Valayapathi - Revision history

Monkbot: Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);

2024-10-28T13:08:29Z

Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:08, 28 October 2024
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}
	'''''Valaiyapadhi''''' ({{~~lang-~~ta\|வளையாபதி\|lit=Unbending Man\|translit=Vaḷaiyāpati}}; {{trans\|Strong Man}}), also spelled '''''Valayapathi''''', is one of the [[Five Great Epics\|five great]] [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[Epic poetry\|epic]]s, but one that is almost entirely lost.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}<ref name="Sastri1982p1088">{{cite book\|author=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri\|title=A Comprehensive History of India: Part 1-2. A.D. 300-985 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ \|year=1982\|publisher=Orient Longmans\|page=1088}}</ref> It is a story of a father who has two wives, abandons one who gives birth to their son, and the son grows up and seeks his real father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} The dominant emotion of this epic is love, and its predominant object is the inculcation of [[Jain]] principles and doctrines.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nagarajan\|first=K. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4IdAAAAMAAJ&q=Valayapathi+jainism\|title=Jain Contribution to Tamil Culture\|date=1977\|publisher=Dhanraj Baid Jain College\|language=en}}</ref>		'''''Valaiyapadhi''''' ({{langx\|ta\|வளையாபதி\|lit=Unbending Man\|translit=Vaḷaiyāpati}}; {{trans\|Strong Man}}), also spelled '''''Valayapathi''''', is one of the [[Five Great Epics\|five great]] [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[Epic poetry\|epic]]s, but one that is almost entirely lost.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}<ref name="Sastri1982p1088">{{cite book\|author=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri\|title=A Comprehensive History of India: Part 1-2. A.D. 300-985 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ \|year=1982\|publisher=Orient Longmans\|page=1088}}</ref> It is a story of a father who has two wives, abandons one who gives birth to their son, and the son grows up and seeks his real father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} The dominant emotion of this epic is love, and its predominant object is the inculcation of [[Jain]] principles and doctrines.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nagarajan\|first=K. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4IdAAAAMAAJ&q=Valayapathi+jainism\|title=Jain Contribution to Tamil Culture\|date=1977\|publisher=Dhanraj Baid Jain College\|language=en}}</ref>

	Palm-leaf manuscripts of the epic likely existed until the 19th-century, but presently only uncertain fragments of the epic are known from commentaries and the 14th-century anthology ''Purattirattu''. Based on these fragments, the epic appears to be the story of a merchant with an overseas trading business who married two women.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} He abandoned one, who later gives birth to his son. He has children with the other wife too. The abandoned son is bullied by overseas kids for not knowing the name of his father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} His mother then discloses the father's name. The son travels and confronts his father, who first refuses to acknowledge him. Then, with the aid of a goddess, he brings his mother whose presence proves his claim. The father accepts the boy, and helps him start his own merchant business.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}		Palm-leaf manuscripts of the epic likely existed until the 19th-century, but presently only uncertain fragments of the epic are known from commentaries and the 14th-century anthology ''Purattirattu''. Based on these fragments, the epic appears to be the story of a merchant with an overseas trading business who married two women.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} He abandoned one, who later gives birth to his son. He has children with the other wife too. The abandoned son is bullied by overseas kids for not knowing the name of his father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} His mother then discloses the father's name. The son travels and confronts his father, who first refuses to acknowledge him. Then, with the aid of a goddess, he brings his mother whose presence proves his claim. The father accepts the boy, and helps him start his own merchant business.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}

JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Tamil epic poems to :Category:Epic poems in Tamil per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy

2024-06-27T05:48:21Z

Moving Category:Tamil epic poems to Category:Epic poems in Tamil per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy

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	[[Category:Sangam literature]]		[[Category:Sangam literature]]
	[[Category:Tamil Jain literature]]		[[Category:Tamil Jain literature]]

Ffffrr: Importing Wikidata short description: "Tamil epic poem" (Shortdesc helper)

2022-04-07T04:35:47Z

Importing Wikidata short description: "Tamil epic poem" (Shortdesc helper)

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			{{Short description\|Tamil epic poem}}
	{{About\|\|the film\|Valayapathi (film)}}		{{About\|\|the film\|Valayapathi (film)}}
	{{Tamil literature}}		{{Tamil literature}}

Emmanuel Asbon: Added more info to lang-ta and added trans

2022-01-30T06:27:21Z

Added more info to lang-ta and added trans

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:27, 30 January 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}
	'''''~~Vaḷaiyāpati~~''''' ({{lang-ta\|வளையாபதி}}), also spelled '''''Valayapathi''''', is one of the [[Five Great Epics\|five great]] [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[Epic poetry\|epic]]s, but one that is almost entirely lost.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}<ref name="Sastri1982p1088">{{cite book\|author=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri\|title=A Comprehensive History of India: Part 1-2. A.D. 300-985 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ \|year=1982\|publisher=Orient Longmans\|page=1088}}</ref> It is a story of a father who has two wives, abandons one who gives birth to their son, and the son grows up and seeks his real father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} The dominant emotion of this epic is love, and its predominant object is the inculcation of [[Jain]] principles and doctrines.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nagarajan\|first=K. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4IdAAAAMAAJ&q=Valayapathi+jainism\|title=Jain Contribution to Tamil Culture\|date=1977\|publisher=Dhanraj Baid Jain College\|language=en}}</ref>		'''''Valaiyapadhi''''' ({{lang-ta\|வளையாபதி\|lit=Unbending Man\|translit=Vaḷaiyāpati}}; {{trans\|Strong Man}}), also spelled '''''Valayapathi''''', is one of the [[Five Great Epics\|five great]] [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[Epic poetry\|epic]]s, but one that is almost entirely lost.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}<ref name="Sastri1982p1088">{{cite book\|author=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri\|title=A Comprehensive History of India: Part 1-2. A.D. 300-985 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ \|year=1982\|publisher=Orient Longmans\|page=1088}}</ref> It is a story of a father who has two wives, abandons one who gives birth to their son, and the son grows up and seeks his real father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} The dominant emotion of this epic is love, and its predominant object is the inculcation of [[Jain]] principles and doctrines.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nagarajan\|first=K. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4IdAAAAMAAJ&q=Valayapathi+jainism\|title=Jain Contribution to Tamil Culture\|date=1977\|publisher=Dhanraj Baid Jain College\|language=en}}</ref>

	Palm-leaf manuscripts of the epic likely existed until the 19th-century, but presently only uncertain fragments of the epic are known from commentaries and the 14th-century anthology ''Purattirattu''. Based on these fragments, the epic appears to be the story of a merchant with an overseas trading business who married two women.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} He abandoned one, who later gives birth to his son. He has children with the other wife too. The abandoned son is bullied by overseas kids for not knowing the name of his father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} His mother then discloses the father's name. The son travels and confronts his father, who first refuses to acknowledge him. Then, with the aid of a goddess, he brings his mother whose presence proves his claim. The father accepts the boy, and helps him start his own merchant business.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}		Palm-leaf manuscripts of the epic likely existed until the 19th-century, but presently only uncertain fragments of the epic are known from commentaries and the 14th-century anthology ''Purattirattu''. Based on these fragments, the epic appears to be the story of a merchant with an overseas trading business who married two women.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} He abandoned one, who later gives birth to his son. He has children with the other wife too. The abandoned son is bullied by overseas kids for not knowing the name of his father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} His mother then discloses the father's name. The son travels and confronts his father, who first refuses to acknowledge him. Then, with the aid of a goddess, he brings his mother whose presence proves his claim. The father accepts the boy, and helps him start his own merchant business.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}

Nittawinoda at 19:32, 5 November 2021

2021-11-05T19:32:44Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:32, 5 November 2021
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}
	'''''Vaḷaiyāpati''''' ({{lang-ta\|வளையாபதி}}), also spelled '''''Valayapathi''''', is one of the [[Five Great Epics\|five great]] [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[Epic poetry\|epic]]s, but one that is almost entirely lost.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}<ref name="Sastri1982p1088">{{cite book\|author=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri\|title=A Comprehensive History of India: Part 1-2. A.D. 300-985 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ \|year=1982\|publisher=Orient Longmans\|page=1088}}</ref> It is a story of a father who has two wives, abandons one who gives birth to their son, and the son grows up and seeks his real father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} The dominant emotion of this epic is love, and its predominant object is the inculcation of ''Jain'' principles and doctrines.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nagarajan\|first=K. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4IdAAAAMAAJ&q=Valayapathi+jainism\|title=Jain Contribution to Tamil Culture\|date=1977\|publisher=Dhanraj Baid Jain College\|language=en}}</ref>		'''''Vaḷaiyāpati''''' ({{lang-ta\|வளையாபதி}}), also spelled '''''Valayapathi''''', is one of the [[Five Great Epics\|five great]] [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[Epic poetry\|epic]]s, but one that is almost entirely lost.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}<ref name="Sastri1982p1088">{{cite book\|author=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri\|title=A Comprehensive History of India: Part 1-2. A.D. 300-985 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ \|year=1982\|publisher=Orient Longmans\|page=1088}}</ref> It is a story of a father who has two wives, abandons one who gives birth to their son, and the son grows up and seeks his real father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} The dominant emotion of this epic is love, and its predominant object is the inculcation of [[Jain]] principles and doctrines.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nagarajan\|first=K. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4IdAAAAMAAJ&q=Valayapathi+jainism\|title=Jain Contribution to Tamil Culture\|date=1977\|publisher=Dhanraj Baid Jain College\|language=en}}</ref>

	Palm-leaf manuscripts of the epic likely existed until the 19th-century, but presently only uncertain fragments of the epic are known from commentaries and the 14th-century anthology ''Purattirattu''. Based on these fragments, the epic appears to be the story of a merchant with an overseas trading business who married two women.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} He abandoned one, who later gives birth to his son. He has children with the other wife too. The abandoned son is bullied by overseas kids for not knowing the name of his father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} His mother then discloses the father's name. The son travels and confronts his father, who first refuses to acknowledge him. Then, with the aid of a goddess, he brings his mother whose presence proves his claim. The father accepts the boy, and helps him start his own merchant business.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}		Palm-leaf manuscripts of the epic likely existed until the 19th-century, but presently only uncertain fragments of the epic are known from commentaries and the 14th-century anthology ''Purattirattu''. Based on these fragments, the epic appears to be the story of a merchant with an overseas trading business who married two women.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} He abandoned one, who later gives birth to his son. He has children with the other wife too. The abandoned son is bullied by overseas kids for not knowing the name of his father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} His mother then discloses the father's name. The son travels and confronts his father, who first refuses to acknowledge him. Then, with the aid of a goddess, he brings his mother whose presence proves his claim. The father accepts the boy, and helps him start his own merchant business.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}

Rasnaboy: /* Genre */ Space

2021-10-27T17:07:06Z

Genre: Space

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:07, 27 October 2021
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	==Genre==		==Genre==
	Tamil literary tradition places ''Valayapathi'' among the [[The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature\|five great epics of Tamil literature]], alongside such works as ''[[Silappatikaram]]'', ''[[Manimegalai]]'', ''[[Civaka Cintamani]]'' and ''[[Kundalakesi]]''.<ref name="Muk1">Mukherjee 1999, p. 277</ref> It is called a "''Aimperumkappiyam''" (lit. Five large epics), a genre that is first mentioned in a later century Mayilainathar's commentary of ''[[Nannūl]]''. Mayilainathar does not mention the names of the five epics. The names of the epics are first mentioned in the late 18th century - early 19th century work ''Thiruthanikaiula''. Earlier works like the 17''th'' century poem ''Tamil vidu thoothu'' mention the great epics as ''Panchkavyams''.<ref name="zvelebil">Zvelebil 1992, p. 73</ref><ref name="pillai">M.S. 1994, p. 115</ref>		Tamil literary tradition places ''Valayapathi'' among the [[The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature\|five great epics of Tamil literature]], alongside such works as ''[[Silappatikaram]]'', ''[[Manimegalai]]'', ''[[Civaka Cintamani]]'' and ''[[Kundalakesi]]''.<ref name="Muk1">Mukherjee 1999, p. 277</ref> It is called a "''Aimperumkappiyam''" (lit. Five large epics), a genre that is first mentioned in a later century Mayilainathar's commentary of ''[[Nannūl]]''. Mayilainathar does not mention the names of the five epics. The names of the epics are first mentioned in the late 18th century - early 19th century work ''Thiruthanikaiula''. Earlier works like the 17''th'' century poem ''Tamil vidu thoothu'' mention the great epics as ''Panchkavyams''.<ref name="zvelebil">Zvelebil 1992, p. 73</ref><ref name="pillai">M.S. 1994, p. 115</ref>

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Nittawinoda at 12:49, 27 October 2021

2021-10-27T12:49:18Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:49, 27 October 2021
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	==Content==		==Content==
	''Valayapathi's'' story cannot be discerned from the currently available fragments of the epic. However, some scholars contend that the epic's story has been retold in the 35th chapter of ''Vanikapuranam'' written by Chintamani Pulavar in 1855. Chintamani Pulavar describes the chapter as the story of "Vaira Vanikan Valayapathi" (''Valayapathi'' the Diamond merchant) of the ''Aimperumkaappiyam'' (five great epics). But the text itself does not contain the word ''Valayapathi''. Tamil scholars M. Arunachalam and [[Kamil Zvelebil]] consider this hypothesis as doubtful. The content of the recovered verses are consistent with the ideals of [[Jainism]] and have led to the conclusion that this epic is a Jain religious work. Rejection of worldly pleasures, advocation of asceticism, misanthropy and praise for chastity, horror at meat-eating, the vision of constant change and transiency all point to the epic's author being a Jain monk. The 345th verse of ''Tirukkuṛaḷ'' is quoted in the epic.<ref name="zvelebil"/><ref name="pillai 2">Pillai 1994, pp. 132-136</ref><ref name="reader">{{cite web\|title=Valayapathi \|url=http://www.tamilreader.com/MTExMDkxMDUyMTAwOTM5 \|work=www.tamilreader.com \|language=ta}}</ref>		''Valayapathi's'' story cannot be discerned from the currently available fragments of the epic. However, some scholars contend that the epic's story has been retold in the 35th chapter of ''Vanikapuranam'' written by Chintamani Pulavar in 1855. Chintamani Pulavar describes the chapter as the story of "Vaira Vanikan Valayapathi" (''Valayapathi'' the Diamond merchant) of the ''Aimperumkaappiyam'' (five great epics). But the text itself does not contain the word ''Valayapathi''. Tamil scholars M. Arunachalam and [[Kamil Zvelebil]] consider this hypothesis as doubtful. The content of the recovered verses are consistent with the ideals of [[Jainism]] and have led to the conclusion that this epic is a Jain religious work. Rejection of worldly pleasures, advocation of asceticism, misanthropy and praise for chastity, horror at meat-eating, the vision of constant change and transiency all point to the epic's author being a [[Jain]] monk. The 345th verse of ''Tirukkuṛaḷ'' is quoted in the epic.<ref name="zvelebil"/><ref name="pillai 2">Pillai 1994, pp. 132-136</ref><ref name="reader">{{cite web\|title=Valayapathi \|url=http://www.tamilreader.com/MTExMDkxMDUyMTAwOTM5 \|work=www.tamilreader.com \|language=ta}}</ref>

	According to Tamil scholar [[S. Vaiyapuri Pillai]], ''Valayapathi'' is one of the earliest works done in the ''Viruttham'' metre. The quality and beauty of the epic has been praised by ''Adiyarkkunallar'' who quotes from it and praises its quality of poetry in his commentary of ''Cilappatikaram''.<ref name="zvelebil"/>		According to Tamil scholar [[S. Vaiyapuri Pillai]], ''Valayapathi'' is one of the earliest works done in the ''Viruttham'' metre. The quality and beauty of the epic has been praised by ''Adiyarkkunallar'' who quotes from it and praises its quality of poetry in his commentary of ''Cilappatikaram''.<ref name="zvelebil"/>

Bhagya sri113: /* External links */ Correcting topic

2021-09-19T14:10:54Z

External links: Correcting topic

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:10, 19 September 2021
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	[[Category:Tamil epic poems]]		[[Category:Tamil epic poems]]
	[[Category:Sangam literature]]		[[Category:Sangam literature]]
	[[Category:Tamil ~~Hindu~~ literature]]		[[Category:Tamil Jain literature]]

Bhagya sri113: /* External links */ Adding category

2021-09-19T14:10:19Z

External links: Adding category

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	[[Category:Tamil epic poems]]		[[Category:Tamil epic poems]]
	[[Category:Sangam literature]]		[[Category:Sangam literature]]
			[[Category:Tamil Hindu literature]]

Bhagya sri113: /* External links */ Adding Navbox

2021-01-13T14:17:51Z

External links: Adding Navbox

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:17, 13 January 2021
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	==External links==		==External links==
	* [http://www.chennailibrary.com/iymperumkappiangal/valaiyapathi.html Recovered Stanzas from Valayapathi at www.chennailibrary.com]		* [http://www.chennailibrary.com/iymperumkappiangal/valaiyapathi.html Recovered Stanzas from Valayapathi at www.chennailibrary.com]
			{{Tamil language}}
	{{Authority control}}		{{Authority control}}
	[[Category:Jain texts]]		[[Category:Jain texts]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:08, 28 October 2024
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}
	'''''Valaiyapadhi''''' ({{~~lang-~~ta\|வளையாபதி\|lit=Unbending Man\|translit=Vaḷaiyāpati}}; {{trans\|Strong Man}}), also spelled '''''Valayapathi''''', is one of the [[Five Great Epics\|five great]] [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[Epic poetry\|epic]]s, but one that is almost entirely lost.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}<ref name="Sastri1982p1088">{{cite book\|author=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri\|title=A Comprehensive History of India: Part 1-2. A.D. 300-985 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ \|year=1982\|publisher=Orient Longmans\|page=1088}}</ref> It is a story of a father who has two wives, abandons one who gives birth to their son, and the son grows up and seeks his real father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} The dominant emotion of this epic is love, and its predominant object is the inculcation of [[Jain]] principles and doctrines.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nagarajan\|first=K. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4IdAAAAMAAJ&q=Valayapathi+jainism\|title=Jain Contribution to Tamil Culture\|date=1977\|publisher=Dhanraj Baid Jain College\|language=en}}</ref>		'''''Valaiyapadhi''''' ({{langx\|ta\|வளையாபதி\|lit=Unbending Man\|translit=Vaḷaiyāpati}}; {{trans\|Strong Man}}), also spelled '''''Valayapathi''''', is one of the [[Five Great Epics\|five great]] [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[Epic poetry\|epic]]s, but one that is almost entirely lost.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}<ref name="Sastri1982p1088">{{cite book\|author=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri\|title=A Comprehensive History of India: Part 1-2. A.D. 300-985 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ \|year=1982\|publisher=Orient Longmans\|page=1088}}</ref> It is a story of a father who has two wives, abandons one who gives birth to their son, and the son grows up and seeks his real father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} The dominant emotion of this epic is love, and its predominant object is the inculcation of [[Jain]] principles and doctrines.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nagarajan\|first=K. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4IdAAAAMAAJ&q=Valayapathi+jainism\|title=Jain Contribution to Tamil Culture\|date=1977\|publisher=Dhanraj Baid Jain College\|language=en}}</ref>

	Palm-leaf manuscripts of the epic likely existed until the 19th-century, but presently only uncertain fragments of the epic are known from commentaries and the 14th-century anthology ''Purattirattu''. Based on these fragments, the epic appears to be the story of a merchant with an overseas trading business who married two women.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} He abandoned one, who later gives birth to his son. He has children with the other wife too. The abandoned son is bullied by overseas kids for not knowing the name of his father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} His mother then discloses the father's name. The son travels and confronts his father, who first refuses to acknowledge him. Then, with the aid of a goddess, he brings his mother whose presence proves his claim. The father accepts the boy, and helps him start his own merchant business.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}		Palm-leaf manuscripts of the epic likely existed until the 19th-century, but presently only uncertain fragments of the epic are known from commentaries and the 14th-century anthology ''Purattirattu''. Based on these fragments, the epic appears to be the story of a merchant with an overseas trading business who married two women.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} He abandoned one, who later gives birth to his son. He has children with the other wife too. The abandoned son is bullied by overseas kids for not knowing the name of his father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} His mother then discloses the father's name. The son travels and confronts his father, who first refuses to acknowledge him. Then, with the aid of a goddess, he brings his mother whose presence proves his claim. The father accepts the boy, and helps him start his own merchant business.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:27, 30 January 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}
	'''''~~Vaḷaiyāpati~~''''' ({{lang-ta\|வளையாபதி}}), also spelled '''''Valayapathi''''', is one of the [[Five Great Epics\|five great]] [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[Epic poetry\|epic]]s, but one that is almost entirely lost.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}<ref name="Sastri1982p1088">{{cite book\|author=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri\|title=A Comprehensive History of India: Part 1-2. A.D. 300-985 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ \|year=1982\|publisher=Orient Longmans\|page=1088}}</ref> It is a story of a father who has two wives, abandons one who gives birth to their son, and the son grows up and seeks his real father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} The dominant emotion of this epic is love, and its predominant object is the inculcation of [[Jain]] principles and doctrines.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nagarajan\|first=K. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4IdAAAAMAAJ&q=Valayapathi+jainism\|title=Jain Contribution to Tamil Culture\|date=1977\|publisher=Dhanraj Baid Jain College\|language=en}}</ref>		'''''Valaiyapadhi''''' ({{lang-ta\|வளையாபதி\|lit=Unbending Man\|translit=Vaḷaiyāpati}}; {{trans\|Strong Man}}), also spelled '''''Valayapathi''''', is one of the [[Five Great Epics\|five great]] [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[Epic poetry\|epic]]s, but one that is almost entirely lost.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}<ref name="Sastri1982p1088">{{cite book\|author=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri\|title=A Comprehensive History of India: Part 1-2. A.D. 300-985 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ \|year=1982\|publisher=Orient Longmans\|page=1088}}</ref> It is a story of a father who has two wives, abandons one who gives birth to their son, and the son grows up and seeks his real father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} The dominant emotion of this epic is love, and its predominant object is the inculcation of [[Jain]] principles and doctrines.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nagarajan\|first=K. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4IdAAAAMAAJ&q=Valayapathi+jainism\|title=Jain Contribution to Tamil Culture\|date=1977\|publisher=Dhanraj Baid Jain College\|language=en}}</ref>

	Palm-leaf manuscripts of the epic likely existed until the 19th-century, but presently only uncertain fragments of the epic are known from commentaries and the 14th-century anthology ''Purattirattu''. Based on these fragments, the epic appears to be the story of a merchant with an overseas trading business who married two women.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} He abandoned one, who later gives birth to his son. He has children with the other wife too. The abandoned son is bullied by overseas kids for not knowing the name of his father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} His mother then discloses the father's name. The son travels and confronts his father, who first refuses to acknowledge him. Then, with the aid of a goddess, he brings his mother whose presence proves his claim. The father accepts the boy, and helps him start his own merchant business.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}		Palm-leaf manuscripts of the epic likely existed until the 19th-century, but presently only uncertain fragments of the epic are known from commentaries and the 14th-century anthology ''Purattirattu''. Based on these fragments, the epic appears to be the story of a merchant with an overseas trading business who married two women.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} He abandoned one, who later gives birth to his son. He has children with the other wife too. The abandoned son is bullied by overseas kids for not knowing the name of his father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} His mother then discloses the father's name. The son travels and confronts his father, who first refuses to acknowledge him. Then, with the aid of a goddess, he brings his mother whose presence proves his claim. The father accepts the boy, and helps him start his own merchant business.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:32, 5 November 2021
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}
	'''''Vaḷaiyāpati''''' ({{lang-ta\|வளையாபதி}}), also spelled '''''Valayapathi''''', is one of the [[Five Great Epics\|five great]] [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[Epic poetry\|epic]]s, but one that is almost entirely lost.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}<ref name="Sastri1982p1088">{{cite book\|author=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri\|title=A Comprehensive History of India: Part 1-2. A.D. 300-985 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ \|year=1982\|publisher=Orient Longmans\|page=1088}}</ref> It is a story of a father who has two wives, abandons one who gives birth to their son, and the son grows up and seeks his real father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} The dominant emotion of this epic is love, and its predominant object is the inculcation of ''Jain'' principles and doctrines.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nagarajan\|first=K. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4IdAAAAMAAJ&q=Valayapathi+jainism\|title=Jain Contribution to Tamil Culture\|date=1977\|publisher=Dhanraj Baid Jain College\|language=en}}</ref>		'''''Vaḷaiyāpati''''' ({{lang-ta\|வளையாபதி}}), also spelled '''''Valayapathi''''', is one of the [[Five Great Epics\|five great]] [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[Epic poetry\|epic]]s, but one that is almost entirely lost.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}<ref name="Sastri1982p1088">{{cite book\|author=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri\|title=A Comprehensive History of India: Part 1-2. A.D. 300-985 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ \|year=1982\|publisher=Orient Longmans\|page=1088}}</ref> It is a story of a father who has two wives, abandons one who gives birth to their son, and the son grows up and seeks his real father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} The dominant emotion of this epic is love, and its predominant object is the inculcation of [[Jain]] principles and doctrines.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nagarajan\|first=K. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4IdAAAAMAAJ&q=Valayapathi+jainism\|title=Jain Contribution to Tamil Culture\|date=1977\|publisher=Dhanraj Baid Jain College\|language=en}}</ref>

	Palm-leaf manuscripts of the epic likely existed until the 19th-century, but presently only uncertain fragments of the epic are known from commentaries and the 14th-century anthology ''Purattirattu''. Based on these fragments, the epic appears to be the story of a merchant with an overseas trading business who married two women.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} He abandoned one, who later gives birth to his son. He has children with the other wife too. The abandoned son is bullied by overseas kids for not knowing the name of his father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} His mother then discloses the father's name. The son travels and confronts his father, who first refuses to acknowledge him. Then, with the aid of a goddess, he brings his mother whose presence proves his claim. The father accepts the boy, and helps him start his own merchant business.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}		Palm-leaf manuscripts of the epic likely existed until the 19th-century, but presently only uncertain fragments of the epic are known from commentaries and the 14th-century anthology ''Purattirattu''. Based on these fragments, the epic appears to be the story of a merchant with an overseas trading business who married two women.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} He abandoned one, who later gives birth to his son. He has children with the other wife too. The abandoned son is bullied by overseas kids for not knowing the name of his father.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}} His mother then discloses the father's name. The son travels and confronts his father, who first refuses to acknowledge him. Then, with the aid of a goddess, he brings his mother whose presence proves his claim. The father accepts the boy, and helps him start his own merchant business.{{sfn\|Zvelebil\|1992\|pp=73–74}}