Wesley Clark - Revision history

Schazjmd: Reverted good faith edits by 81.0.216.212 (talk): Don't add external links to body; added text unsourced

2024-11-15T23:10:32Z

Reverted good faith edits by 81.0.216.212 (talk): Don't add external links to body; added text unsourced

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:10, 15 November 2024
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	{{See also\|List of Wesley Clark awards and honors}}		{{See also\|List of Wesley Clark awards and honors}}
	Wesley Clark has been awarded numerous honors, awards, and knighthoods over the course of his military and civilian career. Notable military awards include the [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]] with four [[oak leaf cluster]]s, the [[Legion of Merit]] with three oak leaf clusters, the [[Silver Star]], and the [[Bronze Star Medal\|Bronze Star]] with an oak leaf cluster.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 U.S. Military decorations] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104083705/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 \|date=November 4, 2006 }}</ref> Internationally Clark has received numerous civilian honors such as the [[Bundesverdienstkreuz\|Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] and military honors such as the Grand Cross of the [[Medal of Military Merit (Portugal)\|Medal of Military Merit]] from [[Portugal]] and knighthoods.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 International honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030407/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> Clark has been awarded some honors as a civilian, such as the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement\|American Academy of Achievement]] presented by Awards Council member and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General [[John Shalikashvili]], in 1998,<ref>{{cite web\|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement \|website=www.achievement.org\|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]\|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref> and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 2000.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 Civilian honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030350/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> The people of [[Gjakova]], Kosovo, named a street after him for his role in helping their city and country.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|title=4th image down from \|publisher=Awesclarkdemocrat.com \|access-date=August 15, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728172632/http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kosovareport.blogspot.com/2006/05/former-nato-commander-retired-gen.html \|title=Former NATO commander, retired Gen. Wesley Clark to visit Kosovo \|publisher=Kosovareport.blogspot.com \|date=May 24, 2006 \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> The city of [[Madison, Alabama\|Madison]] in [[Alabama]] has also named a boulevard after Clark.<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22wesley+clark+blvd%22+alabama Google search results] containing real estate listings for Wesley Clark Blvd in Madison, Alabama.</ref><ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna13100686 Transcript] of ''Countdown with Keith Olbermann'' show on NBC News where he mentions road named after Clark in Alabama.</ref> Municipal approval has been granted for the construction of a new street to be named "General Clark Court" in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]].<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 Announcement] by architect upon completion of negotiations granting municipal approval for construction of "General Clark Court" in Northern Village subsection in Virginia Beach area of the state of Virginia. {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000028/http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 \|date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref>		Wesley Clark has been awarded numerous honors, awards, and knighthoods over the course of his military and civilian career. Notable military awards include the [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]] with four [[oak leaf cluster]]s, the [[Legion of Merit]] with three oak leaf clusters, the [[Silver Star]], and the [[Bronze Star Medal\|Bronze Star]] with an oak leaf cluster.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 U.S. Military decorations] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104083705/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 \|date=November 4, 2006 }}</ref> Internationally Clark has received numerous civilian honors such as the [[Bundesverdienstkreuz\|Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] and military honors such as the Grand Cross of the [[Medal of Military Merit (Portugal)\|Medal of Military Merit]] from [[Portugal]] and knighthoods.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 International honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030407/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> Clark has been awarded some honors as a civilian, such as the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement\|American Academy of Achievement]] presented by Awards Council member and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General [[John Shalikashvili]], in 1998,<ref>{{cite web\|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement \|website=www.achievement.org\|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]\|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref> and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 2000.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 Civilian honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030350/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> The people of [[Gjakova]], Kosovo, named a street after him for his role in helping their city and country.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|title=4th image down from \|publisher=Awesclarkdemocrat.com \|access-date=August 15, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728172632/http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kosovareport.blogspot.com/2006/05/former-nato-commander-retired-gen.html \|title=Former NATO commander, retired Gen. Wesley Clark to visit Kosovo \|publisher=Kosovareport.blogspot.com \|date=May 24, 2006 \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> The city of [[Madison, Alabama\|Madison]] in [[Alabama]] has also named a boulevard after Clark.<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22wesley+clark+blvd%22+alabama Google search results] containing real estate listings for Wesley Clark Blvd in Madison, Alabama.</ref><ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna13100686 Transcript] of ''Countdown with Keith Olbermann'' show on NBC News where he mentions road named after Clark in Alabama.</ref> Municipal approval has been granted for the construction of a new street to be named "General Clark Court" in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]].<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 Announcement] by architect upon completion of negotiations granting municipal approval for construction of "General Clark Court" in Northern Village subsection in Virginia Beach area of the state of Virginia. {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000028/http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 \|date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref>
	He has also been appointed a Fellow at the Burkle Center for International Relations at [[UCLA]]. He is a member of the guiding coalition of the [[Project on National Security Reform]]. In 2000 he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/02/us/wesley-clark-fast-facts/index.html\|title=Wesley Clark Fast Facts\|last=Library\|first=CNN\|publisher=CNN\|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> In 2013, General Clark was awarded the [[Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award]] jointly presented by the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation]] and ~~the [http://www.globalpanel.org~~ Global Panel Foundation] . With the death of [[List of Nobel laureates by country\|Nobel Laureate]] [[F. W. de Klerk\|F.W. de Klerk]], Clark became the second Honorary Chair of the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation\|Prague Society]]. He is also on the Advisory Board of the [http://www.globalpanel.org Global Panel Foundation].		He has also been appointed a Fellow at the Burkle Center for International Relations at [[UCLA]]. He is a member of the guiding coalition of the [[Project on National Security Reform]]. In 2000 he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/02/us/wesley-clark-fast-facts/index.html\|title=Wesley Clark Fast Facts\|last=Library\|first=CNN\|publisher=CNN\|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> In 2013, General Clark was awarded the [[Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award]] jointly presented by the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation]] and Global Panel Foundation .<ref>

	{{cite web\|title=List of Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award Winners\|publisher=Prague Society\|url=http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|access-date=September 9, 2014\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903124001/http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|archive-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref>		{{cite web\|title=List of Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award Winners\|publisher=Prague Society\|url=http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|access-date=September 9, 2014\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903124001/http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|archive-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref>

81.0.216.212: /* Awards and honors */

2024-11-15T23:03:30Z

Awards and honors

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:03, 15 November 2024
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	{{See also\|List of Wesley Clark awards and honors}}		{{See also\|List of Wesley Clark awards and honors}}
	Wesley Clark has been awarded numerous honors, awards, and knighthoods over the course of his military and civilian career. Notable military awards include the [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]] with four [[oak leaf cluster]]s, the [[Legion of Merit]] with three oak leaf clusters, the [[Silver Star]], and the [[Bronze Star Medal\|Bronze Star]] with an oak leaf cluster.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 U.S. Military decorations] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104083705/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 \|date=November 4, 2006 }}</ref> Internationally Clark has received numerous civilian honors such as the [[Bundesverdienstkreuz\|Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] and military honors such as the Grand Cross of the [[Medal of Military Merit (Portugal)\|Medal of Military Merit]] from [[Portugal]] and knighthoods.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 International honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030407/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> Clark has been awarded some honors as a civilian, such as the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement\|American Academy of Achievement]] presented by Awards Council member and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General [[John Shalikashvili]], in 1998,<ref>{{cite web\|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement \|website=www.achievement.org\|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]\|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref> and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 2000.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 Civilian honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030350/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> The people of [[Gjakova]], Kosovo, named a street after him for his role in helping their city and country.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|title=4th image down from \|publisher=Awesclarkdemocrat.com \|access-date=August 15, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728172632/http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kosovareport.blogspot.com/2006/05/former-nato-commander-retired-gen.html \|title=Former NATO commander, retired Gen. Wesley Clark to visit Kosovo \|publisher=Kosovareport.blogspot.com \|date=May 24, 2006 \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> The city of [[Madison, Alabama\|Madison]] in [[Alabama]] has also named a boulevard after Clark.<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22wesley+clark+blvd%22+alabama Google search results] containing real estate listings for Wesley Clark Blvd in Madison, Alabama.</ref><ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna13100686 Transcript] of ''Countdown with Keith Olbermann'' show on NBC News where he mentions road named after Clark in Alabama.</ref> Municipal approval has been granted for the construction of a new street to be named "General Clark Court" in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]].<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 Announcement] by architect upon completion of negotiations granting municipal approval for construction of "General Clark Court" in Northern Village subsection in Virginia Beach area of the state of Virginia. {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000028/http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 \|date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref>		Wesley Clark has been awarded numerous honors, awards, and knighthoods over the course of his military and civilian career. Notable military awards include the [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]] with four [[oak leaf cluster]]s, the [[Legion of Merit]] with three oak leaf clusters, the [[Silver Star]], and the [[Bronze Star Medal\|Bronze Star]] with an oak leaf cluster.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 U.S. Military decorations] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104083705/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 \|date=November 4, 2006 }}</ref> Internationally Clark has received numerous civilian honors such as the [[Bundesverdienstkreuz\|Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] and military honors such as the Grand Cross of the [[Medal of Military Merit (Portugal)\|Medal of Military Merit]] from [[Portugal]] and knighthoods.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 International honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030407/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> Clark has been awarded some honors as a civilian, such as the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement\|American Academy of Achievement]] presented by Awards Council member and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General [[John Shalikashvili]], in 1998,<ref>{{cite web\|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement \|website=www.achievement.org\|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]\|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref> and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 2000.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 Civilian honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030350/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> The people of [[Gjakova]], Kosovo, named a street after him for his role in helping their city and country.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|title=4th image down from \|publisher=Awesclarkdemocrat.com \|access-date=August 15, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728172632/http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kosovareport.blogspot.com/2006/05/former-nato-commander-retired-gen.html \|title=Former NATO commander, retired Gen. Wesley Clark to visit Kosovo \|publisher=Kosovareport.blogspot.com \|date=May 24, 2006 \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> The city of [[Madison, Alabama\|Madison]] in [[Alabama]] has also named a boulevard after Clark.<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22wesley+clark+blvd%22+alabama Google search results] containing real estate listings for Wesley Clark Blvd in Madison, Alabama.</ref><ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna13100686 Transcript] of ''Countdown with Keith Olbermann'' show on NBC News where he mentions road named after Clark in Alabama.</ref> Municipal approval has been granted for the construction of a new street to be named "General Clark Court" in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]].<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 Announcement] by architect upon completion of negotiations granting municipal approval for construction of "General Clark Court" in Northern Village subsection in Virginia Beach area of the state of Virginia. {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000028/http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 \|date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref>
	He has also been appointed a Fellow at the Burkle Center for International Relations at [[UCLA]]. He is a member of the guiding coalition of the [[Project on National Security Reform]]. In 2000 he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/02/us/wesley-clark-fast-facts/index.html\|title=Wesley Clark Fast Facts\|last=Library\|first=CNN\|publisher=CNN\|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> In 2013, General Clark was awarded the [[Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award]] jointly presented by the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation]] and Global Panel Foundation .~~<ref>~~		He has also been appointed a Fellow at the Burkle Center for International Relations at [[UCLA]]. He is a member of the guiding coalition of the [[Project on National Security Reform]]. In 2000 he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/02/us/wesley-clark-fast-facts/index.html\|title=Wesley Clark Fast Facts\|last=Library\|first=CNN\|publisher=CNN\|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> In 2013, General Clark was awarded the [[Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award]] jointly presented by the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation]] and the [http://www.globalpanel.org Global Panel Foundation] . With the death of [[List of Nobel laureates by country\|Nobel Laureate]] [[F. W. de Klerk\|F.W. de Klerk]], Clark became the second Honorary Chair of the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation\|Prague Society]]. He is also on the Advisory Board of the [http://www.globalpanel.org Global Panel Foundation].

	{{cite web\|title=List of Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award Winners\|publisher=Prague Society\|url=http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|access-date=September 9, 2014\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903124001/http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|archive-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref>		{{cite web\|title=List of Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award Winners\|publisher=Prague Society\|url=http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|access-date=September 9, 2014\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903124001/http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|archive-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref>

Schazjmd: Reverted 1 edit by 87.116.164.149 (talk): Unsourced, not supported in body

2024-10-24T14:01:24Z

Reverted 1 edit by 87.116.164.149 (talk): Unsourced, not supported in body

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:01, 24 October 2024
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	\| awards = ''[[List of awards and nominations received by Wesley Clark\|See all]]''		\| awards = ''[[List of awards and nominations received by Wesley Clark\|See all]]''
	\| spouse = {{marriage\|Gertrude Kingston\|1967}}		\| spouse = {{marriage\|Gertrude Kingston\|1967}}
	\| nickname = Butcher of Belgrade
	\| alma_mater = [[United States Military Academy]] ([[Bachelor of Science\|BS]])<br />[[Magdalen College, Oxford]] ([[Bachelor of Arts\|BA]])<br />[[U.S. Army Command and General Staff College]] ([[Master of Military Art and Science\|MMAS]])		\| alma_mater = [[United States Military Academy]] ([[Bachelor of Science\|BS]])<br />[[Magdalen College, Oxford]] ([[Bachelor of Arts\|BA]])<br />[[U.S. Army Command and General Staff College]] ([[Master of Military Art and Science\|MMAS]])
	\| signature = Wesley Clark signature.gif		\| signature = Wesley Clark signature.gif

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2024-10-24T09:43:47Z

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:43, 24 October 2024
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	\| awards = ''[[List of awards and nominations received by Wesley Clark\|See all]]''		\| awards = ''[[List of awards and nominations received by Wesley Clark\|See all]]''
	\| spouse = {{marriage\|Gertrude Kingston\|1967}}		\| spouse = {{marriage\|Gertrude Kingston\|1967}}
			\| nickname = Butcher of Belgrade
	\| alma_mater = [[United States Military Academy]] ([[Bachelor of Science\|BS]])<br />[[Magdalen College, Oxford]] ([[Bachelor of Arts\|BA]])<br />[[U.S. Army Command and General Staff College]] ([[Master of Military Art and Science\|MMAS]])		\| alma_mater = [[United States Military Academy]] ([[Bachelor of Science\|BS]])<br />[[Magdalen College, Oxford]] ([[Bachelor of Arts\|BA]])<br />[[U.S. Army Command and General Staff College]] ([[Master of Military Art and Science\|MMAS]])
	\| signature = Wesley Clark signature.gif		\| signature = Wesley Clark signature.gif

Natg 19: fix link

2024-08-27T21:00:15Z

fix link

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:00, 27 August 2024
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	The British commander of the Kosovo Force, General [[Mike Jackson (British Army officer)\|Mike Jackson]], however, refused to allow the British forces led by Captain [[James Blunt]] to block the Russians through military action saying "I'm not going to start the [[Third World War]] for you."<ref>{{cite news \|last=Grice \|first=Elizabeth \|date=September 1, 2007 \|title=General Sir Mike Jackson speaks out \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1561897/General-Sir-Mike-Jackson-speaks-out.html \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1561897/General-Sir-Mike-Jackson-speaks-out.html \|archive-date=January 12, 2022 \|url-access=subscription \|url-status=live \|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00vv121 "James Blunt, General Sir Mike Jackson; Nov 14, 10"], BBC "Pienaar's Politics" (long audio file)</ref><ref name=blunt /> Jackson has said he refused to take action because he did not believe it was worth the risk of a military confrontation with the Russians, instead insisting that troops encircle the airfield. The stand-off lasted two weeks. Russian forces continued to occupy the airport, until eventually an agreement was secured for them to be integrated into peace-keeping duties, while remaining outside of NATO command.<ref name=blunt>{{cite web\|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/how-james-blunt-saved-us-from-world-war-3-2134203.html\|title=How James Blunt saved us from World War 3\|date=November 15, 2010\|website=The Independent}}</ref>		The British commander of the Kosovo Force, General [[Mike Jackson (British Army officer)\|Mike Jackson]], however, refused to allow the British forces led by Captain [[James Blunt]] to block the Russians through military action saying "I'm not going to start the [[Third World War]] for you."<ref>{{cite news \|last=Grice \|first=Elizabeth \|date=September 1, 2007 \|title=General Sir Mike Jackson speaks out \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1561897/General-Sir-Mike-Jackson-speaks-out.html \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1561897/General-Sir-Mike-Jackson-speaks-out.html \|archive-date=January 12, 2022 \|url-access=subscription \|url-status=live \|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00vv121 "James Blunt, General Sir Mike Jackson; Nov 14, 10"], BBC "Pienaar's Politics" (long audio file)</ref><ref name=blunt /> Jackson has said he refused to take action because he did not believe it was worth the risk of a military confrontation with the Russians, instead insisting that troops encircle the airfield. The stand-off lasted two weeks. Russian forces continued to occupy the airport, until eventually an agreement was secured for them to be integrated into peace-keeping duties, while remaining outside of NATO command.<ref name=blunt>{{cite web\|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/how-james-blunt-saved-us-from-world-war-3-2134203.html\|title=How James Blunt saved us from World War 3\|date=November 15, 2010\|website=The Independent}}</ref>

	Jackson's refusal was criticized by some senior U.S. military personnel, with General [[Hugh Shelton]] calling it "troubling". During hearings in the [[United States Senate]], Senator [[John Warner]] suggested that the refusal might have been illegal, and that if it was legal, rules potentially should be changed.<ref>{{cite news \|last=Becker \|first=Elizabeth \|author-link=Elizabeth Becker \|date=September 10, 1999 \|title=U.S. General Was Overruled in Kosovo \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/10/world/us-general-was-overruled-in-kosovo.html \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|access-date=May 11, 2015}}</ref> Still, British [[Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)\|Chief of the Defence Staff]] [[Charles Guthrie, Baron Guthrie of Craigiebank\|Charles Guthrie]] agreed with Jackson.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/conversation/jan-june01/clark_06-15.html Online Newshour: Waging Modern War] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128232228/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/conversation/jan-june01/clark_06-15.html \|date=November 28, 2010 }} interview by Margaret Warner for PBS on June 15, 2001. Retrieved February 3, 2007.</ref> Clark was subsequently ordered to step down from his position two months earlier than expected.<ref>{{cite news\|last=Tran\|first=Mark\|date=August 2, 1999\|title="I'm not going to start Third World War for you," Jackson told Clark\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/aug/02/balkans3\|access-date=May 4, 2019}}</ref> Jackson continued his career after the Pristina Incident: He was appointed [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] (1998), received the [[Distinguished Service Order]] (1999), became [[Commander-in-Chief, Land Command]] (2000), and finally, in 2003, [[Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)\|Chief of the General Staff]], the highest position in the British Army.		Jackson's refusal was criticized by some senior U.S. military personnel, with General [[Hugh Shelton]] calling it "troubling". During hearings in the [[United States Senate]], Senator [[John Warner]] suggested that the refusal might have been illegal, and that if it was legal, rules potentially should be changed.<ref>{{cite news \|last=Becker \|first=Elizabeth \|author-link=Elizabeth Becker (journalist) \|date=September 10, 1999 \|title=U.S. General Was Overruled in Kosovo \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/10/world/us-general-was-overruled-in-kosovo.html \|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] \|access-date=May 11, 2015}}</ref> Still, British [[Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)\|Chief of the Defence Staff]] [[Charles Guthrie, Baron Guthrie of Craigiebank\|Charles Guthrie]] agreed with Jackson.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/conversation/jan-june01/clark_06-15.html Online Newshour: Waging Modern War] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128232228/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/conversation/jan-june01/clark_06-15.html \|date=November 28, 2010 }} interview by Margaret Warner for PBS on June 15, 2001. Retrieved February 3, 2007.</ref> Clark was subsequently ordered to step down from his position two months earlier than expected.<ref>{{cite news\|last=Tran\|first=Mark\|date=August 2, 1999\|title="I'm not going to start Third World War for you," Jackson told Clark\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/aug/02/balkans3\|access-date=May 4, 2019}}</ref> Jackson continued his career after the Pristina Incident: He was appointed [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] (1998), received the [[Distinguished Service Order]] (1999), became [[Commander-in-Chief, Land Command]] (2000), and finally, in 2003, [[Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)\|Chief of the General Staff]], the highest position in the British Army.

	===Retirement===		===Retirement===

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	Clark received another call from General Shelton in July 1999 in which he was told that Secretary Cohen wanted Clark to leave his command in April 2000, less than three years after he assumed the post. Clark was surprised by this, because he believed SACEURs were expected to serve at least three years.<ref>Clark, ''Waging'', p. 408.</ref> Clark was told that this was necessary because General [[Joseph Ralston]] was leaving his post as the [[Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] and would need another 4-star command within 60 days or he would be forced to retire. Ralston was not going to be appointed [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] due to an extramarital affair in his past, and the SACEUR position was said to be the last potential post for him.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/US/9706/09/ralston.update/index.html Ralston withdraws name from consideration] by [[Wolf Blitzer]] and Carl Rochelle on June 9, 1997. Retrieved March 3, 2007.</ref> Clark said this explanation "didn't wash"; he believed the legal issues did not necessarily bar him from a full term.<ref>Clark, ''Waging'', p. 409.</ref> Clinton signed on to Ralston's reassignment, although [[David Halberstam]] wrote that the president and Madeleine Albright were angered at Clark's treatment. Clark spent the remainder of his time as SACEUR overseeing peacekeeper forces and, without a new command to take, was forced into retirement from the military on May 2, 2000.<ref>[http://www.nato.int/shape/bios/saceur/ralston.htm Ralston's bio] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926220510/http://www.nato.int/shape/bios/saceur/ralston.htm \|date=September 26, 2011 }} from the NATO website. Last updated January 20, 2003. When Ralston is listed as taking the USEUCOM position (May 2, 2000) Clark no longer has a command.</ref><ref>Felix, pp. 147–50.</ref>		Clark received another call from General Shelton in July 1999 in which he was told that Secretary Cohen wanted Clark to leave his command in April 2000, less than three years after he assumed the post. Clark was surprised by this, because he believed SACEURs were expected to serve at least three years.<ref>Clark, ''Waging'', p. 408.</ref> Clark was told that this was necessary because General [[Joseph Ralston]] was leaving his post as the [[Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] and would need another 4-star command within 60 days or he would be forced to retire. Ralston was not going to be appointed [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] due to an extramarital affair in his past, and the SACEUR position was said to be the last potential post for him.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/US/9706/09/ralston.update/index.html Ralston withdraws name from consideration] by [[Wolf Blitzer]] and Carl Rochelle on June 9, 1997. Retrieved March 3, 2007.</ref> Clark said this explanation "didn't wash"; he believed the legal issues did not necessarily bar him from a full term.<ref>Clark, ''Waging'', p. 409.</ref> Clinton signed on to Ralston's reassignment, although [[David Halberstam]] wrote that the president and Madeleine Albright were angered at Clark's treatment. Clark spent the remainder of his time as SACEUR overseeing peacekeeper forces and, without a new command to take, was forced into retirement from the military on May 2, 2000.<ref>[http://www.nato.int/shape/bios/saceur/ralston.htm Ralston's bio] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926220510/http://www.nato.int/shape/bios/saceur/ralston.htm \|date=September 26, 2011 }} from the NATO website. Last updated January 20, 2003. When Ralston is listed as taking the USEUCOM position (May 2, 2000) Clark no longer has a command.</ref><ref>Felix, pp. 147–50.</ref>

	Rumors persisted that Clark was forced out due to his contentious relationship with some in Washington, D.C.; however, he has dismissed such rumors, calling it a "routine personnel action". The Department of Defense said it was merely a "general rotation of American senior ranks".<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/407040.stm \|title=Nato commander denies snub \|work=BBC News \|date=July 29, 1999 \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> However, a NATO ambassador told the ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'' that Clark's dismissal seemed to be a "political thing from the United States".<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/1999/07/29/clark.2.t_0.php General's Early Exit Upsets NATO] by Joseph Fitchett for the ''International Herald Tribune'' on July 29, 1999. Retrieved February 3, 2007.</ref> General Shelton, working for the competing presidential campaign of [[John Edwards]] in 2003–2004,<ref>{{cite news\|url=~~http~~://~~articles~~.latimes.com/~~2003~~/dec/07~~/opinion/~~op-arkin7\|title=The General Unease With Wesley Clark\|first=William\|last= Arkin\|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]\|date=December 7, 2003\|access-date=October 27, 2011}}</ref> said of Clark during his 2004 campaign that "the reason he came out of Europe early had to do with integrity and character issues, things that are very near and dear to my heart. I'm not going to say whether I'm a [[Republican Party (United States)\|Republican]] or a [[Democratic Party (United States)\|Democrat]]. I'll just say Wes won't get my vote."<ref>[http://www.losaltosonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12066&Itemid=47 Gen. Shelton shocks Celebrity Forum, says he won't support Clark for president] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721035234/http://www.losaltosonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12066&Itemid=47 \|date=July 21, 2011 }} by Joan Garvin on September 24, 2003. Retrieved December 1, 2008.</ref> Shelton never elaborated further on what these issues were.<ref>Felix, p. 202.</ref>		Rumors persisted that Clark was forced out due to his contentious relationship with some in Washington, D.C.; however, he has dismissed such rumors, calling it a "routine personnel action". The Department of Defense said it was merely a "general rotation of American senior ranks".<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/407040.stm \|title=Nato commander denies snub \|work=BBC News \|date=July 29, 1999 \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> However, a NATO ambassador told the ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'' that Clark's dismissal seemed to be a "political thing from the United States".<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/1999/07/29/clark.2.t_0.php General's Early Exit Upsets NATO] by Joseph Fitchett for the ''International Herald Tribune'' on July 29, 1999. Retrieved February 3, 2007.</ref> General Shelton, working for the competing presidential campaign of [[John Edwards]] in 2003–2004,<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-dec-07-op-arkin7-story.html\|title=The General Unease With Wesley Clark\|first=William\|last= Arkin\|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]\|date=December 7, 2003\|access-date=October 27, 2011}}</ref> said of Clark during his 2004 campaign that "the reason he came out of Europe early had to do with integrity and character issues, things that are very near and dear to my heart. I'm not going to say whether I'm a [[Republican Party (United States)\|Republican]] or a [[Democratic Party (United States)\|Democrat]]. I'll just say Wes won't get my vote."<ref>[http://www.losaltosonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12066&Itemid=47 Gen. Shelton shocks Celebrity Forum, says he won't support Clark for president] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721035234/http://www.losaltosonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12066&Itemid=47 \|date=July 21, 2011 }} by Joan Garvin on September 24, 2003. Retrieved December 1, 2008.</ref> Shelton never elaborated further on what these issues were.<ref>Felix, p. 202.</ref>

	==Civilian career==		==Civilian career==

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	===Tiversa===		===Tiversa===
	In July 2007, Clark testified before the [[United States House Committee on Oversight and Accountability]] about the discovery of classified information on file-sharing networks by the cybersecurity firm [[Tiversa]], where he served on the board of advisers.<ref>{{cite web \| title=Advisors \| accessdate=April 1, 2023 \| url=http://www.tiversa.com/about/advisors.html \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701231255/http://www.tiversa.com/about/advisors.html \| archive-date=July 1, 2007 \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \| last=Rugaber \| first=Christopher \| title=House panel scrutinizes threats of file-sharing \| date=July 24, 2007 \| url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna19936935 \| publisher=NBC News \| quote="The American people would be totally outraged if they were aware of what is inadvertently shared ... by government agencies," said retired Gen. Wesley Clark, who is on the advisory board of Tiversa Inc., a data security company. Clark did not name the defense contractors whose computing passwords were compromised. }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine \| last=Katchadourian \| first=Raffa \| title=A Cybersecurity Firm's Sharp Rise and Stunning Collapse \| date=October 28, 2019 \| url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/11/04/a-cybersecurity-firms-sharp-rise-and-stunning-collapse \| magazine=[[The New Yorker]] \| quote=In 2006, a more significant investor signed on: Adams Capital Management, named for its founder Joel Adams, a Pittsburgh venture capitalist. [...] Adams Capital invested more than four million in Tiversa, and helped secure an all-star board of advisers. Maynard Webb, the former eBay executive and chairman of Yahoo!, joined, and he brought on other executives from Silicon Valley. Howard Schmidt became an adviser, and soon afterward was appointed the cybersecurity czar for the Obama Administration. General Wesley Clark, the former Supreme Allied Commander of nato, came on, and developed a good rapport with Boback, who sold his practice to devote himself to Tiversa full time. }}</ref>		In July 2007, Clark testified before the [[United States House Committee on Oversight and Accountability]] about the discovery of classified information on file-sharing networks by the cybersecurity firm [[Tiversa]], where he served on the board of advisers.<ref>{{cite web \| title=Advisors \| accessdate=April 1, 2023 \| url=http://www.tiversa.com/about/advisors.html \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701231255/http://www.tiversa.com/about/advisors.html \| archive-date=July 1, 2007 \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \| last=Rugaber \| first=Christopher \| title=House panel scrutinizes threats of file-sharing \| date=July 24, 2007 \| url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna19936935 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924011612/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna19936935 \| url-status=dead \| archive-date=September 24, 2021 \| publisher=NBC News \| quote="The American people would be totally outraged if they were aware of what is inadvertently shared ... by government agencies," said retired Gen. Wesley Clark, who is on the advisory board of Tiversa Inc., a data security company. Clark did not name the defense contractors whose computing passwords were compromised. }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine \| last=Katchadourian \| first=Raffa \| title=A Cybersecurity Firm's Sharp Rise and Stunning Collapse \| date=October 28, 2019 \| url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/11/04/a-cybersecurity-firms-sharp-rise-and-stunning-collapse \| magazine=[[The New Yorker]] \| quote=In 2006, a more significant investor signed on: Adams Capital Management, named for its founder Joel Adams, a Pittsburgh venture capitalist. [...] Adams Capital invested more than four million in Tiversa, and helped secure an all-star board of advisers. Maynard Webb, the former eBay executive and chairman of Yahoo!, joined, and he brought on other executives from Silicon Valley. Howard Schmidt became an adviser, and soon afterward was appointed the cybersecurity czar for the Obama Administration. General Wesley Clark, the former Supreme Allied Commander of nato, came on, and developed a good rapport with Boback, who sold his practice to devote himself to Tiversa full time. }}</ref>

	===Speculation of 2008 presidential campaign===		===Speculation of 2008 presidential campaign===
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	===McCain military service controversy===		===McCain military service controversy===
	On June 29, 2008, Clark made comments on ''[[Face the Nation]]'' that were critical of Republican [[John McCain]], calling into question the notion that McCain's military service alone had given him experience relevant to being president. "I certainly honor [McCain's] service as a prisoner of war", Clark said, "but he hasn't held executive responsibility. That large squadron in the Navy that he commanded—it wasn't a wartime squadron. He hasn't been in there and ordered the bombs to fall."<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/qRwsk56lN44 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20080702181016/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRwsk56lN44 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRwsk56lN44 \|title=TPMtv: Wesley Clark Hyperventorama \|via=YouTube \|date=July 1, 2008 \|access-date=March 5, 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref> When moderator [[Bob Schieffer]] noted that Obama had no military experience to prepare him for the presidency nor had he "ridden in a fighter plane and gotten shot down", Clark responded that, ultimately, Obama had not based his presidential bid on his military experience, as McCain has done throughout his campaign. Clark's retort, however, is what drew rebuke. In referring to McCain's military experience, he stated: "Well, I don't think riding in a fighter plane and getting shot down is a qualification to be president."<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.cjr.org/campaign_desk/attacking_mccains_military_rec.php \|title="Attacking" McCain's Military Record \|publisher=CJR \|access-date=March 5, 2009}}</ref> Both the McCain and Obama campaigns subsequently released statements rejecting Clark's comment. However, Clark has received the backing of several prominent liberal groups such as MoveOn.org and military veteran groups such as [[VoteVets.org]]; Obama ultimately stated that Clark's comments were "inartful" and were not intended to attack McCain's military service.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0708/Obama_Clark_was_inartful.html \|title=Retrieved July 7, 2008 \|work=Politico \|date=July 2008 \|access-date=March 5, 2009}}</ref> In the days following the controversial interview, Clark went on several news programs to reiterate his true admiration and heartfelt support for McCain's military service as a fellow veteran who had been wounded in combat.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/politics/2008/07/01/tsr.intv.clark.cnn?iref=videosearch \|title=Retrieved July 8, 2008 \|publisher=CNN \|date=November 16, 2006 \|access-date=March 5, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/21134540 \|title=Retrieved July 8, 2008 \|work=NBC News \|access-date=March 5, 2009}}</ref> In each program, Clark reminded the commentator and the viewing public that while he honored McCain's service, he had serious concerns about McCain's judgment in matters of national security policy, calling McCain "untested and untried".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/21134540 \|title=Retrieved July 8, 2008 \|work=NBC News \|access-date=March 5, 2009}}</ref>		On June 29, 2008, Clark made comments on ''[[Face the Nation]]'' that were critical of Republican [[John McCain]], calling into question the notion that McCain's military service alone had given him experience relevant to being president. "I certainly honor [McCain's] service as a prisoner of war", Clark said, "but he hasn't held executive responsibility. That large squadron in the Navy that he commanded—it wasn't a wartime squadron. He hasn't been in there and ordered the bombs to fall."<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/qRwsk56lN44 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20080702181016/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRwsk56lN44 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRwsk56lN44 \|title=TPMtv: Wesley Clark Hyperventorama \|via=YouTube \|date=July 1, 2008 \|access-date=March 5, 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref> When moderator [[Bob Schieffer]] noted that Obama had no military experience to prepare him for the presidency nor had he "ridden in a fighter plane and gotten shot down", Clark responded that, ultimately, Obama had not based his presidential bid on his military experience, as McCain has done throughout his campaign. Clark's retort, however, is what drew rebuke. In referring to McCain's military experience, he stated: "Well, I don't think riding in a fighter plane and getting shot down is a qualification to be president."<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.cjr.org/campaign_desk/attacking_mccains_military_rec.php \|title="Attacking" McCain's Military Record \|publisher=CJR \|access-date=March 5, 2009}}</ref> Both the McCain and Obama campaigns subsequently released statements rejecting Clark's comment. However, Clark has received the backing of several prominent liberal groups such as MoveOn.org and military veteran groups such as [[VoteVets.org]]; Obama ultimately stated that Clark's comments were "inartful" and were not intended to attack McCain's military service.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0708/Obama_Clark_was_inartful.html \|title=Retrieved July 7, 2008 \|work=Politico \|date=July 2008 \|access-date=March 5, 2009}}</ref> In the days following the controversial interview, Clark went on several news programs to reiterate his true admiration and heartfelt support for McCain's military service as a fellow veteran who had been wounded in combat.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/politics/2008/07/01/tsr.intv.clark.cnn?iref=videosearch \|title=Retrieved July 8, 2008 \|publisher=CNN \|date=November 16, 2006 \|access-date=March 5, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/21134540 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129090138/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/21134540/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=January 29, 2013 \|title=Retrieved July 8, 2008 \|work=NBC News \|access-date=March 5, 2009}}</ref> In each program, Clark reminded the commentator and the viewing public that while he honored McCain's service, he had serious concerns about McCain's judgment in matters of national security policy, calling McCain "untested and untried".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/21134540 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129090138/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/21134540/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=January 29, 2013 \|title=Retrieved July 8, 2008 \|work=NBC News \|access-date=March 5, 2009}}</ref>

	===Book on modern wars===		===Book on modern wars===
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	==Awards and honors==		==Awards and honors==
	{{See also\|List of Wesley Clark awards and honors}}		{{See also\|List of Wesley Clark awards and honors}}
	Wesley Clark has been awarded numerous honors, awards, and knighthoods over the course of his military and civilian career. Notable military awards include the [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]] with four [[oak leaf cluster]]s, the [[Legion of Merit]] with three oak leaf clusters, the [[Silver Star]], and the [[Bronze Star Medal\|Bronze Star]] with an oak leaf cluster.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 U.S. Military decorations] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104083705/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 \|date=November 4, 2006 }}</ref> Internationally Clark has received numerous civilian honors such as the [[Bundesverdienstkreuz\|Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] and military honors such as the Grand Cross of the [[Medal of Military Merit (Portugal)\|Medal of Military Merit]] from [[Portugal]] and knighthoods.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 International honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030407/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> Clark has been awarded some honors as a civilian, such as the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement\|American Academy of Achievement]] presented by Awards Council member and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General [[John Shalikashvili]], in 1998,<ref>{{cite web\|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement \|website=www.achievement.org\|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]\|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref> and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 2000.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 Civilian honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030350/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> The people of [[Gjakova]], Kosovo, named a street after him for his role in helping their city and country.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|title=4th image down from \|publisher=Awesclarkdemocrat.com \|access-date=August 15, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728172632/http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kosovareport.blogspot.com/2006/05/former-nato-commander-retired-gen.html \|title=Former NATO commander, retired Gen. Wesley Clark to visit Kosovo \|publisher=Kosovareport.blogspot.com \|date=May 24, 2006 \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> The city of [[Madison, Alabama\|Madison]] in [[Alabama]] has also named a boulevard after Clark.<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22wesley+clark+blvd%22+alabama Google search results] containing real estate listings for Wesley Clark Blvd in Madison, Alabama.</ref><ref>[~~http~~://www.nbcnews.com/id/~~13100686~~ Transcript] of ''Countdown with Keith Olbermann'' show on NBC News where he mentions road named after Clark in Alabama.</ref> Municipal approval has been granted for the construction of a new street to be named "General Clark Court" in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]].<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 Announcement] by architect upon completion of negotiations granting municipal approval for construction of "General Clark Court" in Northern Village subsection in Virginia Beach area of the state of Virginia. {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000028/http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 \|date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref>		Wesley Clark has been awarded numerous honors, awards, and knighthoods over the course of his military and civilian career. Notable military awards include the [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]] with four [[oak leaf cluster]]s, the [[Legion of Merit]] with three oak leaf clusters, the [[Silver Star]], and the [[Bronze Star Medal\|Bronze Star]] with an oak leaf cluster.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 U.S. Military decorations] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104083705/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 \|date=November 4, 2006 }}</ref> Internationally Clark has received numerous civilian honors such as the [[Bundesverdienstkreuz\|Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] and military honors such as the Grand Cross of the [[Medal of Military Merit (Portugal)\|Medal of Military Merit]] from [[Portugal]] and knighthoods.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 International honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030407/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> Clark has been awarded some honors as a civilian, such as the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement\|American Academy of Achievement]] presented by Awards Council member and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General [[John Shalikashvili]], in 1998,<ref>{{cite web\|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement \|website=www.achievement.org\|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]\|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref> and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 2000.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 Civilian honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030350/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> The people of [[Gjakova]], Kosovo, named a street after him for his role in helping their city and country.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|title=4th image down from \|publisher=Awesclarkdemocrat.com \|access-date=August 15, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728172632/http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kosovareport.blogspot.com/2006/05/former-nato-commander-retired-gen.html \|title=Former NATO commander, retired Gen. Wesley Clark to visit Kosovo \|publisher=Kosovareport.blogspot.com \|date=May 24, 2006 \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> The city of [[Madison, Alabama\|Madison]] in [[Alabama]] has also named a boulevard after Clark.<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22wesley+clark+blvd%22+alabama Google search results] containing real estate listings for Wesley Clark Blvd in Madison, Alabama.</ref><ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna13100686 Transcript] of ''Countdown with Keith Olbermann'' show on NBC News where he mentions road named after Clark in Alabama.</ref> Municipal approval has been granted for the construction of a new street to be named "General Clark Court" in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]].<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 Announcement] by architect upon completion of negotiations granting municipal approval for construction of "General Clark Court" in Northern Village subsection in Virginia Beach area of the state of Virginia. {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000028/http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 \|date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref>
	He has also been appointed a Fellow at the Burkle Center for International Relations at [[UCLA]]. He is a member of the guiding coalition of the [[Project on National Security Reform]]. In 2000 he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/02/us/wesley-clark-fast-facts/index.html\|title=Wesley Clark Fast Facts\|last=Library\|first=CNN\|publisher=CNN\|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> In 2013, General Clark was awarded the [[Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award]] jointly presented by the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation]] and Global Panel Foundation .<ref>		He has also been appointed a Fellow at the Burkle Center for International Relations at [[UCLA]]. He is a member of the guiding coalition of the [[Project on National Security Reform]]. In 2000 he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/02/us/wesley-clark-fast-facts/index.html\|title=Wesley Clark Fast Facts\|last=Library\|first=CNN\|publisher=CNN\|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> In 2013, General Clark was awarded the [[Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award]] jointly presented by the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation]] and Global Panel Foundation .<ref>

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	[[File:Wesley Clark 1star portrait.JPG\|thumb\|left\|upright\|Portrait of Brigadier General Clark as a commander at Fort Irwin]]		[[File:Wesley Clark 1star portrait.JPG\|thumb\|left\|upright\|Portrait of Brigadier General Clark as a commander at Fort Irwin]]
	Following his graduation, Clark worked in Washington, D.C., from July 1983 to 1984 in the offices of the [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army\|Chief and Deputy Chiefs of Staff of the United States Army]], earning a second Legion of Merit for his work. He then served as the Operations Group commander at the [[Fort Irwin Military Reservation]] from August 1984 to June 1986. He was awarded another Legion of Merit and a [[Meritorious Service Medal (United States)\|Meritorious Service Medal]] for his work at Fort Irwin and was given a brigade command at Fort Carson in 1986. He commanded the 3rd Brigade, [[4th Infantry Division (United States)\|4th Infantry Division]] there from April 1986 to March 1988. Veneta Clark, Wesley's mother, died of a heart attack on [[Mother's Day]] in 1986. Regarding his term as brigade commander, one of his battalion commanders called Clark the "most brilliant and gifted officer [he'd] ever known".<ref>Felix, pp. 97–102.</ref> After Fort Carson, Clark returned to the Command and General Staff College to direct and further develop the Battle Command Training Program (BCTP) there until October 1989. The BCTP was created to use escalation training to teach senior officers war-fighting skills, according to the commanding general at the time.<ref>Further information on the BCTP can be found at [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/ctc-bctp.htm Warfighter / Battle Command Training Program Exercises]. ''Global Security''. Retrieved February 9, 2007.</ref> On November 1, 1989, Clark was promoted to [[Brigadier General#United States\|brigadier general]].<ref name="confirmbio"/><ref>Felix, pp. 110–16.</ref>		Following his graduation, Clark worked in Washington, D.C., from July 1983 to 1984 in the offices of the [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army\|Chief and Deputy Chiefs of Staff of the United States Army]], earning a second Legion of Merit for his work. He then served as the Operations Group commander at the [[Fort Irwin Military Reservation]] from August 1984 to June 1986. He was awarded another Legion of Merit and a [[Meritorious Service Medal (United States)\|Meritorious Service Medal]] for his work at Fort Irwin and was given a brigade command at Fort Carson in 1986. He commanded the 3rd Brigade, [[4th Infantry Division (United States)\|4th Infantry Division]] there from April 1986 to March 1988. Veneta Clark, Wesley's mother, died of a heart attack on [[Mother's Day]] in 1986. Regarding his term as brigade commander, one of his battalion commanders called Clark the "most brilliant and gifted officer [he'd] ever known".<ref>Felix, pp. 97–102.</ref> After Fort Carson, Clark returned to the Command and General Staff College to direct and further develop the Battle Command Training Program (BCTP) there until October 1989. The BCTP was created to use escalation training to teach senior officers war-fighting skills, according to the commanding general at the time. On November 1, 1989, Clark was promoted to [[Brigadier General#United States\|brigadier general]].<ref name="confirmbio"/><ref>Felix, pp. 110–16.</ref>

	Clark returned to Fort Irwin and commanded the [[Fort Irwin Military Reservation\|National Training Center]] (NTC) from October 1989 to 1991. The [[Gulf War]] occurred during Clark's command, and many [[United States National Guard\|National Guard]] divisional round-out brigades trained under his command. Multiple generals commanding American forces in [[Iraq]] and [[Kuwait]] said Clark's training helped bring about results in the field and that he had successfully begun training a new generation of the military that had moved past Vietnam-era strategy. He was awarded another Legion of Merit for his "personal efforts" that were "instrumental in maintaining" the NTC, according to the citation. He served in a planning post after this, as the deputy chief of staff for concepts, doctrine, and developments at [[United States Army Training and Doctrine Command\|Training and Doctrine Command]] (TRADOC) at [[Fort Monroe\|Fort Monroe, Virginia]]. While there, he helped the commanding general of TRADOC prepare the army for war and develop new post-[[Cold War]] strategies. Clark pushed for technological advancement in the army to establish a [[computer network\|digital network]] for military command, which he called the "digitization of the battlefield".<ref>"Digitization: Key to Landpower Dominance," by Wesley Clark for ''Army'' magazine, November 1993.</ref> He was promoted to [[Major General#United States\|major general]] in October 1992 at the end of this command.<ref name="confirmbio"/><ref>Felix, pp. 116–20.</ref>		Clark returned to Fort Irwin and commanded the [[Fort Irwin Military Reservation\|National Training Center]] (NTC) from October 1989 to 1991. The [[Gulf War]] occurred during Clark's command, and many [[United States National Guard\|National Guard]] divisional round-out brigades trained under his command. Multiple generals commanding American forces in [[Iraq]] and [[Kuwait]] said Clark's training helped bring about results in the field and that he had successfully begun training a new generation of the military that had moved past Vietnam-era strategy. He was awarded another Legion of Merit for his "personal efforts" that were "instrumental in maintaining" the NTC, according to the citation. He served in a planning post after this, as the deputy chief of staff for concepts, doctrine, and developments at [[United States Army Training and Doctrine Command\|Training and Doctrine Command]] (TRADOC) at [[Fort Monroe\|Fort Monroe, Virginia]]. While there, he helped the commanding general of TRADOC prepare the army for war and develop new post-[[Cold War]] strategies. Clark pushed for technological advancement in the army to establish a [[computer network\|digital network]] for military command, which he called the "digitization of the battlefield".<ref>"Digitization: Key to Landpower Dominance," by Wesley Clark for ''Army'' magazine, November 1993.</ref> He was promoted to [[Major General#United States\|major general]] in October 1992 at the end of this command.<ref name="confirmbio"/><ref>Felix, pp. 116–20.</ref>

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	==Early life and education==		==Early life and education==
	Clark's father's family was Jewish; his paternal grandparents, Jacob Kanne and Ida Goldman, [[Immigration to the United States\|immigrated]] to the United States from [[History of the Jews in Belarus\|Belarus]], then part of the [[Russian Empire]],<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJ94AAAAMAAJ&q=%22Ida+Goldman%22+Clark\|title = Wesley K. Clark: A Biography\|isbn = 9781557046253\|last1 = Felix\|first1 = Antonia\|date = May 19, 2004\| publisher=HarperCollins }}</ref> in response to the [[Pale of Settlement]] and [[Antisemitism\|anti-Jewish]] violence from [[Russian Empire\|Russian]] [[pogrom]]s. Clark's father, Benjamin Jacob Kanne, graduated from the [[Chicago-Kent College of Law]] and served in the [[United States Navy Reserve\|U.S. Naval Reserve]] as an [[Ensign (rank)#United States\|ensign]] during World War I, although he never participated in combat. Kanne, living in [[Chicago]], became involved with [[Wards of the United States\|ward politics]] in the 1920s as a prosecutor and served in local offices. He served as a delegate to the [[1932 Democratic National Convention]] that nominated [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] as the party's presidential candidate<ref>Felix, Antonia, ''Wesley Clark: A Biography''. Newmarket Press; New York, 2004. pp. 7–9.</ref> (though his name does not appear on the published roll of convention delegates). His mother was of [[English American\|English]] ancestry and was a Methodist.<ref>Official Report of the Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention, held at Chicago, Illinois, June 27 to July 2, inclusive, 1932</ref>		Clark's father's family was [[American Jews\|Jewish]]; his paternal grandparents, Jacob Kanne and Ida Goldman, [[Immigration to the United States\|immigrated]] to the United States from [[History of the Jews in Belarus\|Belarus]], then part of the [[Russian Empire]],<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJ94AAAAMAAJ&q=%22Ida+Goldman%22+Clark\|title = Wesley K. Clark: A Biography\|isbn = 9781557046253\|last1 = Felix\|first1 = Antonia\|date = May 19, 2004\| publisher=HarperCollins }}</ref> in response to the [[Pale of Settlement]] and [[Antisemitism\|anti-Jewish]] violence from [[Russian Empire\|Russian]] [[pogrom]]s. Clark's father, Benjamin Jacob Kanne, graduated from the [[Chicago-Kent College of Law]] and served in the [[United States Navy Reserve\|U.S. Naval Reserve]] as an [[Ensign (rank)#United States\|ensign]] during World War I, although he never participated in combat. Kanne, living in [[Chicago]], became involved with [[Wards of the United States\|ward politics]] in the 1920s as a prosecutor and served in local offices. He served as a delegate to the [[1932 Democratic National Convention]] that nominated [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] as the party's presidential candidate<ref>Felix, Antonia, ''Wesley Clark: A Biography''. Newmarket Press; New York, 2004. pp. 7–9.</ref> (though his name does not appear on the published roll of convention delegates). His mother was of [[English American\|English]] ancestry and was a Methodist.<ref>Official Report of the Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention, held at Chicago, Illinois, June 27 to July 2, inclusive, 1932</ref>

	Kanne came from the [[Kohen]] family line,<ref>Felix, pp. 12–3.</ref> and Clark's son has characterized Clark's parents' marriage, between his [[Methodism\|Methodist]] mother, Veneta (née Updegraff), and his Jewish father, Benjamin Jacob Kanne,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.clark04.com/about/ \|title=Clark 2004 biography \|publisher=Clark04.com \|access-date=August 15, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026152910/http://www.clark04.com/about/ \|archive-date=October 26, 2008 }}</ref> as "about as multicultural as you could've gotten in 1944".<ref name="AmerSon">''[http://a471.g.akamai.net/7/471/9997/v0001/clark.download.akamai.com/9997/preview/AmericanSon_hi.wmv American Son] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811012446/http://a471.g.akamai.net/7/471/9997/v0001/clark.download.akamai.com/9997/preview/AmericanSon_hi.wmv \|date=August 11, 2011 }}'' by Linda Bloodworth. Produced by Linda Burstyn, Cathee Weiss and Douglas Jackson; edited by Gregg Featherman.</ref>		Kanne came from the [[Kohen]] family line,<ref>Felix, pp. 12–3.</ref> and Clark's son has characterized Clark's parents' marriage, between his [[Methodism\|Methodist]] mother, Veneta (née Updegraff), and his Jewish father, Benjamin Jacob Kanne,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.clark04.com/about/ \|title=Clark 2004 biography \|publisher=Clark04.com \|access-date=August 15, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026152910/http://www.clark04.com/about/ \|archive-date=October 26, 2008 }}</ref> as "about as multicultural as you could've gotten in 1944".<ref name="AmerSon">''[http://a471.g.akamai.net/7/471/9997/v0001/clark.download.akamai.com/9997/preview/AmericanSon_hi.wmv American Son] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811012446/http://a471.g.akamai.net/7/471/9997/v0001/clark.download.akamai.com/9997/preview/AmericanSon_hi.wmv \|date=August 11, 2011 }}'' by Linda Bloodworth. Produced by Linda Burstyn, Cathee Weiss and Douglas Jackson; edited by Gregg Featherman.</ref>

Segagustin at 03:23, 14 June 2024

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	\| name = Wesley Clark		\| name = Wesley Clark
	\| image = General Wesley Clark official photograph, edited.jpg		\| image = General Wesley Clark official photograph, edited.jpg
	\| caption = ~~Clark~~ ~~between~~ {{circa\|~~1997}} and {{circa\|2000~~}}		\| caption = Official portrait, {{circa\|1997–2000}}
	\| birth_date = {{birth date and age\|1944\|12\|23}}		\| birth_date = {{birth date and age\|1944\|12\|23}}
	\| death_date =		\| death_date =

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:10, 15 November 2024
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	{{See also\|List of Wesley Clark awards and honors}}		{{See also\|List of Wesley Clark awards and honors}}
	Wesley Clark has been awarded numerous honors, awards, and knighthoods over the course of his military and civilian career. Notable military awards include the [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]] with four [[oak leaf cluster]]s, the [[Legion of Merit]] with three oak leaf clusters, the [[Silver Star]], and the [[Bronze Star Medal\|Bronze Star]] with an oak leaf cluster.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 U.S. Military decorations] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104083705/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 \|date=November 4, 2006 }}</ref> Internationally Clark has received numerous civilian honors such as the [[Bundesverdienstkreuz\|Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] and military honors such as the Grand Cross of the [[Medal of Military Merit (Portugal)\|Medal of Military Merit]] from [[Portugal]] and knighthoods.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 International honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030407/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> Clark has been awarded some honors as a civilian, such as the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement\|American Academy of Achievement]] presented by Awards Council member and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General [[John Shalikashvili]], in 1998,<ref>{{cite web\|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement \|website=www.achievement.org\|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]\|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref> and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 2000.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 Civilian honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030350/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> The people of [[Gjakova]], Kosovo, named a street after him for his role in helping their city and country.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|title=4th image down from \|publisher=Awesclarkdemocrat.com \|access-date=August 15, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728172632/http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kosovareport.blogspot.com/2006/05/former-nato-commander-retired-gen.html \|title=Former NATO commander, retired Gen. Wesley Clark to visit Kosovo \|publisher=Kosovareport.blogspot.com \|date=May 24, 2006 \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> The city of [[Madison, Alabama\|Madison]] in [[Alabama]] has also named a boulevard after Clark.<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22wesley+clark+blvd%22+alabama Google search results] containing real estate listings for Wesley Clark Blvd in Madison, Alabama.</ref><ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna13100686 Transcript] of ''Countdown with Keith Olbermann'' show on NBC News where he mentions road named after Clark in Alabama.</ref> Municipal approval has been granted for the construction of a new street to be named "General Clark Court" in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]].<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 Announcement] by architect upon completion of negotiations granting municipal approval for construction of "General Clark Court" in Northern Village subsection in Virginia Beach area of the state of Virginia. {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000028/http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 \|date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref>		Wesley Clark has been awarded numerous honors, awards, and knighthoods over the course of his military and civilian career. Notable military awards include the [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]] with four [[oak leaf cluster]]s, the [[Legion of Merit]] with three oak leaf clusters, the [[Silver Star]], and the [[Bronze Star Medal\|Bronze Star]] with an oak leaf cluster.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 U.S. Military decorations] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104083705/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 \|date=November 4, 2006 }}</ref> Internationally Clark has received numerous civilian honors such as the [[Bundesverdienstkreuz\|Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] and military honors such as the Grand Cross of the [[Medal of Military Merit (Portugal)\|Medal of Military Merit]] from [[Portugal]] and knighthoods.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 International honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030407/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> Clark has been awarded some honors as a civilian, such as the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement\|American Academy of Achievement]] presented by Awards Council member and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General [[John Shalikashvili]], in 1998,<ref>{{cite web\|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement \|website=www.achievement.org\|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]\|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref> and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 2000.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 Civilian honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030350/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> The people of [[Gjakova]], Kosovo, named a street after him for his role in helping their city and country.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|title=4th image down from \|publisher=Awesclarkdemocrat.com \|access-date=August 15, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728172632/http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kosovareport.blogspot.com/2006/05/former-nato-commander-retired-gen.html \|title=Former NATO commander, retired Gen. Wesley Clark to visit Kosovo \|publisher=Kosovareport.blogspot.com \|date=May 24, 2006 \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> The city of [[Madison, Alabama\|Madison]] in [[Alabama]] has also named a boulevard after Clark.<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22wesley+clark+blvd%22+alabama Google search results] containing real estate listings for Wesley Clark Blvd in Madison, Alabama.</ref><ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna13100686 Transcript] of ''Countdown with Keith Olbermann'' show on NBC News where he mentions road named after Clark in Alabama.</ref> Municipal approval has been granted for the construction of a new street to be named "General Clark Court" in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]].<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 Announcement] by architect upon completion of negotiations granting municipal approval for construction of "General Clark Court" in Northern Village subsection in Virginia Beach area of the state of Virginia. {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000028/http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 \|date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref>
	He has also been appointed a Fellow at the Burkle Center for International Relations at [[UCLA]]. He is a member of the guiding coalition of the [[Project on National Security Reform]]. In 2000 he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/02/us/wesley-clark-fast-facts/index.html\|title=Wesley Clark Fast Facts\|last=Library\|first=CNN\|publisher=CNN\|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> In 2013, General Clark was awarded the [[Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award]] jointly presented by the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation]] and ~~the [http://www.globalpanel.org~~ Global Panel Foundation] . With the death of [[List of Nobel laureates by country\|Nobel Laureate]] [[F. W. de Klerk\|F.W. de Klerk]], Clark became the second Honorary Chair of the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation\|Prague Society]]. He is also on the Advisory Board of the [http://www.globalpanel.org Global Panel Foundation].		He has also been appointed a Fellow at the Burkle Center for International Relations at [[UCLA]]. He is a member of the guiding coalition of the [[Project on National Security Reform]]. In 2000 he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/02/us/wesley-clark-fast-facts/index.html\|title=Wesley Clark Fast Facts\|last=Library\|first=CNN\|publisher=CNN\|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> In 2013, General Clark was awarded the [[Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award]] jointly presented by the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation]] and Global Panel Foundation .<ref>

	{{cite web\|title=List of Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award Winners\|publisher=Prague Society\|url=http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|access-date=September 9, 2014\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903124001/http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|archive-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref>		{{cite web\|title=List of Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award Winners\|publisher=Prague Society\|url=http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|access-date=September 9, 2014\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903124001/http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|archive-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:03, 15 November 2024
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	{{See also\|List of Wesley Clark awards and honors}}		{{See also\|List of Wesley Clark awards and honors}}
	Wesley Clark has been awarded numerous honors, awards, and knighthoods over the course of his military and civilian career. Notable military awards include the [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]] with four [[oak leaf cluster]]s, the [[Legion of Merit]] with three oak leaf clusters, the [[Silver Star]], and the [[Bronze Star Medal\|Bronze Star]] with an oak leaf cluster.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 U.S. Military decorations] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104083705/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 \|date=November 4, 2006 }}</ref> Internationally Clark has received numerous civilian honors such as the [[Bundesverdienstkreuz\|Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] and military honors such as the Grand Cross of the [[Medal of Military Merit (Portugal)\|Medal of Military Merit]] from [[Portugal]] and knighthoods.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 International honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030407/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> Clark has been awarded some honors as a civilian, such as the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement\|American Academy of Achievement]] presented by Awards Council member and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General [[John Shalikashvili]], in 1998,<ref>{{cite web\|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement \|website=www.achievement.org\|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]\|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref> and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 2000.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 Civilian honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030350/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> The people of [[Gjakova]], Kosovo, named a street after him for his role in helping their city and country.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|title=4th image down from \|publisher=Awesclarkdemocrat.com \|access-date=August 15, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728172632/http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kosovareport.blogspot.com/2006/05/former-nato-commander-retired-gen.html \|title=Former NATO commander, retired Gen. Wesley Clark to visit Kosovo \|publisher=Kosovareport.blogspot.com \|date=May 24, 2006 \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> The city of [[Madison, Alabama\|Madison]] in [[Alabama]] has also named a boulevard after Clark.<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22wesley+clark+blvd%22+alabama Google search results] containing real estate listings for Wesley Clark Blvd in Madison, Alabama.</ref><ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna13100686 Transcript] of ''Countdown with Keith Olbermann'' show on NBC News where he mentions road named after Clark in Alabama.</ref> Municipal approval has been granted for the construction of a new street to be named "General Clark Court" in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]].<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 Announcement] by architect upon completion of negotiations granting municipal approval for construction of "General Clark Court" in Northern Village subsection in Virginia Beach area of the state of Virginia. {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000028/http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 \|date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref>		Wesley Clark has been awarded numerous honors, awards, and knighthoods over the course of his military and civilian career. Notable military awards include the [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]] with four [[oak leaf cluster]]s, the [[Legion of Merit]] with three oak leaf clusters, the [[Silver Star]], and the [[Bronze Star Medal\|Bronze Star]] with an oak leaf cluster.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 U.S. Military decorations] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104083705/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/81 \|date=November 4, 2006 }}</ref> Internationally Clark has received numerous civilian honors such as the [[Bundesverdienstkreuz\|Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] and military honors such as the Grand Cross of the [[Medal of Military Merit (Portugal)\|Medal of Military Merit]] from [[Portugal]] and knighthoods.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 International honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030407/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/82 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> Clark has been awarded some honors as a civilian, such as the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement\|American Academy of Achievement]] presented by Awards Council member and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General [[John Shalikashvili]], in 1998,<ref>{{cite web\|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement \|website=www.achievement.org\|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]\|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref> and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 2000.<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 Civilian honors] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717030350/http://securingamerica.com/taxonomy/term/77 \|date=July 17, 2006 }}</ref> The people of [[Gjakova]], Kosovo, named a street after him for his role in helping their city and country.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|title=4th image down from \|publisher=Awesclarkdemocrat.com \|access-date=August 15, 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728172632/http://www.awesclarkdemocrat.com/2006/05/our_heros_welcome_in_kosovo.htm \|archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kosovareport.blogspot.com/2006/05/former-nato-commander-retired-gen.html \|title=Former NATO commander, retired Gen. Wesley Clark to visit Kosovo \|publisher=Kosovareport.blogspot.com \|date=May 24, 2006 \|access-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> The city of [[Madison, Alabama\|Madison]] in [[Alabama]] has also named a boulevard after Clark.<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22wesley+clark+blvd%22+alabama Google search results] containing real estate listings for Wesley Clark Blvd in Madison, Alabama.</ref><ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna13100686 Transcript] of ''Countdown with Keith Olbermann'' show on NBC News where he mentions road named after Clark in Alabama.</ref> Municipal approval has been granted for the construction of a new street to be named "General Clark Court" in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]].<ref>[http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 Announcement] by architect upon completion of negotiations granting municipal approval for construction of "General Clark Court" in Northern Village subsection in Virginia Beach area of the state of Virginia. {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000028/http://securingamerica.com/ccn/node/10918 \|date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref>
	He has also been appointed a Fellow at the Burkle Center for International Relations at [[UCLA]]. He is a member of the guiding coalition of the [[Project on National Security Reform]]. In 2000 he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/02/us/wesley-clark-fast-facts/index.html\|title=Wesley Clark Fast Facts\|last=Library\|first=CNN\|publisher=CNN\|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> In 2013, General Clark was awarded the [[Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award]] jointly presented by the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation]] and Global Panel Foundation .~~<ref>~~		He has also been appointed a Fellow at the Burkle Center for International Relations at [[UCLA]]. He is a member of the guiding coalition of the [[Project on National Security Reform]]. In 2000 he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/02/us/wesley-clark-fast-facts/index.html\|title=Wesley Clark Fast Facts\|last=Library\|first=CNN\|publisher=CNN\|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> In 2013, General Clark was awarded the [[Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award]] jointly presented by the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation]] and the [http://www.globalpanel.org Global Panel Foundation] . With the death of [[List of Nobel laureates by country\|Nobel Laureate]] [[F. W. de Klerk\|F.W. de Klerk]], Clark became the second Honorary Chair of the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation\|Prague Society]]. He is also on the Advisory Board of the [http://www.globalpanel.org Global Panel Foundation].

	{{cite web\|title=List of Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award Winners\|publisher=Prague Society\|url=http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|access-date=September 9, 2014\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903124001/http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|archive-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref>		{{cite web\|title=List of Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award Winners\|publisher=Prague Society\|url=http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|access-date=September 9, 2014\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903124001/http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin\|archive-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:51, 18 July 2024
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	[[File:Wesley Clark 1star portrait.JPG\|thumb\|left\|upright\|Portrait of Brigadier General Clark as a commander at Fort Irwin]]		[[File:Wesley Clark 1star portrait.JPG\|thumb\|left\|upright\|Portrait of Brigadier General Clark as a commander at Fort Irwin]]
	Following his graduation, Clark worked in Washington, D.C., from July 1983 to 1984 in the offices of the [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army\|Chief and Deputy Chiefs of Staff of the United States Army]], earning a second Legion of Merit for his work. He then served as the Operations Group commander at the [[Fort Irwin Military Reservation]] from August 1984 to June 1986. He was awarded another Legion of Merit and a [[Meritorious Service Medal (United States)\|Meritorious Service Medal]] for his work at Fort Irwin and was given a brigade command at Fort Carson in 1986. He commanded the 3rd Brigade, [[4th Infantry Division (United States)\|4th Infantry Division]] there from April 1986 to March 1988. Veneta Clark, Wesley's mother, died of a heart attack on [[Mother's Day]] in 1986. Regarding his term as brigade commander, one of his battalion commanders called Clark the "most brilliant and gifted officer [he'd] ever known".<ref>Felix, pp. 97–102.</ref> After Fort Carson, Clark returned to the Command and General Staff College to direct and further develop the Battle Command Training Program (BCTP) there until October 1989. The BCTP was created to use escalation training to teach senior officers war-fighting skills, according to the commanding general at the time.<ref>Further information on the BCTP can be found at [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/ctc-bctp.htm Warfighter / Battle Command Training Program Exercises]. ''Global Security''. Retrieved February 9, 2007.</ref> On November 1, 1989, Clark was promoted to [[Brigadier General#United States\|brigadier general]].<ref name="confirmbio"/><ref>Felix, pp. 110–16.</ref>		Following his graduation, Clark worked in Washington, D.C., from July 1983 to 1984 in the offices of the [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army\|Chief and Deputy Chiefs of Staff of the United States Army]], earning a second Legion of Merit for his work. He then served as the Operations Group commander at the [[Fort Irwin Military Reservation]] from August 1984 to June 1986. He was awarded another Legion of Merit and a [[Meritorious Service Medal (United States)\|Meritorious Service Medal]] for his work at Fort Irwin and was given a brigade command at Fort Carson in 1986. He commanded the 3rd Brigade, [[4th Infantry Division (United States)\|4th Infantry Division]] there from April 1986 to March 1988. Veneta Clark, Wesley's mother, died of a heart attack on [[Mother's Day]] in 1986. Regarding his term as brigade commander, one of his battalion commanders called Clark the "most brilliant and gifted officer [he'd] ever known".<ref>Felix, pp. 97–102.</ref> After Fort Carson, Clark returned to the Command and General Staff College to direct and further develop the Battle Command Training Program (BCTP) there until October 1989. The BCTP was created to use escalation training to teach senior officers war-fighting skills, according to the commanding general at the time. On November 1, 1989, Clark was promoted to [[Brigadier General#United States\|brigadier general]].<ref name="confirmbio"/><ref>Felix, pp. 110–16.</ref>

	Clark returned to Fort Irwin and commanded the [[Fort Irwin Military Reservation\|National Training Center]] (NTC) from October 1989 to 1991. The [[Gulf War]] occurred during Clark's command, and many [[United States National Guard\|National Guard]] divisional round-out brigades trained under his command. Multiple generals commanding American forces in [[Iraq]] and [[Kuwait]] said Clark's training helped bring about results in the field and that he had successfully begun training a new generation of the military that had moved past Vietnam-era strategy. He was awarded another Legion of Merit for his "personal efforts" that were "instrumental in maintaining" the NTC, according to the citation. He served in a planning post after this, as the deputy chief of staff for concepts, doctrine, and developments at [[United States Army Training and Doctrine Command\|Training and Doctrine Command]] (TRADOC) at [[Fort Monroe\|Fort Monroe, Virginia]]. While there, he helped the commanding general of TRADOC prepare the army for war and develop new post-[[Cold War]] strategies. Clark pushed for technological advancement in the army to establish a [[computer network\|digital network]] for military command, which he called the "digitization of the battlefield".<ref>"Digitization: Key to Landpower Dominance," by Wesley Clark for ''Army'' magazine, November 1993.</ref> He was promoted to [[Major General#United States\|major general]] in October 1992 at the end of this command.<ref name="confirmbio"/><ref>Felix, pp. 116–20.</ref>		Clark returned to Fort Irwin and commanded the [[Fort Irwin Military Reservation\|National Training Center]] (NTC) from October 1989 to 1991. The [[Gulf War]] occurred during Clark's command, and many [[United States National Guard\|National Guard]] divisional round-out brigades trained under his command. Multiple generals commanding American forces in [[Iraq]] and [[Kuwait]] said Clark's training helped bring about results in the field and that he had successfully begun training a new generation of the military that had moved past Vietnam-era strategy. He was awarded another Legion of Merit for his "personal efforts" that were "instrumental in maintaining" the NTC, according to the citation. He served in a planning post after this, as the deputy chief of staff for concepts, doctrine, and developments at [[United States Army Training and Doctrine Command\|Training and Doctrine Command]] (TRADOC) at [[Fort Monroe\|Fort Monroe, Virginia]]. While there, he helped the commanding general of TRADOC prepare the army for war and develop new post-[[Cold War]] strategies. Clark pushed for technological advancement in the army to establish a [[computer network\|digital network]] for military command, which he called the "digitization of the battlefield".<ref>"Digitization: Key to Landpower Dominance," by Wesley Clark for ''Army'' magazine, November 1993.</ref> He was promoted to [[Major General#United States\|major general]] in October 1992 at the end of this command.<ref name="confirmbio"/><ref>Felix, pp. 116–20.</ref>