genera.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Dunlop JA, Apanaskevich DA, Lehmann J, Hoffmann R, Fusseis F, Ehlke M, Zachow S, Xiao X \| title = Microtomography of the Baltic amber tick Ixodes succineus reveals affinities with the modern Asian disease vector Ixodes ovatus \| journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology \| volume = 16 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 203 \| date = October 2016 \| pmid = 27724841 \| pmc = 5057450 \| doi = 10.1186/s12862-016-0777-y \| doi-access = free \| bibcode = 2016BMCEE..16..203D }}</ref> A phylogenetic analysis suggests that the last common ancestor of all living ticks likely lived around 195 million years ago in the Southern Hemisphere, in what was then Gondwana.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last1=Beati\|first1=Lorenza\|last2=Klompen\|first2=Hans\|date=2019-01-07\|title=Phylogeography of Ticks (Acari: Ixodida)\|url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043027\|journal=Annual Review of Entomology\|language=en\|volume=64\|issue=1\|pages=379–397\|doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043027\|pmid=30354695\|s2cid=53023797\|issn=0066-4170}}</ref>		Fossilized ticks have been discovered from the end of the Early Cretaceous onwards, most commonly in amber. The oldest discovered tick fossils are an argasid bird tick from Late Cretaceous ([[Turonian]] ~94-90 million years ago) aged [[New Jersey amber]],<ref name="KlompenGrimaldi" /> and various ticks found in [[Burmese amber]], including ''[[Khimaira fossus\|Khimaira]]'' which does not belong to any living family of tick, the living genus ''[[Nuttalliella]]'' and the possible [[Nuttalliellidae\|nuttalliellid]] genera ''[[Deinocroton]]'' and ''[[Legionaris]],''<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal \|last=Chitimia-Dobler \|first=Lidia \|last2=Handschuh \|first2=Stephan \|last3=Dunlop \|first3=Jason A. \|last4=Pienaar \|first4=Ronel \|last5=Mans \|first5=Ben J. \|date=2024-04-16 \|title=Nuttalliellidae in Burmese amber: implications for tick evolution \|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0031182024000477/type/journal_article \|journal=Parasitology \|language=en \|pages=1–17 \|doi=10.1017/S0031182024000477 \|issn=0031-1820 \|doi-access=free}}</ref> as well as the members of the living ixodid genera ''[[Amblyomma]]'', ''[[Ixodes]]'', ''[[Haemaphysalis]], [[Bothriocroton]]'' and ''[[Archaeocroton]]'' dating the earliest [[Cenomanian]] stage of the Late Cretaceous, around {{Ma\|99}}.<ref name="PeñalverArillo2017">{{cite journal\|vauthors=Peñalver E, Arillo A, Delclòs X, Peris D, Grimaldi DA, Anderson SR, Nascimbene PC, Pérez-de la Fuente R\|date=December 2017\|title=Ticks parasitised feathered dinosaurs as revealed by Cretaceous amber assemblages\|journal=Nature Communications\|volume=8\|issue=1\|pages=1924\|bibcode=2017NatCo...8.1924P\|doi=10.1038/s41467-017-01550-z\|pmc=5727220\|pmid=29233973}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Chitimia-Dobler \|first1=Lidia \|last2=Mans \|first2=Ben J. \|last3=Handschuh \|first3=Stephan \|last4=Dunlop \|first4=Jason A. \|date=n.d. \|title=A remarkable assemblage of ticks from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber \|journal=Parasitology \|volume=149 \|issue=6 \|language=en \|pages=820–830 \|doi=10.1017/S0031182022000269\|pmid=35241194 \|pmc=10090602 \|s2cid=247227499 \|issn=0031-1820\|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Chitimia-Dobler \|first1=Lidia \|last2=Dunlop \|first2=Jason A. \|last3=Pfeffer \|first3=Timo \|last4=Würzinger \|first4=Felix \|last5=Handschuh \|first5=Stephan \|last6=Mans \|first6=Ben J. \|date=February 2023 \|title=Hard ticks in Burmese amber with Australasian affinities \|journal=Parasitology \|language=en \|volume=150 \|issue=2 \|pages=157–171 \|doi=10.1017/S0031182022001585 \|issn=0031-1820 \|pmc=10090639 \|pmid=36341553}}</ref> An undescribed juvenile tick is known from late [[Albian]] [[amber]], dating to 105 million years ago.<ref name="PeñalverArillo2017" /> The younger [[Baltic amber\|Baltic]] and [[Dominican amber]]s have also yielded examples that can be placed in living genera.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Dunlop JA, Apanaskevich DA, Lehmann J, Hoffmann R, Fusseis F, Ehlke M, Zachow S, Xiao X \| title = Microtomography of the Baltic amber tick Ixodes succineus reveals affinities with the modern Asian disease vector Ixodes ovatus \| journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology \| volume = 16 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 203 \| date = October 2016 \| pmid = 27724841 \| pmc = 5057450 \| doi = 10.1186/s12862-016-0777-y \| doi-access = free \| bibcode = 2016BMCEE..16..203D }}</ref> A phylogenetic analysis suggests that the last common ancestor of all living ticks likely lived around 195 million years ago in the Southern Hemisphere, in what was then Gondwana.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last1=Beati\|first1=Lorenza\|last2=Klompen\|first2=Hans\|date=2019-01-07\|title=Phylogeography of Ticks (Acari: Ixodida)\|url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043027\|journal=Annual Review of Entomology\|language=en\|volume=64\|issue=1\|pages=379–397\|doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043027\|pmid=30354695\|s2cid=53023797\|issn=0066-4170}}</ref>

	Ticks belong to three different families. The majority of tick species belong to the two families: Ixodidae (hard ticks) and Argasidae (soft ticks). The third living family is [[Nuttalliellidae]], named for the bacteriologist [[George Nuttall]]. It comprises a single species, ''Nuttalliella namaqua'',<ref name="list">[[#Guglielmone\|Guglielmone ''et al.'' (2010)]]</ref><ref>[[#Goddard\|Goddard (2008)]]: [https://books.google.com/books?id=f-huycwyEvwC&pg=PA80 p. 80]</ref> and as such is a [[monotypic taxon]]. ''Nuttalliella namaqua'' is found in southern Africa ranging from [[Tanzania]] to [[Namibia]] and [[South Africa]].<ref name="list" /><ref>[[#Keirans\|Keirans ''et al.'' (1976)]]</ref>		Ticks belong to three different families. The majority of tick species belong to the two families: Ixodidae (hard ticks) and Argasidae (soft ticks). The third living family is [[Nuttalliellidae]], named for the bacteriologist [[George Nuttall]]. It comprises a single species, ''Nuttalliella namaqua'',<ref name="list">[[#Guglielmone\|Guglielmone ''et al.'' (2010)]]</ref><ref>[[#Goddard\|Goddard (2008)]]: [https://books.google.com/books?id=f-huycwyEvwC&pg=PA80 p. 80]</ref> and as such is a [[monotypic taxon]]. ''Nuttalliella namaqua'' is found in southern Africa ranging from [[Tanzania]] to [[Namibia]] and [[South Africa]].<ref name="list" /><ref>[[#Keirans\|Keirans ''et al.'' (1976)]]</ref>

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (Hey man im josh - 20898

2024-08-17T04:40:02Z

Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (Hey man im josh - 20898

← Previous revision		Revision as of 04:40, 17 August 2024
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	====Nuttalliellidae====		====Nuttalliellidae====

	Nuttalliellidae can be distinguished from both ixodid and argasid ticks by a combination of a projecting gnathosoma and a soft leathery skin. Other distinguishing characteristics include the position of the [http://idtools.org/id/mites/invasive_mite/Invasive_Mite_Identification/key/Major_Mite_taxa/Media/Html/21_Peritremes.htm stigmata], the lack of setae, the strongly corrugated integument, and the form of the fenestrated plates.<ref>[[#Roshdy\|Roshdy ''et al.'' (1983)]]</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Long Lost Relative of Ticks Pops Up Again \| vauthors = Brouwers L \| url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/thoughtomics/a-long-lost-relative-of-ticks-pops-up-again/ \|newspaper=Scientific American \|date=30 August 2011 \|access-date=4 December 2016}}</ref>		Nuttalliellidae can be distinguished from both ixodid and argasid ticks by a combination of a projecting gnathosoma and a soft leathery skin. Other distinguishing characteristics include the position of the [http://idtools.org/id/mites/invasive_mite/Invasive_Mite_Identification/key/Major_Mite_taxa/Media/Html/21_Peritremes.htm stigmata]{{Dead link\|date=August 2024 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}, the lack of setae, the strongly corrugated integument, and the form of the fenestrated plates.<ref>[[#Roshdy\|Roshdy ''et al.'' (1983)]]</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Long Lost Relative of Ticks Pops Up Again \| vauthors = Brouwers L \| url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/thoughtomics/a-long-lost-relative-of-ticks-pops-up-again/ \|newspaper=Scientific American \|date=30 August 2011 \|access-date=4 December 2016}}</ref>

	===Diet and feeding===		===Diet and feeding===
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	* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Nuttall GH \|year=1905 \|title=Ticks and tick-transmitted diseases \|journal=Transactions of the Epidemiological Society of London \|volume=24 \|pages=12–26 \|pmid=29419268 \|pmc=5548484 \|url=https://archive.org/stream/transactionsepi25londgoog#page/n30/mode/2up \|ref=Nuttall }}		* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Nuttall GH \|year=1905 \|title=Ticks and tick-transmitted diseases \|journal=Transactions of the Epidemiological Society of London \|volume=24 \|pages=12–26 \|pmid=29419268 \|pmc=5548484 \|url=https://archive.org/stream/transactionsepi25londgoog#page/n30/mode/2up \|ref=Nuttall }}
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Roshdy MA, Hoogstraal H, Banaja AA, El Shoura SM \|title=''Nuttalliella namaqua'' (Ixodoidea: Nuttalliellidae): spiracle structure and surface morphology \|journal=Parasitology Research \|volume=69 \|issue=6 \|year=1983 \|doi=10.1007/BF00927431 \|pages=817–821 \|s2cid=33872322 \|ref=Roshdy}}		* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Roshdy MA, Hoogstraal H, Banaja AA, El Shoura SM \|title=''Nuttalliella namaqua'' (Ixodoidea: Nuttalliellidae): spiracle structure and surface morphology \|journal=Parasitology Research \|volume=69 \|issue=6 \|year=1983 \|doi=10.1007/BF00927431 \|pages=817–821 \|s2cid=33872322 \|ref=Roshdy}}
	* {{cite book \|vauthors=Sonenshine DE \|chapter=The biology of tick vectors of human disease \|veditors=Goodman JL, Dennis DT, Sonenshine DE \|title=Tick-borne Diseases of Humans \|publisher=[[ASM Press]] \|year=2005 \|isbn=978-1-55581-238-6 \|pages=12–36 \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKlUARLKT9IC&pg=PA12 \|ref=Sonenshine }}		* {{cite book \|vauthors=Sonenshine DE \|chapter=The biology of tick vectors of human disease \|veditors=Goodman JL, Dennis DT, Sonenshine DE \|title=Tick-borne Diseases of Humans \|publisher=[[ASM Press]] \|year=2005 \|isbn=978-1-55581-238-6 \|pages=12–36 \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKlUARLKT9IC&pg=PA12 \|ref=Sonenshine }}{{Dead link\|date=August 2024 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}
	* {{cite book \|vauthors=Wall R, Shearer D \|chapter=Ticks (Acari) \|title=Veterinary Ectoparasites: Biology, Pathology, and Control \|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] \|year=2001 \|isbn=978-0-632-05618-7 \|pages=55–82 \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMljlwB0ej0C&pg=PA55 \|ref=Wall }}		* {{cite book \|vauthors=Wall R, Shearer D \|chapter=Ticks (Acari) \|title=Veterinary Ectoparasites: Biology, Pathology, and Control \|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] \|year=2001 \|isbn=978-0-632-05618-7 \|pages=55–82 \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMljlwB0ej0C&pg=PA55 \|ref=Wall }}
	{{Refend}}		{{Refend}}

Joyous!: Reverted 1 edit by TeeNelTheSkibidi (talk) to last revision by Materialscientist

2024-08-06T00:50:43Z

Reverted 1 edit by TeeNelTheSkibidi (talk) to last revision by Materialscientist

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:50, 6 August 2024
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	}}		}}

	'''Ticks''' are parasitic [[arachnid]]s of the order '''Ixodida'''. They are part of the [[mite]] superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external [[parasite]]s, living by [[hematophagy\|feeding on the blood]] of ~~Grandpa Lees~~, ~~Kavetta~~, and ~~mostly~~ the ~~lee~~ ~~family~~ ~~but~~ ~~not~~ TJ ~~he’s~~ ~~cool~~		'''Ticks''' are parasitic [[arachnid]]s of the order '''Ixodida'''. They are part of the [[mite]] superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external [[parasite]]s, living by [[hematophagy\|feeding on the blood]] of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the [[Cretaceous]] period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.
	. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the [[Cretaceous]] period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.

	Ticks belong to two major families, the [[Ixodidae]] or hard ticks, and the [[Argasidae]], or soft ticks. ''[[Nuttalliella]],'' a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ticks. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their [[cephalothorax]] and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment.<ref>{{cite web\|last=<!--Not stated--> \|date=21 September 2020\|title=How ticks spread disease \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|language=en-us}}</ref>		Ticks belong to two major families, the [[Ixodidae]] or hard ticks, and the [[Argasidae]], or soft ticks. ''[[Nuttalliella]],'' a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ticks. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their [[cephalothorax]] and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment.<ref>{{cite web\|last=<!--Not stated--> \|date=21 September 2020\|title=How ticks spread disease \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|language=en-us}}</ref>

TeeNelTheSkibidi: Fixed a typo

2024-08-06T00:49:21Z

Fixed a typo

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:49, 6 August 2024
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	}}		}}

	'''Ticks''' are parasitic [[arachnid]]s of the order '''Ixodida'''. They are part of the [[mite]] superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external [[parasite]]s, living by [[hematophagy\|feeding on the blood]] of ~~mammals~~, ~~birds~~, and ~~sometimes~~ ~~reptiles~~ ~~and~~ ~~amphibians~~. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the [[Cretaceous]] period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.		'''Ticks''' are parasitic [[arachnid]]s of the order '''Ixodida'''. They are part of the [[mite]] superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external [[parasite]]s, living by [[hematophagy\|feeding on the blood]] of Grandpa Lees, Kavetta, and mostly the lee family but not TJ he’s cool
			. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the [[Cretaceous]] period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.

	Ticks belong to two major families, the [[Ixodidae]] or hard ticks, and the [[Argasidae]], or soft ticks. ''[[Nuttalliella]],'' a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ticks. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their [[cephalothorax]] and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment.<ref>{{cite web\|last=<!--Not stated--> \|date=21 September 2020\|title=How ticks spread disease \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|language=en-us}}</ref>		Ticks belong to two major families, the [[Ixodidae]] or hard ticks, and the [[Argasidae]], or soft ticks. ''[[Nuttalliella]],'' a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ticks. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their [[cephalothorax]] and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment.<ref>{{cite web\|last=<!--Not stated--> \|date=21 September 2020\|title=How ticks spread disease \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|language=en-us}}</ref>

Materialscientist: Reverted edits by 103.77.43.11 (talk): addition of unnecessary/inappropriate external links (HG) (3.4.12)

2024-08-03T05:04:49Z

Reverted edits by 103.77.43.11 (talk): addition of unnecessary/inappropriate external links (HG) (3.4.12)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:04, 3 August 2024
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	* {{Commons category-inline\|Ixodida}}		* {{Commons category-inline\|Ixodida}}
	* {{Wikibooks inline\|Parasitic_Insects,_Mites_and_Ticks:_Genera_of_Medical_and_Veterinary_Importance/Hard_ticks\|Parasitic Insects, Mites and Ticks: Genera of Medical and Veterinary Importance}}		* {{Wikibooks inline\|Parasitic_Insects,_Mites_and_Ticks:_Genera_of_Medical_and_Veterinary_Importance/Hard_ticks\|Parasitic Insects, Mites and Ticks: Genera of Medical and Veterinary Importance}}

	https://puparazzila.com/2024/08/03/how-to-tell-if-your-dog-has-a-tick-and-what-to-do-about-it/
	{{Arachnida}}		{{Arachnida}}
	{{Acari}}		{{Acari}}

103.77.43.11: /* External links */

2024-08-03T05:04:13Z

External links

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:04, 3 August 2024
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	* {{Commons category-inline\|Ixodida}}		* {{Commons category-inline\|Ixodida}}
	* {{Wikibooks inline\|Parasitic_Insects,_Mites_and_Ticks:_Genera_of_Medical_and_Veterinary_Importance/Hard_ticks\|Parasitic Insects, Mites and Ticks: Genera of Medical and Veterinary Importance}}		* {{Wikibooks inline\|Parasitic_Insects,_Mites_and_Ticks:_Genera_of_Medical_and_Veterinary_Importance/Hard_ticks\|Parasitic Insects, Mites and Ticks: Genera of Medical and Veterinary Importance}}
			https://puparazzila.com/2024/08/03/how-to-tell-if-your-dog-has-a-tick-and-what-to-do-about-it/

	{{Arachnida}}		{{Arachnida}}
	{{Acari}}		{{Acari}}

Jean-de-Nivelle: Undid revision 1230363552 by 2407:AA80:314:FF44:DDF7:C7C9:92F1:5AE4 (talk)

2024-06-22T10:46:14Z

Undid revision 1230363552 by 2407:AA80:314:FF44:DDF7:C7C9:92F1:5AE4 (talk)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 10:46, 22 June 2024
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	'''Ticks''' are parasitic [[arachnid]]s of the order '''Ixodida'''. They are part of the [[mite]] superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external [[parasite]]s, living by [[hematophagy\|feeding on the blood]] of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the [[Cretaceous]] period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.		'''Ticks''' are parasitic [[arachnid]]s of the order '''Ixodida'''. They are part of the [[mite]] superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external [[parasite]]s, living by [[hematophagy\|feeding on the blood]] of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the [[Cretaceous]] period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.

	Ticks belong to two major families, the [[Ixodidae]] or hard ticks, and the [[Argasidae]], or soft ticks. ''[[Nuttalliella]],'' a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ~~[https://~~ticks~~.hr/ tick]s~~. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their [[cephalothorax]] and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment.<ref>{{cite web\|last=<!--Not stated--> \|date=21 September 2020\|title=How ticks spread disease \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|language=en-us}}</ref>		Ticks belong to two major families, the [[Ixodidae]] or hard ticks, and the [[Argasidae]], or soft ticks. ''[[Nuttalliella]],'' a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ticks. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their [[cephalothorax]] and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment.<ref>{{cite web\|last=<!--Not stated--> \|date=21 September 2020\|title=How ticks spread disease \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|language=en-us}}</ref>

	Ticks have four stages to their life cycle, namely egg, [[larva]], [[nymph (biology)\|nymph]], and adult. Ticks belonging to the '''Ixodidae''' family undergo either a one-host, two-host, or three-host [[Biological life cycle\|life cycle]].<ref name="CDC - DPDx - Ticks">{{cite web\|date=23 January 2019\|title=Ticks\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/ticks/index.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=CDC - DPDx\|language=en-us}}</ref> Argasid ticks have up to seven nymphal stages ([[instar]]s), each one requiring blood ingestion, and as such, Argasid ticks undergo a multihost life cycle. Because of their hematophagous (blood-ingesting) diets, ticks act as [[vector (epidemiology)\|vectors]] of many serious diseases that affect humans and other animals.		Ticks have four stages to their life cycle, namely egg, [[larva]], [[nymph (biology)\|nymph]], and adult. Ticks belonging to the '''Ixodidae''' family undergo either a one-host, two-host, or three-host [[Biological life cycle\|life cycle]].<ref name="CDC - DPDx - Ticks">{{cite web\|date=23 January 2019\|title=Ticks\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/ticks/index.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=CDC - DPDx\|language=en-us}}</ref> Argasid ticks have up to seven nymphal stages ([[instar]]s), each one requiring blood ingestion, and as such, Argasid ticks undergo a multihost life cycle. Because of their hematophagous (blood-ingesting) diets, ticks act as [[vector (epidemiology)\|vectors]] of many serious diseases that affect humans and other animals.

2407:AA80:314:FF44:DDF7:C7C9:92F1:5AE4: nothing

2024-06-22T08:35:30Z

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 08:35, 22 June 2024
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	'''Ticks''' are parasitic [[arachnid]]s of the order '''Ixodida'''. They are part of the [[mite]] superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external [[parasite]]s, living by [[hematophagy\|feeding on the blood]] of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the [[Cretaceous]] period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.		'''Ticks''' are parasitic [[arachnid]]s of the order '''Ixodida'''. They are part of the [[mite]] superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external [[parasite]]s, living by [[hematophagy\|feeding on the blood]] of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the [[Cretaceous]] period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.

	Ticks belong to two major families, the [[Ixodidae]] or hard ticks, and the [[Argasidae]], or soft ticks. ''[[Nuttalliella]],'' a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ticks. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their [[cephalothorax]] and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment.<ref>{{cite web\|last=<!--Not stated--> \|date=21 September 2020\|title=How ticks spread disease \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|language=en-us}}</ref>		Ticks belong to two major families, the [[Ixodidae]] or hard ticks, and the [[Argasidae]], or soft ticks. ''[[Nuttalliella]],'' a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of [https://ticks.hr/ tick]s. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their [[cephalothorax]] and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment.<ref>{{cite web\|last=<!--Not stated--> \|date=21 September 2020\|title=How ticks spread disease \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|language=en-us}}</ref>

	Ticks have four stages to their life cycle, namely egg, [[larva]], [[nymph (biology)\|nymph]], and adult. Ticks belonging to the '''Ixodidae''' family undergo either a one-host, two-host, or three-host [[Biological life cycle\|life cycle]].<ref name="CDC - DPDx - Ticks">{{cite web\|date=23 January 2019\|title=Ticks\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/ticks/index.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=CDC - DPDx\|language=en-us}}</ref> Argasid ticks have up to seven nymphal stages ([[instar]]s), each one requiring blood ingestion, and as such, Argasid ticks undergo a multihost life cycle. Because of their hematophagous (blood-ingesting) diets, ticks act as [[vector (epidemiology)\|vectors]] of many serious diseases that affect humans and other animals.		Ticks have four stages to their life cycle, namely egg, [[larva]], [[nymph (biology)\|nymph]], and adult. Ticks belonging to the '''Ixodidae''' family undergo either a one-host, two-host, or three-host [[Biological life cycle\|life cycle]].<ref name="CDC - DPDx - Ticks">{{cite web\|date=23 January 2019\|title=Ticks\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/ticks/index.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=CDC - DPDx\|language=en-us}}</ref> Argasid ticks have up to seven nymphal stages ([[instar]]s), each one requiring blood ingestion, and as such, Argasid ticks undergo a multihost life cycle. Because of their hematophagous (blood-ingesting) diets, ticks act as [[vector (epidemiology)\|vectors]] of many serious diseases that affect humans and other animals.

Strebe at 17:08, 21 June 2024

2024-06-21T17:08:55Z

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:50, 20 August 2024
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	}}\|style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%}}		}}\|style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%}}

	Fossilized ticks have been discovered from the end of the Early Cretaceous onwards, most commonly in amber. The oldest discovered tick fossils are an argasid bird tick from Late Cretaceous ([[Turonian]] ~94-90 million years ago) aged [[New Jersey amber]],<ref name="KlompenGrimaldi" /> and various ticks found in [[Burmese amber]], including ''[[Khimaira fossus\|Khimaira]]'' and ''[[Deinocroton]]'', ~~which~~ do ~~not~~ ~~belong~~ to ~~any~~ ~~living~~ ~~family~~ of tick, ~~and~~ members of the living ixodid genera ''[[Amblyomma]]'', ''[[Ixodes]]'', ''[[Haemaphysalis]], [[Bothriocroton]]'' and ''[[Archaeocroton]]'' dating the earliest [[Cenomanian]] stage of the Late Cretaceous, around {{Ma\|99}}.<ref name="PeñalverArillo2017">{{cite journal\|vauthors=Peñalver E, Arillo A, Delclòs X, Peris D, Grimaldi DA, Anderson SR, Nascimbene PC, Pérez-de la Fuente R\|date=December 2017\|title=Ticks parasitised feathered dinosaurs as revealed by Cretaceous amber assemblages\|journal=Nature Communications\|volume=8\|issue=1\|pages=1924\|bibcode=2017NatCo...8.1924P\|doi=10.1038/s41467-017-01550-z\|pmc=5727220\|pmid=29233973}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Chitimia-Dobler \|first1=Lidia \|last2=Mans \|first2=Ben J. \|last3=Handschuh \|first3=Stephan \|last4=Dunlop \|first4=Jason A. \|date=n.d. \|title=A remarkable assemblage of ticks from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber \|journal=Parasitology \|volume=149 \|issue=6 \|language=en \|pages=820–830 \|doi=10.1017/S0031182022000269\|pmid=35241194 \|pmc=10090602 \|s2cid=247227499 \|issn=0031-1820\|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Chitimia-Dobler \|first1=Lidia \|last2=Dunlop \|first2=Jason A. \|last3=Pfeffer \|first3=Timo \|last4=Würzinger \|first4=Felix \|last5=Handschuh \|first5=Stephan \|last6=Mans \|first6=Ben J. \|date=February 2023 \|title=Hard ticks in Burmese amber with Australasian affinities \|journal=Parasitology \|language=en \|volume=150 \|issue=2 \|pages=157–171 \|doi=10.1017/S0031182022001585 \|issn=0031-1820 \|pmc=10090639 \|pmid=36341553}}</ref> An undescribed juvenile tick is known from late [[Albian]] [[amber]], dating to 105 million years ago.<ref name="PeñalverArillo2017" /> The younger [[Baltic amber\|Baltic]] and [[Dominican amber]]s have also yielded examples that can be placed in living genera.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Dunlop JA, Apanaskevich DA, Lehmann J, Hoffmann R, Fusseis F, Ehlke M, Zachow S, Xiao X \| title = Microtomography of the Baltic amber tick Ixodes succineus reveals affinities with the modern Asian disease vector Ixodes ovatus \| journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology \| volume = 16 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 203 \| date = October 2016 \| pmid = 27724841 \| pmc = 5057450 \| doi = 10.1186/s12862-016-0777-y \| doi-access = free \| bibcode = 2016BMCEE..16..203D }}</ref> A phylogenetic analysis suggests that the last common ancestor of all living ticks likely lived around 195 million years ago in the Southern Hemisphere, in what was then Gondwana.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last1=Beati\|first1=Lorenza\|last2=Klompen\|first2=Hans\|date=2019-01-07\|title=Phylogeography of Ticks (Acari: Ixodida)\|url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043027\|journal=Annual Review of Entomology\|language=en\|volume=64\|issue=1\|pages=379–397\|doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043027\|pmid=30354695\|s2cid=53023797\|issn=0066-4170}}</ref>		Fossilized ticks have been discovered from the end of the Early Cretaceous onwards, most commonly in amber. The oldest discovered tick fossils are an argasid bird tick from Late Cretaceous ([[Turonian]] ~94-90 million years ago) aged [[New Jersey amber]],<ref name="KlompenGrimaldi" /> and various ticks found in [[Burmese amber]], including ''[[Khimaira fossus\|Khimaira]]'' which does not belong to any living family of tick, the living genus ''[[Nuttalliella]]'' and the possible [[Nuttalliellidae\|nuttalliellid]] genera ''[[Deinocroton]]'' and ''[[Legionaris]],''<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal \|last=Chitimia-Dobler \|first=Lidia \|last2=Handschuh \|first2=Stephan \|last3=Dunlop \|first3=Jason A. \|last4=Pienaar \|first4=Ronel \|last5=Mans \|first5=Ben J. \|date=2024-04-16 \|title=Nuttalliellidae in Burmese amber: implications for tick evolution \|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0031182024000477/type/journal_article \|journal=Parasitology \|language=en \|pages=1–17 \|doi=10.1017/S0031182024000477 \|issn=0031-1820 \|doi-access=free}}</ref> as well as the members of the living ixodid genera ''[[Amblyomma]]'', ''[[Ixodes]]'', ''[[Haemaphysalis]], [[Bothriocroton]]'' and ''[[Archaeocroton]]'' dating the earliest [[Cenomanian]] stage of the Late Cretaceous, around {{Ma\|99}}.<ref name="PeñalverArillo2017">{{cite journal\|vauthors=Peñalver E, Arillo A, Delclòs X, Peris D, Grimaldi DA, Anderson SR, Nascimbene PC, Pérez-de la Fuente R\|date=December 2017\|title=Ticks parasitised feathered dinosaurs as revealed by Cretaceous amber assemblages\|journal=Nature Communications\|volume=8\|issue=1\|pages=1924\|bibcode=2017NatCo...8.1924P\|doi=10.1038/s41467-017-01550-z\|pmc=5727220\|pmid=29233973}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Chitimia-Dobler \|first1=Lidia \|last2=Mans \|first2=Ben J. \|last3=Handschuh \|first3=Stephan \|last4=Dunlop \|first4=Jason A. \|date=n.d. \|title=A remarkable assemblage of ticks from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber \|journal=Parasitology \|volume=149 \|issue=6 \|language=en \|pages=820–830 \|doi=10.1017/S0031182022000269\|pmid=35241194 \|pmc=10090602 \|s2cid=247227499 \|issn=0031-1820\|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Chitimia-Dobler \|first1=Lidia \|last2=Dunlop \|first2=Jason A. \|last3=Pfeffer \|first3=Timo \|last4=Würzinger \|first4=Felix \|last5=Handschuh \|first5=Stephan \|last6=Mans \|first6=Ben J. \|date=February 2023 \|title=Hard ticks in Burmese amber with Australasian affinities \|journal=Parasitology \|language=en \|volume=150 \|issue=2 \|pages=157–171 \|doi=10.1017/S0031182022001585 \|issn=0031-1820 \|pmc=10090639 \|pmid=36341553}}</ref> An undescribed juvenile tick is known from late [[Albian]] [[amber]], dating to 105 million years ago.<ref name="PeñalverArillo2017" /> The younger [[Baltic amber\|Baltic]] and [[Dominican amber]]s have also yielded examples that can be placed in living genera.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Dunlop JA, Apanaskevich DA, Lehmann J, Hoffmann R, Fusseis F, Ehlke M, Zachow S, Xiao X \| title = Microtomography of the Baltic amber tick Ixodes succineus reveals affinities with the modern Asian disease vector Ixodes ovatus \| journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology \| volume = 16 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 203 \| date = October 2016 \| pmid = 27724841 \| pmc = 5057450 \| doi = 10.1186/s12862-016-0777-y \| doi-access = free \| bibcode = 2016BMCEE..16..203D }}</ref> A phylogenetic analysis suggests that the last common ancestor of all living ticks likely lived around 195 million years ago in the Southern Hemisphere, in what was then Gondwana.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last1=Beati\|first1=Lorenza\|last2=Klompen\|first2=Hans\|date=2019-01-07\|title=Phylogeography of Ticks (Acari: Ixodida)\|url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043027\|journal=Annual Review of Entomology\|language=en\|volume=64\|issue=1\|pages=379–397\|doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043027\|pmid=30354695\|s2cid=53023797\|issn=0066-4170}}</ref>

	Ticks belong to three different families. The majority of tick species belong to the two families: Ixodidae (hard ticks) and Argasidae (soft ticks). The third living family is [[Nuttalliellidae]], named for the bacteriologist [[George Nuttall]]. It comprises a single species, ''Nuttalliella namaqua'',<ref name="list">[[#Guglielmone\|Guglielmone ''et al.'' (2010)]]</ref><ref>[[#Goddard\|Goddard (2008)]]: [https://books.google.com/books?id=f-huycwyEvwC&pg=PA80 p. 80]</ref> and as such is a [[monotypic taxon]]. ''Nuttalliella namaqua'' is found in southern Africa ranging from [[Tanzania]] to [[Namibia]] and [[South Africa]].<ref name="list" /><ref>[[#Keirans\|Keirans ''et al.'' (1976)]]</ref>		Ticks belong to three different families. The majority of tick species belong to the two families: Ixodidae (hard ticks) and Argasidae (soft ticks). The third living family is [[Nuttalliellidae]], named for the bacteriologist [[George Nuttall]]. It comprises a single species, ''Nuttalliella namaqua'',<ref name="list">[[#Guglielmone\|Guglielmone ''et al.'' (2010)]]</ref><ref>[[#Goddard\|Goddard (2008)]]: [https://books.google.com/books?id=f-huycwyEvwC&pg=PA80 p. 80]</ref> and as such is a [[monotypic taxon]]. ''Nuttalliella namaqua'' is found in southern Africa ranging from [[Tanzania]] to [[Namibia]] and [[South Africa]].<ref name="list" /><ref>[[#Keirans\|Keirans ''et al.'' (1976)]]</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 10:46, 22 June 2024
Line 27:		Line 27:
	'''Ticks''' are parasitic [[arachnid]]s of the order '''Ixodida'''. They are part of the [[mite]] superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external [[parasite]]s, living by [[hematophagy\|feeding on the blood]] of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the [[Cretaceous]] period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.		'''Ticks''' are parasitic [[arachnid]]s of the order '''Ixodida'''. They are part of the [[mite]] superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external [[parasite]]s, living by [[hematophagy\|feeding on the blood]] of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the [[Cretaceous]] period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.

	Ticks belong to two major families, the [[Ixodidae]] or hard ticks, and the [[Argasidae]], or soft ticks. ''[[Nuttalliella]],'' a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ~~[https://~~ticks~~.hr/ tick]s~~. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their [[cephalothorax]] and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment.<ref>{{cite web\|last=<!--Not stated--> \|date=21 September 2020\|title=How ticks spread disease \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|language=en-us}}</ref>		Ticks belong to two major families, the [[Ixodidae]] or hard ticks, and the [[Argasidae]], or soft ticks. ''[[Nuttalliella]],'' a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ticks. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their [[cephalothorax]] and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment.<ref>{{cite web\|last=<!--Not stated--> \|date=21 September 2020\|title=How ticks spread disease \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|language=en-us}}</ref>

	Ticks have four stages to their life cycle, namely egg, [[larva]], [[nymph (biology)\|nymph]], and adult. Ticks belonging to the '''Ixodidae''' family undergo either a one-host, two-host, or three-host [[Biological life cycle\|life cycle]].<ref name="CDC - DPDx - Ticks">{{cite web\|date=23 January 2019\|title=Ticks\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/ticks/index.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=CDC - DPDx\|language=en-us}}</ref> Argasid ticks have up to seven nymphal stages ([[instar]]s), each one requiring blood ingestion, and as such, Argasid ticks undergo a multihost life cycle. Because of their hematophagous (blood-ingesting) diets, ticks act as [[vector (epidemiology)\|vectors]] of many serious diseases that affect humans and other animals.		Ticks have four stages to their life cycle, namely egg, [[larva]], [[nymph (biology)\|nymph]], and adult. Ticks belonging to the '''Ixodidae''' family undergo either a one-host, two-host, or three-host [[Biological life cycle\|life cycle]].<ref name="CDC - DPDx - Ticks">{{cite web\|date=23 January 2019\|title=Ticks\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/ticks/index.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=CDC - DPDx\|language=en-us}}</ref> Argasid ticks have up to seven nymphal stages ([[instar]]s), each one requiring blood ingestion, and as such, Argasid ticks undergo a multihost life cycle. Because of their hematophagous (blood-ingesting) diets, ticks act as [[vector (epidemiology)\|vectors]] of many serious diseases that affect humans and other animals.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 08:35, 22 June 2024
Line 27:		Line 27:
	'''Ticks''' are parasitic [[arachnid]]s of the order '''Ixodida'''. They are part of the [[mite]] superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external [[parasite]]s, living by [[hematophagy\|feeding on the blood]] of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the [[Cretaceous]] period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.		'''Ticks''' are parasitic [[arachnid]]s of the order '''Ixodida'''. They are part of the [[mite]] superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external [[parasite]]s, living by [[hematophagy\|feeding on the blood]] of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the [[Cretaceous]] period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.

	Ticks belong to two major families, the [[Ixodidae]] or hard ticks, and the [[Argasidae]], or soft ticks. ''[[Nuttalliella]],'' a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ticks. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their [[cephalothorax]] and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment.<ref>{{cite web\|last=<!--Not stated--> \|date=21 September 2020\|title=How ticks spread disease \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|language=en-us}}</ref>		Ticks belong to two major families, the [[Ixodidae]] or hard ticks, and the [[Argasidae]], or soft ticks. ''[[Nuttalliella]],'' a genus of tick from southern Africa, is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of [https://ticks.hr/ tick]s. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their [[cephalothorax]] and abdomen are completely fused. In addition to having a hard shield on their dorsal surfaces, known as the scutum, hard ticks have a beak-like structure at the front containing the mouthparts, whereas soft ticks have their mouthparts on the underside of their bodies. Ticks locate potential hosts by sensing odor, body heat, moisture, and/or vibrations in the environment.<ref>{{cite web\|last=<!--Not stated--> \|date=21 September 2020\|title=How ticks spread disease \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|language=en-us}}</ref>

	Ticks have four stages to their life cycle, namely egg, [[larva]], [[nymph (biology)\|nymph]], and adult. Ticks belonging to the '''Ixodidae''' family undergo either a one-host, two-host, or three-host [[Biological life cycle\|life cycle]].<ref name="CDC - DPDx - Ticks">{{cite web\|date=23 January 2019\|title=Ticks\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/ticks/index.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=CDC - DPDx\|language=en-us}}</ref> Argasid ticks have up to seven nymphal stages ([[instar]]s), each one requiring blood ingestion, and as such, Argasid ticks undergo a multihost life cycle. Because of their hematophagous (blood-ingesting) diets, ticks act as [[vector (epidemiology)\|vectors]] of many serious diseases that affect humans and other animals.		Ticks have four stages to their life cycle, namely egg, [[larva]], [[nymph (biology)\|nymph]], and adult. Ticks belonging to the '''Ixodidae''' family undergo either a one-host, two-host, or three-host [[Biological life cycle\|life cycle]].<ref name="CDC - DPDx - Ticks">{{cite web\|date=23 January 2019\|title=Ticks\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/ticks/index.html\|access-date=29 November 2020\|website=CDC - DPDx\|language=en-us}}</ref> Argasid ticks have up to seven nymphal stages ([[instar]]s), each one requiring blood ingestion, and as such, Argasid ticks undergo a multihost life cycle. Because of their hematophagous (blood-ingesting) diets, ticks act as [[vector (epidemiology)\|vectors]] of many serious diseases that affect humans and other animals.