Wolgast - Revision history

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	'''Wolgast''' ({{IPA-de\|ˈvɔlˌɡast\|-\|De-Wolgast.ogg}}) is a town in the district of [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], in [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. It is situated on the bank of the river (or [[strait]]) [[Peenestrom]], vis-a-vis the island of [[Usedom]] on the [[Baltic Sea\|Baltic]] coast that can be accessed by road and railway via a movable [[bascule bridge]] (''Blaues Wunder''). In December 2004, the town had a population of 12,725.		'''Wolgast''' ({{IPA\|de\|ˈvɔlˌɡast\|-\|De-Wolgast.ogg}}) is a town in the district of [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], in [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. It is situated on the bank of the river (or [[strait]]) [[Peenestrom]], vis-a-vis the island of [[Usedom]] on the [[Baltic Sea\|Baltic]] coast that can be accessed by road and railway via a movable [[bascule bridge]] (''Blaues Wunder''). In December 2004, the town had a population of 12,725.

	==History==		==History==

ArbieP: /* Notable people */ minor edits; new subsection for sport; reconciled with Category:People from Wolgast added two; tweaked picture sizes

2023-12-19T20:14:16Z

Notable people: minor edits; new subsection for sport; reconciled with Category:People from Wolgast added two; tweaked picture sizes

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External links: added EB1911 wikilink

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	==External links==		==External links==
			* {{Cite EB1911 \|wstitle= Wolgast \|volume = 28 \|last= \|first= \|author-link= \|page=776 \|short=1}}
	* [[:de:Bild:Lubinus Wolgast.png\|Wolgast depiction in 1614]] by [[Eilhard Lubinus]]		* [[:de:Bild:Lubinus Wolgast.png\|Wolgast depiction in 1614]] by [[Eilhard Lubinus]]

ArbieP: /* Notable people */ added EB9 wikilink ref

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	* [[Johann Philipp Palthen]] (1672–1710) a Western Pomeranian historian and philologist		* [[Johann Philipp Palthen]] (1672–1710) a Western Pomeranian historian and philologist
	* [[Philipp Otto Runge]] (1777–1810) a Romantic German painter and draughtsman		* [[Philipp Otto Runge]] (1777–1810) a Romantic German painter and draughtsman
	* [[Karl Gustav Homeyer]] (1795–1874) a German jurist		* [[Karl Gustav Homeyer]] (1795–1874) a German jurist.<ref>{{cite EB9 \|wstitle = Karl Gustav Homeyer \|volume= XII \|last= \|first= \|author-link= \| page= \|short=1}}</ref>
	* [[Adolf Friedrich Stenzler]] (1807–1887) a German [[Indologist]]		* [[Adolf Friedrich Stenzler]] (1807–1887) a German [[Indologist]]
	* [[Theodor Marsson]] (1816–1892) a German pharmacist and botanist		* [[Theodor Marsson]] (1816–1892) a German pharmacist and botanist

42.110.144.69 at 15:37, 16 April 2023

2023-04-16T15:37:19Z

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	The precursor of present-day Wolgast was a Slavic [[Wends\|Wendish]] stronghold located on an island within the [[Peenestrom]] sound.<ref name="Schmidt">Schmidt, Roderich (<sup>2</sup>2009): ''Das historische Pommern,'' Cologne</ref>{{rp\|159}} Contemporary sources called it ''Hologost(a), Ologost, Woligost, Woligast, Wologost, Wolegast, Wolegust, Walagost(um), Walogost(um), Waløgost(um), Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Valagust, Wołogoszcz'' or ''Valegust''.<ref>Prüf. Vita: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000718_00126.html ''Ologost'']; Ebo III.7: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00001081_00898.html ''Hologost'']; Herbord II.39, III.4–6: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000887_00757.html ''Hologosta'']; Helmold I.38: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html ''Woligost, Woligast'']; 1140 papal bull: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000517_00032.html ''Wologost'']; Scandinavian sources: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000885_00653.html ''Walagostum, Walogostum, Waløgostum, Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Wolegust, Valagust, Valegust'']</ref> Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch traces the name through Wendish to mean a "large grove".<ref>Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch: ''Chronik der Insel Usedom''. W. Dietze, Anklam 1863, S. 243 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=tdoAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA243 Digitalisat])</ref> It is unclear which of the tribes documented in the area the population belonged to, the [[Veleti]]/[[Lutici]] or [[Rani (Slavic tribe)\|Rani]].<ref>Ruchhöft, Fred (2001): ''Die Grenzen der sächsischen Marken im Gebiet der Ostseeslawen im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert'' (Baltische Studien NF 87), pp. 7–23, esp. 19 ff.</ref> In 1123/24, [[Henry (Obotrite prince)\|prince Henry]] of the [[Obodrites]] used the stronghold as a stepping stone in his campaign against the Rani.<ref>Niemeck, Andreas (2002): ''Die Zisterzienserklöster Neuenkamp und Hiddensee im Mittelalter,'' Cologne, p. 12; Helmold [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html I.38].</ref>		The precursor of present-day Wolgast was a Slavic [[Wends\|Wendish]] stronghold located on an island within the [[Peenestrom]] sound.<ref name="Schmidt">Schmidt, Roderich (<sup>2</sup>2009): ''Das historische Pommern,'' Cologne</ref>{{rp\|159}} Contemporary sources called it ''Hologost(a), Ologost, Woligost, Woligast, Wologost, Wolegast, Wolegust, Walagost(um), Walogost(um), Waløgost(um), Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Valagust, Wołogoszcz'' or ''Valegust''.<ref>Prüf. Vita: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000718_00126.html ''Ologost'']; Ebo III.7: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00001081_00898.html ''Hologost'']; Herbord II.39, III.4–6: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000887_00757.html ''Hologosta'']; Helmold I.38: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html ''Woligost, Woligast'']; 1140 papal bull: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000517_00032.html ''Wologost'']; Scandinavian sources: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000885_00653.html ''Walagostum, Walogostum, Waløgostum, Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Wolegust, Valagust, Valegust'']</ref> Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch traces the name through Wendish to mean a "large grove".<ref>Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch: ''Chronik der Insel Usedom''. W. Dietze, Anklam 1863, S. 243 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=tdoAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA243 Digitalisat])</ref> It is unclear which of the tribes documented in the area the population belonged to, the [[Veleti]]/[[Lutici]] or [[Rani (Slavic tribe)\|Rani]].<ref>Ruchhöft, Fred (2001): ''Die Grenzen der sächsischen Marken im Gebiet der Ostseeslawen im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert'' (Baltische Studien NF 87), pp. 7–23, esp. 19 ff.</ref> In 1123/24, [[Henry (Obotrite prince)\|prince Henry]] of the [[Obodrites]] used the stronghold as a stepping stone in his campaign against the Rani.<ref>Niemeck, Andreas (2002): ''Die Zisterzienserklöster Neuenkamp und Hiddensee im Mittelalter,'' Cologne, p. 12; Helmold [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html I.38].</ref>

	In 1128, after the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian]] duke [[Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania\|Wartislaw I]] had subdued the area, the [[Conversion of Pomerania\|Wends were baptized]] by [[Otto of Bamberg]] on his second Pomeranian mission, while Wartislaw was also present in the stronghold. During this time, there was an influx of thousands of [[Low German]] settlers from [[~~Friesland~~]].<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|152, 160}} In this context, Wolgast was described as a ''opulentissima civitas'' by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town".<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|157–158}} Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to [[Jarilo\|Gerowit]], a god of war, and replaced it with a church.<ref>"Slawische Religion" in TRE XXXI (2000), p. 398; Ebo III.5 ff.; Herbord III.4 f.</ref><ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} The thesis that this first church was a predecessor of today's St. Peter's church has not yet been confirmed.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}}		In 1128, after the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian]] duke [[Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania\|Wartislaw I]] had subdued the area, the [[Conversion of Pomerania\|Wends were baptized]] by [[Otto of Bamberg]] on his second Pomeranian mission, while Wartislaw was also present in the stronghold. During this time, there was an influx of thousands of [[Low German]] settlers from [[Groningen]] and [[Drenthe]].<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|152, 160}} In this context, Wolgast was described as a ''opulentissima civitas'' by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town".<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|157–158}} Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to [[Jarilo\|Gerowit]], a god of war, and replaced it with a church.<ref>"Slawische Religion" in TRE XXXI (2000), p. 398; Ebo III.5 ff.; Herbord III.4 f.</ref><ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} The thesis that this first church was a predecessor of today's St. Peter's church has not yet been confirmed.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}}

	Wolgast was made the seat of a Pomeranian [[castellan]]y,<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|159}} and played an important role in the 12th-century warfare between Pomeranians, Rani and the Danes.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} In 1162, Wolgast was targeted by an allied Danish-Rani fleet, and temporarily had to accept Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis">Riis, Thomas (2003): ''Das mittelalterliche dänische Ostseeimperium'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes IV), Odense</ref>{{rp\|23–25}} In 1164, in the context of the [[battle of Verchen]], a Danish force under [[Wetheman]] took control of Wolgast, and left it to a mixed Rani-Pomeranian-Obrodite garrison after peace was restored.<ref>Büttner, Bengt (2007): ''Die Pfarreien der Insel Rügen'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern V 42), Cologne, pp. 33–34.</ref><ref>{{citation \|author=Janus Møller Jensen \|chapter=Denmark and the Holy War: A Redefinition of a Traditional Pattern of Conflict in the Baltic in the Twelfth Century \|title=Scandinavia and Europe, 800–1350: Contact, Conflict and Coexistence \|editor1=Jon Adams \|editor2=Kathy Holman \|publisher=Brepols \|year=2004 \|page=229}}.</ref> Yet, the Rani (the Danish allies) were soon expelled by the Pomeranians, and the Obodrites (also Danish allies) left the scene.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|26}} The Danes attacked Wolgast again in the summer of 1167, and again either in late 1167 or in 1168, and [[Siege of Arkona\|devastated the area]].<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|27–28}} In 1177, another Danish assault on Wolgast failed, but a campaign in 1179 was successful, though the Danish fleet accepted money instead of a surrender.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|41}} In 1184, Wolgast was unsuccessfully besieged by the Danes, but finally came under Danish control in 1185 when the Pomeranian duke accepted Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|44–45}} While the Danes lost control over most of Pomerania in 1227, Wolgast remained a Danish bridgehead until either 1241/43 or 1250.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|48}}		Wolgast was made the seat of a Pomeranian [[castellan]]y,<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|159}} and played an important role in the 12th-century warfare between Pomeranians, Rani and the Danes.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} In 1162, Wolgast was targeted by an allied Danish-Rani fleet, and temporarily had to accept Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis">Riis, Thomas (2003): ''Das mittelalterliche dänische Ostseeimperium'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes IV), Odense</ref>{{rp\|23–25}} In 1164, in the context of the [[battle of Verchen]], a Danish force under [[Wetheman]] took control of Wolgast, and left it to a mixed Rani-Pomeranian-Obrodite garrison after peace was restored.<ref>Büttner, Bengt (2007): ''Die Pfarreien der Insel Rügen'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern V 42), Cologne, pp. 33–34.</ref><ref>{{citation \|author=Janus Møller Jensen \|chapter=Denmark and the Holy War: A Redefinition of a Traditional Pattern of Conflict in the Baltic in the Twelfth Century \|title=Scandinavia and Europe, 800–1350: Contact, Conflict and Coexistence \|editor1=Jon Adams \|editor2=Kathy Holman \|publisher=Brepols \|year=2004 \|page=229}}.</ref> Yet, the Rani (the Danish allies) were soon expelled by the Pomeranians, and the Obodrites (also Danish allies) left the scene.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|26}} The Danes attacked Wolgast again in the summer of 1167, and again either in late 1167 or in 1168, and [[Siege of Arkona\|devastated the area]].<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|27–28}} In 1177, another Danish assault on Wolgast failed, but a campaign in 1179 was successful, though the Danish fleet accepted money instead of a surrender.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|41}} In 1184, Wolgast was unsuccessfully besieged by the Danes, but finally came under Danish control in 1185 when the Pomeranian duke accepted Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|44–45}} While the Danes lost control over most of Pomerania in 1227, Wolgast remained a Danish bridgehead until either 1241/43 or 1250.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|48}}
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	Wolgast was residence of the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian dukes]] from 1285 until the ruling [[House of Pomerania]] became extinct in 1637.<ref name=Berger>Berger (2008), p. 361</ref> Capital of ''[[Pomerania-Wolgast]]'', a longtime inner partition of the duchy, [[Wolgast Castle]] was built as a residential palace in [[Renaissance architecture\|Renaissance style]] on an island hence called ''Castle Island''.<ref name=Dubilski>Dubilski (2003), p. 173</ref> The [[List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes\|ducal line of Pomerania-Wolgast]] became extinct when [[Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania\|Philipp Julius]] died without issue.<ref>Wolgast (1995), p. 217</ref>		Wolgast was residence of the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian dukes]] from 1285 until the ruling [[House of Pomerania]] became extinct in 1637.<ref name=Berger>Berger (2008), p. 361</ref> Capital of ''[[Pomerania-Wolgast]]'', a longtime inner partition of the duchy, [[Wolgast Castle]] was built as a residential palace in [[Renaissance architecture\|Renaissance style]] on an island hence called ''Castle Island''.<ref name=Dubilski>Dubilski (2003), p. 173</ref> The [[List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes\|ducal line of Pomerania-Wolgast]] became extinct when [[Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania\|Philipp Julius]] died without issue.<ref>Wolgast (1995), p. 217</ref>

	During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the [[Swedish Empire]] occupied Wolgast [[Treaty of Stettin (1630)\|in 1630]] and kept it as a part of [[Swedish Pomerania]] until 1815. Between the 1670s to 1720s, ~~many~~ male residents enlisted in the [[Dutch East India Company\|VOC]] and emigrated to [[South Africa]]. The former ducal palace decayed, and the town was burned down in 1713 by [[Russian Empire\|Russian forces]] during the [[Great Northern War]], in retaliation for Swedish arson in [[Altona, Hamburg\|Altona]].<ref name=Berger/> Only the church, four chapels and four more buildings were spared by the fire.<ref name=Berger/> Most houses of the Old Town therefore date back to the 18th and 19th centuries,<ref name=Dubilski/> the townhall was renewed after the fire in [[baroque]] style.<ref name=Berger/>		During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the [[Swedish Empire]] occupied Wolgast [[Treaty of Stettin (1630)\|in 1630]] and kept it as a part of [[Swedish Pomerania]] until 1815. Between the 1670s to 1720s, hundreds of male residents enlisted in the [[Dutch East India Company\|VOC]] and emigrated to [[South Africa]]. The former ducal palace decayed, and the town was burned down in 1713 by [[Russian Empire\|Russian forces]] during the [[Great Northern War]], in retaliation for Swedish arson in [[Altona, Hamburg\|Altona]].<ref name=Berger/> Only the church, four chapels and four more buildings were spared by the fire.<ref name=Berger/> Most houses of the Old Town therefore date back to the 18th and 19th centuries,<ref name=Dubilski/> the townhall was renewed after the fire in [[baroque]] style.<ref name=Berger/>

	After the Swedish withdrawal from Pomerania in 1815, the city was integrated into the [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)\|Province of Pomerania]]. Last remnants of the palace were removed in 1849.<ref name=Dubilski/> Wolgast prospered throughout the 19th century as a port for [[grain trade]].<ref name=Berger/> In 1910 a Catholic Church was built for Polish workers <ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.kirche-wolgast.de/index.php/kirchen/herz-jesu-kirche\|title = Herz Jesu Kirche (Kath.)}}</ref>		After the Swedish withdrawal from Pomerania in 1815, the city was integrated into the [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)\|Province of Pomerania]]. Last remnants of the palace were removed in 1849.<ref name=Dubilski/> Wolgast prospered throughout the 19th century as a port for [[grain trade]].<ref name=Berger/> In 1910 a Catholic Church was built for Polish workers <ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.kirche-wolgast.de/index.php/kirchen/herz-jesu-kirche\|title = Herz Jesu Kirche (Kath.)}}</ref>

42.110.144.69 at 15:35, 16 April 2023

2023-04-16T15:35:01Z

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	The precursor of present-day Wolgast was a Slavic [[Wends\|Wendish]] stronghold located on an island within the [[Peenestrom]] sound.<ref name="Schmidt">Schmidt, Roderich (<sup>2</sup>2009): ''Das historische Pommern,'' Cologne</ref>{{rp\|159}} Contemporary sources called it ''Hologost(a), Ologost, Woligost, Woligast, Wologost, Wolegast, Wolegust, Walagost(um), Walogost(um), Waløgost(um), Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Valagust, Wołogoszcz'' or ''Valegust''.<ref>Prüf. Vita: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000718_00126.html ''Ologost'']; Ebo III.7: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00001081_00898.html ''Hologost'']; Herbord II.39, III.4–6: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000887_00757.html ''Hologosta'']; Helmold I.38: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html ''Woligost, Woligast'']; 1140 papal bull: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000517_00032.html ''Wologost'']; Scandinavian sources: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000885_00653.html ''Walagostum, Walogostum, Waløgostum, Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Wolegust, Valagust, Valegust'']</ref> Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch traces the name through Wendish to mean a "large grove".<ref>Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch: ''Chronik der Insel Usedom''. W. Dietze, Anklam 1863, S. 243 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=tdoAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA243 Digitalisat])</ref> It is unclear which of the tribes documented in the area the population belonged to, the [[Veleti]]/[[Lutici]] or [[Rani (Slavic tribe)\|Rani]].<ref>Ruchhöft, Fred (2001): ''Die Grenzen der sächsischen Marken im Gebiet der Ostseeslawen im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert'' (Baltische Studien NF 87), pp. 7–23, esp. 19 ff.</ref> In 1123/24, [[Henry (Obotrite prince)\|prince Henry]] of the [[Obodrites]] used the stronghold as a stepping stone in his campaign against the Rani.<ref>Niemeck, Andreas (2002): ''Die Zisterzienserklöster Neuenkamp und Hiddensee im Mittelalter,'' Cologne, p. 12; Helmold [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html I.38].</ref>		The precursor of present-day Wolgast was a Slavic [[Wends\|Wendish]] stronghold located on an island within the [[Peenestrom]] sound.<ref name="Schmidt">Schmidt, Roderich (<sup>2</sup>2009): ''Das historische Pommern,'' Cologne</ref>{{rp\|159}} Contemporary sources called it ''Hologost(a), Ologost, Woligost, Woligast, Wologost, Wolegast, Wolegust, Walagost(um), Walogost(um), Waløgost(um), Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Valagust, Wołogoszcz'' or ''Valegust''.<ref>Prüf. Vita: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000718_00126.html ''Ologost'']; Ebo III.7: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00001081_00898.html ''Hologost'']; Herbord II.39, III.4–6: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000887_00757.html ''Hologosta'']; Helmold I.38: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html ''Woligost, Woligast'']; 1140 papal bull: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000517_00032.html ''Wologost'']; Scandinavian sources: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000885_00653.html ''Walagostum, Walogostum, Waløgostum, Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Wolegust, Valagust, Valegust'']</ref> Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch traces the name through Wendish to mean a "large grove".<ref>Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch: ''Chronik der Insel Usedom''. W. Dietze, Anklam 1863, S. 243 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=tdoAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA243 Digitalisat])</ref> It is unclear which of the tribes documented in the area the population belonged to, the [[Veleti]]/[[Lutici]] or [[Rani (Slavic tribe)\|Rani]].<ref>Ruchhöft, Fred (2001): ''Die Grenzen der sächsischen Marken im Gebiet der Ostseeslawen im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert'' (Baltische Studien NF 87), pp. 7–23, esp. 19 ff.</ref> In 1123/24, [[Henry (Obotrite prince)\|prince Henry]] of the [[Obodrites]] used the stronghold as a stepping stone in his campaign against the Rani.<ref>Niemeck, Andreas (2002): ''Die Zisterzienserklöster Neuenkamp und Hiddensee im Mittelalter,'' Cologne, p. 12; Helmold [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html I.38].</ref>

	In 1128, after the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian]] duke [[Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania\|Wartislaw I]] had subdued the area, the [[Conversion of Pomerania\|Wends were baptized]] by [[Otto of Bamberg]] on his second Pomeranian mission, while Wartislaw was also present in the stronghold.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|152, 160}} In this context, Wolgast was described as a ''opulentissima civitas'' by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town".<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|157–158}} Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to [[Jarilo\|Gerowit]], a god of war, and replaced it with a church.<ref>"Slawische Religion" in TRE XXXI (2000), p. 398; Ebo III.5 ff.; Herbord III.4 f.</ref><ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} The thesis that this first church was a predecessor of today's St. Peter's church has not yet been confirmed.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}}		In 1128, after the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian]] duke [[Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania\|Wartislaw I]] had subdued the area, the [[Conversion of Pomerania\|Wends were baptized]] by [[Otto of Bamberg]] on his second Pomeranian mission, while Wartislaw was also present in the stronghold. During this time, there was an influx of thousands of [[Low German]] settlers from [[Friesland]].<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|152, 160}} In this context, Wolgast was described as a ''opulentissima civitas'' by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town".<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|157–158}} Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to [[Jarilo\|Gerowit]], a god of war, and replaced it with a church.<ref>"Slawische Religion" in TRE XXXI (2000), p. 398; Ebo III.5 ff.; Herbord III.4 f.</ref><ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} The thesis that this first church was a predecessor of today's St. Peter's church has not yet been confirmed.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}}

	Wolgast was made the seat of a Pomeranian [[castellan]]y,<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|159}} and played an important role in the 12th-century warfare between Pomeranians, Rani and the Danes.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} In 1162, Wolgast was targeted by an allied Danish-Rani fleet, and temporarily had to accept Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis">Riis, Thomas (2003): ''Das mittelalterliche dänische Ostseeimperium'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes IV), Odense</ref>{{rp\|23–25}} In 1164, in the context of the [[battle of Verchen]], a Danish force under [[Wetheman]] took control of Wolgast, and left it to a mixed Rani-Pomeranian-Obrodite garrison after peace was restored.<ref>Büttner, Bengt (2007): ''Die Pfarreien der Insel Rügen'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern V 42), Cologne, pp. 33–34.</ref><ref>{{citation \|author=Janus Møller Jensen \|chapter=Denmark and the Holy War: A Redefinition of a Traditional Pattern of Conflict in the Baltic in the Twelfth Century \|title=Scandinavia and Europe, 800–1350: Contact, Conflict and Coexistence \|editor1=Jon Adams \|editor2=Kathy Holman \|publisher=Brepols \|year=2004 \|page=229}}.</ref> Yet, the Rani (the Danish allies) were soon expelled by the Pomeranians, and the Obodrites (also Danish allies) left the scene.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|26}} The Danes attacked Wolgast again in the summer of 1167, and again either in late 1167 or in 1168, and [[Siege of Arkona\|devastated the area]].<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|27–28}} In 1177, another Danish assault on Wolgast failed, but a campaign in 1179 was successful, though the Danish fleet accepted money instead of a surrender.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|41}} In 1184, Wolgast was unsuccessfully besieged by the Danes, but finally came under Danish control in 1185 when the Pomeranian duke accepted Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|44–45}} While the Danes lost control over most of Pomerania in 1227, Wolgast remained a Danish bridgehead until either 1241/43 or 1250.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|48}}		Wolgast was made the seat of a Pomeranian [[castellan]]y,<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|159}} and played an important role in the 12th-century warfare between Pomeranians, Rani and the Danes.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} In 1162, Wolgast was targeted by an allied Danish-Rani fleet, and temporarily had to accept Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis">Riis, Thomas (2003): ''Das mittelalterliche dänische Ostseeimperium'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes IV), Odense</ref>{{rp\|23–25}} In 1164, in the context of the [[battle of Verchen]], a Danish force under [[Wetheman]] took control of Wolgast, and left it to a mixed Rani-Pomeranian-Obrodite garrison after peace was restored.<ref>Büttner, Bengt (2007): ''Die Pfarreien der Insel Rügen'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern V 42), Cologne, pp. 33–34.</ref><ref>{{citation \|author=Janus Møller Jensen \|chapter=Denmark and the Holy War: A Redefinition of a Traditional Pattern of Conflict in the Baltic in the Twelfth Century \|title=Scandinavia and Europe, 800–1350: Contact, Conflict and Coexistence \|editor1=Jon Adams \|editor2=Kathy Holman \|publisher=Brepols \|year=2004 \|page=229}}.</ref> Yet, the Rani (the Danish allies) were soon expelled by the Pomeranians, and the Obodrites (also Danish allies) left the scene.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|26}} The Danes attacked Wolgast again in the summer of 1167, and again either in late 1167 or in 1168, and [[Siege of Arkona\|devastated the area]].<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|27–28}} In 1177, another Danish assault on Wolgast failed, but a campaign in 1179 was successful, though the Danish fleet accepted money instead of a surrender.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|41}} In 1184, Wolgast was unsuccessfully besieged by the Danes, but finally came under Danish control in 1185 when the Pomeranian duke accepted Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|44–45}} While the Danes lost control over most of Pomerania in 1227, Wolgast remained a Danish bridgehead until either 1241/43 or 1250.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|48}}
Line 37:		Line 37:
	Wolgast was residence of the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian dukes]] from 1285 until the ruling [[House of Pomerania]] became extinct in 1637.<ref name=Berger>Berger (2008), p. 361</ref> Capital of ''[[Pomerania-Wolgast]]'', a longtime inner partition of the duchy, [[Wolgast Castle]] was built as a residential palace in [[Renaissance architecture\|Renaissance style]] on an island hence called ''Castle Island''.<ref name=Dubilski>Dubilski (2003), p. 173</ref> The [[List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes\|ducal line of Pomerania-Wolgast]] became extinct when [[Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania\|Philipp Julius]] died without issue.<ref>Wolgast (1995), p. 217</ref>		Wolgast was residence of the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian dukes]] from 1285 until the ruling [[House of Pomerania]] became extinct in 1637.<ref name=Berger>Berger (2008), p. 361</ref> Capital of ''[[Pomerania-Wolgast]]'', a longtime inner partition of the duchy, [[Wolgast Castle]] was built as a residential palace in [[Renaissance architecture\|Renaissance style]] on an island hence called ''Castle Island''.<ref name=Dubilski>Dubilski (2003), p. 173</ref> The [[List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes\|ducal line of Pomerania-Wolgast]] became extinct when [[Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania\|Philipp Julius]] died without issue.<ref>Wolgast (1995), p. 217</ref>

	During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the [[Swedish Empire]] occupied Wolgast [[Treaty of Stettin (1630)\|in 1630]] and kept it as a part of [[Swedish Pomerania]] until 1815. The former ducal palace decayed, and the town was burned down in 1713 by [[Russian Empire\|Russian forces]] during the [[Great Northern War]], in retaliation for Swedish arson in [[Altona, Hamburg\|Altona]].<ref name=Berger/> Only the church, four chapels and four more buildings were spared by the fire.<ref name=Berger/> Most houses of the Old Town therefore date back to the 18th and 19th centuries,<ref name=Dubilski/> the townhall was renewed after the fire in [[baroque]] style.<ref name=Berger/>		During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the [[Swedish Empire]] occupied Wolgast [[Treaty of Stettin (1630)\|in 1630]] and kept it as a part of [[Swedish Pomerania]] until 1815. Between the 1670s to 1720s, many male residents enlisted in the [[Dutch East India Company\|VOC]] and emigrated to [[South Africa]]. The former ducal palace decayed, and the town was burned down in 1713 by [[Russian Empire\|Russian forces]] during the [[Great Northern War]], in retaliation for Swedish arson in [[Altona, Hamburg\|Altona]].<ref name=Berger/> Only the church, four chapels and four more buildings were spared by the fire.<ref name=Berger/> Most houses of the Old Town therefore date back to the 18th and 19th centuries,<ref name=Dubilski/> the townhall was renewed after the fire in [[baroque]] style.<ref name=Berger/>

	After the Swedish withdrawal from Pomerania in 1815, the city was integrated into the [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)\|Province of Pomerania]]. Last remnants of the palace were removed in 1849.<ref name=Dubilski/> Wolgast prospered throughout the 19th century as a port for [[grain trade]].<ref name=Berger/> In 1910 a Catholic Church was built for Polish workers <ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.kirche-wolgast.de/index.php/kirchen/herz-jesu-kirche\|title = Herz Jesu Kirche (Kath.)}}</ref>		After the Swedish withdrawal from Pomerania in 1815, the city was integrated into the [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)\|Province of Pomerania]]. Last remnants of the palace were removed in 1849.<ref name=Dubilski/> Wolgast prospered throughout the 19th century as a port for [[grain trade]].<ref name=Berger/> In 1910 a Catholic Church was built for Polish workers <ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.kirche-wolgast.de/index.php/kirchen/herz-jesu-kirche\|title = Herz Jesu Kirche (Kath.)}}</ref>

Radfxm at 09:21, 22 February 2023

2023-02-22T09:21:06Z

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	'''Wolgast''' ({{IPA-de\|ˈvɔlˌɡast\|-\|De-Wolgast.ogg~~}}; {{lang-csb\|Wòłogòszcz~~}}) is a town in the district of [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], in [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. It is situated on the bank of the river (or [[strait]]) [[Peenestrom]], vis-a-vis the island of [[Usedom]] on the [[Baltic Sea\|Baltic]] coast that can be accessed by road and railway via a movable [[bascule bridge]] (''Blaues Wunder''). In December 2004, the town had a population of 12,725.		'''Wolgast''' ({{IPA-de\|ˈvɔlˌɡast\|-\|De-Wolgast.ogg}}) is a town in the district of [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], in [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. It is situated on the bank of the river (or [[strait]]) [[Peenestrom]], vis-a-vis the island of [[Usedom]] on the [[Baltic Sea\|Baltic]] coast that can be accessed by road and railway via a movable [[bascule bridge]] (''Blaues Wunder''). In December 2004, the town had a population of 12,725.

	==History==		==History==

Srnec: link

2023-01-21T21:11:35Z

link

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:11, 21 January 2023
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	In 1128, after the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian]] duke [[Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania\|Wartislaw I]] had subdued the area, the [[Conversion of Pomerania\|Wends were baptized]] by [[Otto of Bamberg]] on his second Pomeranian mission, while Wartislaw was also present in the stronghold.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|152, 160}} In this context, Wolgast was described as a ''opulentissima civitas'' by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town".<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|157–158}} Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to [[Jarilo\|Gerowit]], a god of war, and replaced it with a church.<ref>"Slawische Religion" in TRE XXXI (2000), p. 398; Ebo III.5 ff.; Herbord III.4 f.</ref><ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} The thesis that this first church was a predecessor of today's St. Peter's church has not yet been confirmed.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}}		In 1128, after the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian]] duke [[Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania\|Wartislaw I]] had subdued the area, the [[Conversion of Pomerania\|Wends were baptized]] by [[Otto of Bamberg]] on his second Pomeranian mission, while Wartislaw was also present in the stronghold.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|152, 160}} In this context, Wolgast was described as a ''opulentissima civitas'' by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town".<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|157–158}} Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to [[Jarilo\|Gerowit]], a god of war, and replaced it with a church.<ref>"Slawische Religion" in TRE XXXI (2000), p. 398; Ebo III.5 ff.; Herbord III.4 f.</ref><ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} The thesis that this first church was a predecessor of today's St. Peter's church has not yet been confirmed.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}}

	Wolgast was made the seat of a Pomeranian [[castellan]]y,<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|159}} and played an important role in the 12th-century warfare between Pomeranians, Rani and the Danes.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} In 1162, Wolgast was targeted by an allied Danish-Rani fleet, and temporarily had to accept Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis">Riis, Thomas (2003): ''Das mittelalterliche dänische Ostseeimperium'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes IV), Odense</ref>{{rp\|23–25}} In 1164, in the context of the [[battle of Verchen]], a Danish force under [[Wetheman]] took control of Wolgast, and left it to a mixed Rani-Pomeranian-Obrodite garrison after peace was restored.<ref>Büttner, Bengt (2007): ''Die Pfarreien der Insel Rügen'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern V 42), Cologne, pp. 33–34.</ref><ref>{{citation \|author=Janus Møller Jensen \|chapter=Denmark and the Holy War: A Redefinition of a Traditional Pattern of Conflict in the Baltic in the Twelfth Century \|title=Scandinavia and Europe, 800–1350: Contact, Conflict and Coexistence \|editor1=Jon Adams \|editor2=Kathy Holman \|publisher=Brepols \|year=2004 \|page=229}}.</ref> Yet, the Rani (the Danish allies) were soon expelled by the Pomeranians, and the Obodrites (also Danish allies) left the scene.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|26}} The Danes attacked Wolgast again in the summer of 1167, and again either in late 1167 or in 1168, and devastated the area.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|27–28}} In 1177, another Danish assault on Wolgast failed, but a campaign in 1179 was successful, though the Danish fleet accepted money instead of a surrender.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|41}} In 1184, Wolgast was unsuccessfully besieged by the Danes, but finally came under Danish control in 1185 when the Pomeranian duke accepted Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|44–45}} While the Danes lost control over most of Pomerania in 1227, Wolgast remained a Danish bridgehead until either 1241/43 or 1250.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|48}}		Wolgast was made the seat of a Pomeranian [[castellan]]y,<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|159}} and played an important role in the 12th-century warfare between Pomeranians, Rani and the Danes.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} In 1162, Wolgast was targeted by an allied Danish-Rani fleet, and temporarily had to accept Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis">Riis, Thomas (2003): ''Das mittelalterliche dänische Ostseeimperium'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes IV), Odense</ref>{{rp\|23–25}} In 1164, in the context of the [[battle of Verchen]], a Danish force under [[Wetheman]] took control of Wolgast, and left it to a mixed Rani-Pomeranian-Obrodite garrison after peace was restored.<ref>Büttner, Bengt (2007): ''Die Pfarreien der Insel Rügen'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern V 42), Cologne, pp. 33–34.</ref><ref>{{citation \|author=Janus Møller Jensen \|chapter=Denmark and the Holy War: A Redefinition of a Traditional Pattern of Conflict in the Baltic in the Twelfth Century \|title=Scandinavia and Europe, 800–1350: Contact, Conflict and Coexistence \|editor1=Jon Adams \|editor2=Kathy Holman \|publisher=Brepols \|year=2004 \|page=229}}.</ref> Yet, the Rani (the Danish allies) were soon expelled by the Pomeranians, and the Obodrites (also Danish allies) left the scene.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|26}} The Danes attacked Wolgast again in the summer of 1167, and again either in late 1167 or in 1168, and [[Siege of Arkona\|devastated the area]].<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|27–28}} In 1177, another Danish assault on Wolgast failed, but a campaign in 1179 was successful, though the Danish fleet accepted money instead of a surrender.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|41}} In 1184, Wolgast was unsuccessfully besieged by the Danes, but finally came under Danish control in 1185 when the Pomeranian duke accepted Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|44–45}} While the Danes lost control over most of Pomerania in 1227, Wolgast remained a Danish bridgehead until either 1241/43 or 1250.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|48}}

	On the mainland opposite to island with the castle, a new planned town was built in the course of the [[Ostsiedlung]].<ref>Müller-Mertens, Eckhard (1999): ''Stadtgründungen ...'' in Riis et al.: ''Stadtwerdung und städtische Typologie des Ostseegebietes bis zur Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes III), Odense, pp. 113–150; esp. 121.</ref> It is not known when exactly this city of Wolgast was granted [[German town law]], though its existence is confirmed by a letter written in or before 1259.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|160}} The original charter was issued by both Pomeranian dukes of the time, [[Wartislaw III]] and [[Barnim I]], and a confirmation of the [[Lübeck law]] was issued in 1282 by duke [[Bogislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania\|Bogislaw IV]].<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|160–161}}		On the mainland opposite to island with the castle, a new planned town was built in the course of the [[Ostsiedlung]].<ref>Müller-Mertens, Eckhard (1999): ''Stadtgründungen ...'' in Riis et al.: ''Stadtwerdung und städtische Typologie des Ostseegebietes bis zur Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes III), Odense, pp. 113–150; esp. 121.</ref> It is not known when exactly this city of Wolgast was granted [[German town law]], though its existence is confirmed by a letter written in or before 1259.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|160}} The original charter was issued by both Pomeranian dukes of the time, [[Wartislaw III]] and [[Barnim I]], and a confirmation of the [[Lübeck law]] was issued in 1282 by duke [[Bogislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania\|Bogislaw IV]].<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|160–161}}

Marcocapelle: /* External links */remove history category from geography article, see e.g. Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2022_October_2#Category:Province_of_Saxony

2022-10-22T09:24:49Z

External links: remove history category from geography article, see e.g. Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2022_October_2#Category:Province_of_Saxony

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:24, 22 October 2022
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	[[Category:1257 establishments in Europe]]		[[Category:1257 establishments in Europe]]
	[[Category:Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)]]
	[[Category:Burial sites of the House of Pomerania]]		[[Category:Burial sites of the House of Pomerania]]

PulletKeeper at 20:06, 13 September 2022

2022-09-13T20:06:08Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:06, 13 September 2022
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	'''Wolgast''' ({{IPA-de\|ˈvɔlˌɡast\|-\|De-Wolgast.ogg}}) is a town in the district of [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], in [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. It is situated on the bank of the river (or [[strait]]) [[Peenestrom]], vis-a-vis the island of [[Usedom]] on the [[Baltic Sea\|Baltic]] coast that can be accessed by road and railway via a movable [[bascule bridge]] (''Blaues Wunder''). In December 2004, the town had a population of 12,725.		'''Wolgast''' ({{IPA-de\|ˈvɔlˌɡast\|-\|De-Wolgast.ogg}}; {{lang-csb\|Wòłogòszcz}}) is a town in the district of [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], in [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. It is situated on the bank of the river (or [[strait]]) [[Peenestrom]], vis-a-vis the island of [[Usedom]] on the [[Baltic Sea\|Baltic]] coast that can be accessed by road and railway via a movable [[bascule bridge]] (''Blaues Wunder''). In December 2004, the town had a population of 12,725.

	==History==		==History==

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:37, 16 April 2023
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	The precursor of present-day Wolgast was a Slavic [[Wends\|Wendish]] stronghold located on an island within the [[Peenestrom]] sound.<ref name="Schmidt">Schmidt, Roderich (<sup>2</sup>2009): ''Das historische Pommern,'' Cologne</ref>{{rp\|159}} Contemporary sources called it ''Hologost(a), Ologost, Woligost, Woligast, Wologost, Wolegast, Wolegust, Walagost(um), Walogost(um), Waløgost(um), Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Valagust, Wołogoszcz'' or ''Valegust''.<ref>Prüf. Vita: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000718_00126.html ''Ologost'']; Ebo III.7: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00001081_00898.html ''Hologost'']; Herbord II.39, III.4–6: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000887_00757.html ''Hologosta'']; Helmold I.38: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html ''Woligost, Woligast'']; 1140 papal bull: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000517_00032.html ''Wologost'']; Scandinavian sources: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000885_00653.html ''Walagostum, Walogostum, Waløgostum, Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Wolegust, Valagust, Valegust'']</ref> Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch traces the name through Wendish to mean a "large grove".<ref>Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch: ''Chronik der Insel Usedom''. W. Dietze, Anklam 1863, S. 243 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=tdoAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA243 Digitalisat])</ref> It is unclear which of the tribes documented in the area the population belonged to, the [[Veleti]]/[[Lutici]] or [[Rani (Slavic tribe)\|Rani]].<ref>Ruchhöft, Fred (2001): ''Die Grenzen der sächsischen Marken im Gebiet der Ostseeslawen im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert'' (Baltische Studien NF 87), pp. 7–23, esp. 19 ff.</ref> In 1123/24, [[Henry (Obotrite prince)\|prince Henry]] of the [[Obodrites]] used the stronghold as a stepping stone in his campaign against the Rani.<ref>Niemeck, Andreas (2002): ''Die Zisterzienserklöster Neuenkamp und Hiddensee im Mittelalter,'' Cologne, p. 12; Helmold [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html I.38].</ref>		The precursor of present-day Wolgast was a Slavic [[Wends\|Wendish]] stronghold located on an island within the [[Peenestrom]] sound.<ref name="Schmidt">Schmidt, Roderich (<sup>2</sup>2009): ''Das historische Pommern,'' Cologne</ref>{{rp\|159}} Contemporary sources called it ''Hologost(a), Ologost, Woligost, Woligast, Wologost, Wolegast, Wolegust, Walagost(um), Walogost(um), Waløgost(um), Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Valagust, Wołogoszcz'' or ''Valegust''.<ref>Prüf. Vita: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000718_00126.html ''Ologost'']; Ebo III.7: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00001081_00898.html ''Hologost'']; Herbord II.39, III.4–6: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000887_00757.html ''Hologosta'']; Helmold I.38: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html ''Woligost, Woligast'']; 1140 papal bull: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000517_00032.html ''Wologost'']; Scandinavian sources: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000885_00653.html ''Walagostum, Walogostum, Waløgostum, Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Wolegust, Valagust, Valegust'']</ref> Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch traces the name through Wendish to mean a "large grove".<ref>Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch: ''Chronik der Insel Usedom''. W. Dietze, Anklam 1863, S. 243 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=tdoAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA243 Digitalisat])</ref> It is unclear which of the tribes documented in the area the population belonged to, the [[Veleti]]/[[Lutici]] or [[Rani (Slavic tribe)\|Rani]].<ref>Ruchhöft, Fred (2001): ''Die Grenzen der sächsischen Marken im Gebiet der Ostseeslawen im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert'' (Baltische Studien NF 87), pp. 7–23, esp. 19 ff.</ref> In 1123/24, [[Henry (Obotrite prince)\|prince Henry]] of the [[Obodrites]] used the stronghold as a stepping stone in his campaign against the Rani.<ref>Niemeck, Andreas (2002): ''Die Zisterzienserklöster Neuenkamp und Hiddensee im Mittelalter,'' Cologne, p. 12; Helmold [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html I.38].</ref>

	In 1128, after the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian]] duke [[Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania\|Wartislaw I]] had subdued the area, the [[Conversion of Pomerania\|Wends were baptized]] by [[Otto of Bamberg]] on his second Pomeranian mission, while Wartislaw was also present in the stronghold. During this time, there was an influx of thousands of [[Low German]] settlers from [[~~Friesland~~]].<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|152, 160}} In this context, Wolgast was described as a ''opulentissima civitas'' by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town".<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|157–158}} Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to [[Jarilo\|Gerowit]], a god of war, and replaced it with a church.<ref>"Slawische Religion" in TRE XXXI (2000), p. 398; Ebo III.5 ff.; Herbord III.4 f.</ref><ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} The thesis that this first church was a predecessor of today's St. Peter's church has not yet been confirmed.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}}		In 1128, after the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian]] duke [[Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania\|Wartislaw I]] had subdued the area, the [[Conversion of Pomerania\|Wends were baptized]] by [[Otto of Bamberg]] on his second Pomeranian mission, while Wartislaw was also present in the stronghold. During this time, there was an influx of thousands of [[Low German]] settlers from [[Groningen]] and [[Drenthe]].<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|152, 160}} In this context, Wolgast was described as a ''opulentissima civitas'' by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town".<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|157–158}} Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to [[Jarilo\|Gerowit]], a god of war, and replaced it with a church.<ref>"Slawische Religion" in TRE XXXI (2000), p. 398; Ebo III.5 ff.; Herbord III.4 f.</ref><ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} The thesis that this first church was a predecessor of today's St. Peter's church has not yet been confirmed.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}}

	Wolgast was made the seat of a Pomeranian [[castellan]]y,<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|159}} and played an important role in the 12th-century warfare between Pomeranians, Rani and the Danes.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} In 1162, Wolgast was targeted by an allied Danish-Rani fleet, and temporarily had to accept Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis">Riis, Thomas (2003): ''Das mittelalterliche dänische Ostseeimperium'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes IV), Odense</ref>{{rp\|23–25}} In 1164, in the context of the [[battle of Verchen]], a Danish force under [[Wetheman]] took control of Wolgast, and left it to a mixed Rani-Pomeranian-Obrodite garrison after peace was restored.<ref>Büttner, Bengt (2007): ''Die Pfarreien der Insel Rügen'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern V 42), Cologne, pp. 33–34.</ref><ref>{{citation \|author=Janus Møller Jensen \|chapter=Denmark and the Holy War: A Redefinition of a Traditional Pattern of Conflict in the Baltic in the Twelfth Century \|title=Scandinavia and Europe, 800–1350: Contact, Conflict and Coexistence \|editor1=Jon Adams \|editor2=Kathy Holman \|publisher=Brepols \|year=2004 \|page=229}}.</ref> Yet, the Rani (the Danish allies) were soon expelled by the Pomeranians, and the Obodrites (also Danish allies) left the scene.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|26}} The Danes attacked Wolgast again in the summer of 1167, and again either in late 1167 or in 1168, and [[Siege of Arkona\|devastated the area]].<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|27–28}} In 1177, another Danish assault on Wolgast failed, but a campaign in 1179 was successful, though the Danish fleet accepted money instead of a surrender.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|41}} In 1184, Wolgast was unsuccessfully besieged by the Danes, but finally came under Danish control in 1185 when the Pomeranian duke accepted Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|44–45}} While the Danes lost control over most of Pomerania in 1227, Wolgast remained a Danish bridgehead until either 1241/43 or 1250.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|48}}		Wolgast was made the seat of a Pomeranian [[castellan]]y,<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|159}} and played an important role in the 12th-century warfare between Pomeranians, Rani and the Danes.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} In 1162, Wolgast was targeted by an allied Danish-Rani fleet, and temporarily had to accept Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis">Riis, Thomas (2003): ''Das mittelalterliche dänische Ostseeimperium'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes IV), Odense</ref>{{rp\|23–25}} In 1164, in the context of the [[battle of Verchen]], a Danish force under [[Wetheman]] took control of Wolgast, and left it to a mixed Rani-Pomeranian-Obrodite garrison after peace was restored.<ref>Büttner, Bengt (2007): ''Die Pfarreien der Insel Rügen'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern V 42), Cologne, pp. 33–34.</ref><ref>{{citation \|author=Janus Møller Jensen \|chapter=Denmark and the Holy War: A Redefinition of a Traditional Pattern of Conflict in the Baltic in the Twelfth Century \|title=Scandinavia and Europe, 800–1350: Contact, Conflict and Coexistence \|editor1=Jon Adams \|editor2=Kathy Holman \|publisher=Brepols \|year=2004 \|page=229}}.</ref> Yet, the Rani (the Danish allies) were soon expelled by the Pomeranians, and the Obodrites (also Danish allies) left the scene.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|26}} The Danes attacked Wolgast again in the summer of 1167, and again either in late 1167 or in 1168, and [[Siege of Arkona\|devastated the area]].<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|27–28}} In 1177, another Danish assault on Wolgast failed, but a campaign in 1179 was successful, though the Danish fleet accepted money instead of a surrender.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|41}} In 1184, Wolgast was unsuccessfully besieged by the Danes, but finally came under Danish control in 1185 when the Pomeranian duke accepted Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|44–45}} While the Danes lost control over most of Pomerania in 1227, Wolgast remained a Danish bridgehead until either 1241/43 or 1250.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|48}}
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	Wolgast was residence of the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian dukes]] from 1285 until the ruling [[House of Pomerania]] became extinct in 1637.<ref name=Berger>Berger (2008), p. 361</ref> Capital of ''[[Pomerania-Wolgast]]'', a longtime inner partition of the duchy, [[Wolgast Castle]] was built as a residential palace in [[Renaissance architecture\|Renaissance style]] on an island hence called ''Castle Island''.<ref name=Dubilski>Dubilski (2003), p. 173</ref> The [[List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes\|ducal line of Pomerania-Wolgast]] became extinct when [[Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania\|Philipp Julius]] died without issue.<ref>Wolgast (1995), p. 217</ref>		Wolgast was residence of the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian dukes]] from 1285 until the ruling [[House of Pomerania]] became extinct in 1637.<ref name=Berger>Berger (2008), p. 361</ref> Capital of ''[[Pomerania-Wolgast]]'', a longtime inner partition of the duchy, [[Wolgast Castle]] was built as a residential palace in [[Renaissance architecture\|Renaissance style]] on an island hence called ''Castle Island''.<ref name=Dubilski>Dubilski (2003), p. 173</ref> The [[List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes\|ducal line of Pomerania-Wolgast]] became extinct when [[Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania\|Philipp Julius]] died without issue.<ref>Wolgast (1995), p. 217</ref>

	During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the [[Swedish Empire]] occupied Wolgast [[Treaty of Stettin (1630)\|in 1630]] and kept it as a part of [[Swedish Pomerania]] until 1815. Between the 1670s to 1720s, ~~many~~ male residents enlisted in the [[Dutch East India Company\|VOC]] and emigrated to [[South Africa]]. The former ducal palace decayed, and the town was burned down in 1713 by [[Russian Empire\|Russian forces]] during the [[Great Northern War]], in retaliation for Swedish arson in [[Altona, Hamburg\|Altona]].<ref name=Berger/> Only the church, four chapels and four more buildings were spared by the fire.<ref name=Berger/> Most houses of the Old Town therefore date back to the 18th and 19th centuries,<ref name=Dubilski/> the townhall was renewed after the fire in [[baroque]] style.<ref name=Berger/>		During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the [[Swedish Empire]] occupied Wolgast [[Treaty of Stettin (1630)\|in 1630]] and kept it as a part of [[Swedish Pomerania]] until 1815. Between the 1670s to 1720s, hundreds of male residents enlisted in the [[Dutch East India Company\|VOC]] and emigrated to [[South Africa]]. The former ducal palace decayed, and the town was burned down in 1713 by [[Russian Empire\|Russian forces]] during the [[Great Northern War]], in retaliation for Swedish arson in [[Altona, Hamburg\|Altona]].<ref name=Berger/> Only the church, four chapels and four more buildings were spared by the fire.<ref name=Berger/> Most houses of the Old Town therefore date back to the 18th and 19th centuries,<ref name=Dubilski/> the townhall was renewed after the fire in [[baroque]] style.<ref name=Berger/>

	After the Swedish withdrawal from Pomerania in 1815, the city was integrated into the [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)\|Province of Pomerania]]. Last remnants of the palace were removed in 1849.<ref name=Dubilski/> Wolgast prospered throughout the 19th century as a port for [[grain trade]].<ref name=Berger/> In 1910 a Catholic Church was built for Polish workers <ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.kirche-wolgast.de/index.php/kirchen/herz-jesu-kirche\|title = Herz Jesu Kirche (Kath.)}}</ref>		After the Swedish withdrawal from Pomerania in 1815, the city was integrated into the [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)\|Province of Pomerania]]. Last remnants of the palace were removed in 1849.<ref name=Dubilski/> Wolgast prospered throughout the 19th century as a port for [[grain trade]].<ref name=Berger/> In 1910 a Catholic Church was built for Polish workers <ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.kirche-wolgast.de/index.php/kirchen/herz-jesu-kirche\|title = Herz Jesu Kirche (Kath.)}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:35, 16 April 2023
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	The precursor of present-day Wolgast was a Slavic [[Wends\|Wendish]] stronghold located on an island within the [[Peenestrom]] sound.<ref name="Schmidt">Schmidt, Roderich (<sup>2</sup>2009): ''Das historische Pommern,'' Cologne</ref>{{rp\|159}} Contemporary sources called it ''Hologost(a), Ologost, Woligost, Woligast, Wologost, Wolegast, Wolegust, Walagost(um), Walogost(um), Waløgost(um), Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Valagust, Wołogoszcz'' or ''Valegust''.<ref>Prüf. Vita: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000718_00126.html ''Ologost'']; Ebo III.7: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00001081_00898.html ''Hologost'']; Herbord II.39, III.4–6: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000887_00757.html ''Hologosta'']; Helmold I.38: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html ''Woligost, Woligast'']; 1140 papal bull: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000517_00032.html ''Wologost'']; Scandinavian sources: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000885_00653.html ''Walagostum, Walogostum, Waløgostum, Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Wolegust, Valagust, Valegust'']</ref> Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch traces the name through Wendish to mean a "large grove".<ref>Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch: ''Chronik der Insel Usedom''. W. Dietze, Anklam 1863, S. 243 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=tdoAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA243 Digitalisat])</ref> It is unclear which of the tribes documented in the area the population belonged to, the [[Veleti]]/[[Lutici]] or [[Rani (Slavic tribe)\|Rani]].<ref>Ruchhöft, Fred (2001): ''Die Grenzen der sächsischen Marken im Gebiet der Ostseeslawen im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert'' (Baltische Studien NF 87), pp. 7–23, esp. 19 ff.</ref> In 1123/24, [[Henry (Obotrite prince)\|prince Henry]] of the [[Obodrites]] used the stronghold as a stepping stone in his campaign against the Rani.<ref>Niemeck, Andreas (2002): ''Die Zisterzienserklöster Neuenkamp und Hiddensee im Mittelalter,'' Cologne, p. 12; Helmold [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html I.38].</ref>		The precursor of present-day Wolgast was a Slavic [[Wends\|Wendish]] stronghold located on an island within the [[Peenestrom]] sound.<ref name="Schmidt">Schmidt, Roderich (<sup>2</sup>2009): ''Das historische Pommern,'' Cologne</ref>{{rp\|159}} Contemporary sources called it ''Hologost(a), Ologost, Woligost, Woligast, Wologost, Wolegast, Wolegust, Walagost(um), Walogost(um), Waløgost(um), Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Valagust, Wołogoszcz'' or ''Valegust''.<ref>Prüf. Vita: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000718_00126.html ''Ologost'']; Ebo III.7: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00001081_00898.html ''Hologost'']; Herbord II.39, III.4–6: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000887_00757.html ''Hologosta'']; Helmold I.38: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html ''Woligost, Woligast'']; 1140 papal bull: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000517_00032.html ''Wologost'']; Scandinavian sources: [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000885_00653.html ''Walagostum, Walogostum, Waløgostum, Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Wolegust, Valagust, Valegust'']</ref> Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch traces the name through Wendish to mean a "large grove".<ref>Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch: ''Chronik der Insel Usedom''. W. Dietze, Anklam 1863, S. 243 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=tdoAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA243 Digitalisat])</ref> It is unclear which of the tribes documented in the area the population belonged to, the [[Veleti]]/[[Lutici]] or [[Rani (Slavic tribe)\|Rani]].<ref>Ruchhöft, Fred (2001): ''Die Grenzen der sächsischen Marken im Gebiet der Ostseeslawen im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert'' (Baltische Studien NF 87), pp. 7–23, esp. 19 ff.</ref> In 1123/24, [[Henry (Obotrite prince)\|prince Henry]] of the [[Obodrites]] used the stronghold as a stepping stone in his campaign against the Rani.<ref>Niemeck, Andreas (2002): ''Die Zisterzienserklöster Neuenkamp und Hiddensee im Mittelalter,'' Cologne, p. 12; Helmold [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000735_00106.html I.38].</ref>

	In 1128, after the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian]] duke [[Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania\|Wartislaw I]] had subdued the area, the [[Conversion of Pomerania\|Wends were baptized]] by [[Otto of Bamberg]] on his second Pomeranian mission, while Wartislaw was also present in the stronghold.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|152, 160}} In this context, Wolgast was described as a ''opulentissima civitas'' by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town".<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|157–158}} Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to [[Jarilo\|Gerowit]], a god of war, and replaced it with a church.<ref>"Slawische Religion" in TRE XXXI (2000), p. 398; Ebo III.5 ff.; Herbord III.4 f.</ref><ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} The thesis that this first church was a predecessor of today's St. Peter's church has not yet been confirmed.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}}		In 1128, after the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian]] duke [[Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania\|Wartislaw I]] had subdued the area, the [[Conversion of Pomerania\|Wends were baptized]] by [[Otto of Bamberg]] on his second Pomeranian mission, while Wartislaw was also present in the stronghold. During this time, there was an influx of thousands of [[Low German]] settlers from [[Friesland]].<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|152, 160}} In this context, Wolgast was described as a ''opulentissima civitas'' by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town".<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|157–158}} Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to [[Jarilo\|Gerowit]], a god of war, and replaced it with a church.<ref>"Slawische Religion" in TRE XXXI (2000), p. 398; Ebo III.5 ff.; Herbord III.4 f.</ref><ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} The thesis that this first church was a predecessor of today's St. Peter's church has not yet been confirmed.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}}

	Wolgast was made the seat of a Pomeranian [[castellan]]y,<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|159}} and played an important role in the 12th-century warfare between Pomeranians, Rani and the Danes.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} In 1162, Wolgast was targeted by an allied Danish-Rani fleet, and temporarily had to accept Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis">Riis, Thomas (2003): ''Das mittelalterliche dänische Ostseeimperium'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes IV), Odense</ref>{{rp\|23–25}} In 1164, in the context of the [[battle of Verchen]], a Danish force under [[Wetheman]] took control of Wolgast, and left it to a mixed Rani-Pomeranian-Obrodite garrison after peace was restored.<ref>Büttner, Bengt (2007): ''Die Pfarreien der Insel Rügen'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern V 42), Cologne, pp. 33–34.</ref><ref>{{citation \|author=Janus Møller Jensen \|chapter=Denmark and the Holy War: A Redefinition of a Traditional Pattern of Conflict in the Baltic in the Twelfth Century \|title=Scandinavia and Europe, 800–1350: Contact, Conflict and Coexistence \|editor1=Jon Adams \|editor2=Kathy Holman \|publisher=Brepols \|year=2004 \|page=229}}.</ref> Yet, the Rani (the Danish allies) were soon expelled by the Pomeranians, and the Obodrites (also Danish allies) left the scene.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|26}} The Danes attacked Wolgast again in the summer of 1167, and again either in late 1167 or in 1168, and [[Siege of Arkona\|devastated the area]].<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|27–28}} In 1177, another Danish assault on Wolgast failed, but a campaign in 1179 was successful, though the Danish fleet accepted money instead of a surrender.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|41}} In 1184, Wolgast was unsuccessfully besieged by the Danes, but finally came under Danish control in 1185 when the Pomeranian duke accepted Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|44–45}} While the Danes lost control over most of Pomerania in 1227, Wolgast remained a Danish bridgehead until either 1241/43 or 1250.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|48}}		Wolgast was made the seat of a Pomeranian [[castellan]]y,<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|159}} and played an important role in the 12th-century warfare between Pomeranians, Rani and the Danes.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} In 1162, Wolgast was targeted by an allied Danish-Rani fleet, and temporarily had to accept Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis">Riis, Thomas (2003): ''Das mittelalterliche dänische Ostseeimperium'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes IV), Odense</ref>{{rp\|23–25}} In 1164, in the context of the [[battle of Verchen]], a Danish force under [[Wetheman]] took control of Wolgast, and left it to a mixed Rani-Pomeranian-Obrodite garrison after peace was restored.<ref>Büttner, Bengt (2007): ''Die Pfarreien der Insel Rügen'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern V 42), Cologne, pp. 33–34.</ref><ref>{{citation \|author=Janus Møller Jensen \|chapter=Denmark and the Holy War: A Redefinition of a Traditional Pattern of Conflict in the Baltic in the Twelfth Century \|title=Scandinavia and Europe, 800–1350: Contact, Conflict and Coexistence \|editor1=Jon Adams \|editor2=Kathy Holman \|publisher=Brepols \|year=2004 \|page=229}}.</ref> Yet, the Rani (the Danish allies) were soon expelled by the Pomeranians, and the Obodrites (also Danish allies) left the scene.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|26}} The Danes attacked Wolgast again in the summer of 1167, and again either in late 1167 or in 1168, and [[Siege of Arkona\|devastated the area]].<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|27–28}} In 1177, another Danish assault on Wolgast failed, but a campaign in 1179 was successful, though the Danish fleet accepted money instead of a surrender.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|41}} In 1184, Wolgast was unsuccessfully besieged by the Danes, but finally came under Danish control in 1185 when the Pomeranian duke accepted Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|44–45}} While the Danes lost control over most of Pomerania in 1227, Wolgast remained a Danish bridgehead until either 1241/43 or 1250.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|48}}
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	Wolgast was residence of the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian dukes]] from 1285 until the ruling [[House of Pomerania]] became extinct in 1637.<ref name=Berger>Berger (2008), p. 361</ref> Capital of ''[[Pomerania-Wolgast]]'', a longtime inner partition of the duchy, [[Wolgast Castle]] was built as a residential palace in [[Renaissance architecture\|Renaissance style]] on an island hence called ''Castle Island''.<ref name=Dubilski>Dubilski (2003), p. 173</ref> The [[List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes\|ducal line of Pomerania-Wolgast]] became extinct when [[Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania\|Philipp Julius]] died without issue.<ref>Wolgast (1995), p. 217</ref>		Wolgast was residence of the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian dukes]] from 1285 until the ruling [[House of Pomerania]] became extinct in 1637.<ref name=Berger>Berger (2008), p. 361</ref> Capital of ''[[Pomerania-Wolgast]]'', a longtime inner partition of the duchy, [[Wolgast Castle]] was built as a residential palace in [[Renaissance architecture\|Renaissance style]] on an island hence called ''Castle Island''.<ref name=Dubilski>Dubilski (2003), p. 173</ref> The [[List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes\|ducal line of Pomerania-Wolgast]] became extinct when [[Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania\|Philipp Julius]] died without issue.<ref>Wolgast (1995), p. 217</ref>

	During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the [[Swedish Empire]] occupied Wolgast [[Treaty of Stettin (1630)\|in 1630]] and kept it as a part of [[Swedish Pomerania]] until 1815. The former ducal palace decayed, and the town was burned down in 1713 by [[Russian Empire\|Russian forces]] during the [[Great Northern War]], in retaliation for Swedish arson in [[Altona, Hamburg\|Altona]].<ref name=Berger/> Only the church, four chapels and four more buildings were spared by the fire.<ref name=Berger/> Most houses of the Old Town therefore date back to the 18th and 19th centuries,<ref name=Dubilski/> the townhall was renewed after the fire in [[baroque]] style.<ref name=Berger/>		During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the [[Swedish Empire]] occupied Wolgast [[Treaty of Stettin (1630)\|in 1630]] and kept it as a part of [[Swedish Pomerania]] until 1815. Between the 1670s to 1720s, many male residents enlisted in the [[Dutch East India Company\|VOC]] and emigrated to [[South Africa]]. The former ducal palace decayed, and the town was burned down in 1713 by [[Russian Empire\|Russian forces]] during the [[Great Northern War]], in retaliation for Swedish arson in [[Altona, Hamburg\|Altona]].<ref name=Berger/> Only the church, four chapels and four more buildings were spared by the fire.<ref name=Berger/> Most houses of the Old Town therefore date back to the 18th and 19th centuries,<ref name=Dubilski/> the townhall was renewed after the fire in [[baroque]] style.<ref name=Berger/>

	After the Swedish withdrawal from Pomerania in 1815, the city was integrated into the [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)\|Province of Pomerania]]. Last remnants of the palace were removed in 1849.<ref name=Dubilski/> Wolgast prospered throughout the 19th century as a port for [[grain trade]].<ref name=Berger/> In 1910 a Catholic Church was built for Polish workers <ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.kirche-wolgast.de/index.php/kirchen/herz-jesu-kirche\|title = Herz Jesu Kirche (Kath.)}}</ref>		After the Swedish withdrawal from Pomerania in 1815, the city was integrated into the [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)\|Province of Pomerania]]. Last remnants of the palace were removed in 1849.<ref name=Dubilski/> Wolgast prospered throughout the 19th century as a port for [[grain trade]].<ref name=Berger/> In 1910 a Catholic Church was built for Polish workers <ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.kirche-wolgast.de/index.php/kirchen/herz-jesu-kirche\|title = Herz Jesu Kirche (Kath.)}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:11, 21 January 2023
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	In 1128, after the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian]] duke [[Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania\|Wartislaw I]] had subdued the area, the [[Conversion of Pomerania\|Wends were baptized]] by [[Otto of Bamberg]] on his second Pomeranian mission, while Wartislaw was also present in the stronghold.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|152, 160}} In this context, Wolgast was described as a ''opulentissima civitas'' by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town".<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|157–158}} Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to [[Jarilo\|Gerowit]], a god of war, and replaced it with a church.<ref>"Slawische Religion" in TRE XXXI (2000), p. 398; Ebo III.5 ff.; Herbord III.4 f.</ref><ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} The thesis that this first church was a predecessor of today's St. Peter's church has not yet been confirmed.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}}		In 1128, after the [[Duchy of Pomerania\|Pomeranian]] duke [[Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania\|Wartislaw I]] had subdued the area, the [[Conversion of Pomerania\|Wends were baptized]] by [[Otto of Bamberg]] on his second Pomeranian mission, while Wartislaw was also present in the stronghold.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|152, 160}} In this context, Wolgast was described as a ''opulentissima civitas'' by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town".<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|157–158}} Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to [[Jarilo\|Gerowit]], a god of war, and replaced it with a church.<ref>"Slawische Religion" in TRE XXXI (2000), p. 398; Ebo III.5 ff.; Herbord III.4 f.</ref><ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} The thesis that this first church was a predecessor of today's St. Peter's church has not yet been confirmed.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}}

	Wolgast was made the seat of a Pomeranian [[castellan]]y,<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|159}} and played an important role in the 12th-century warfare between Pomeranians, Rani and the Danes.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} In 1162, Wolgast was targeted by an allied Danish-Rani fleet, and temporarily had to accept Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis">Riis, Thomas (2003): ''Das mittelalterliche dänische Ostseeimperium'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes IV), Odense</ref>{{rp\|23–25}} In 1164, in the context of the [[battle of Verchen]], a Danish force under [[Wetheman]] took control of Wolgast, and left it to a mixed Rani-Pomeranian-Obrodite garrison after peace was restored.<ref>Büttner, Bengt (2007): ''Die Pfarreien der Insel Rügen'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern V 42), Cologne, pp. 33–34.</ref><ref>{{citation \|author=Janus Møller Jensen \|chapter=Denmark and the Holy War: A Redefinition of a Traditional Pattern of Conflict in the Baltic in the Twelfth Century \|title=Scandinavia and Europe, 800–1350: Contact, Conflict and Coexistence \|editor1=Jon Adams \|editor2=Kathy Holman \|publisher=Brepols \|year=2004 \|page=229}}.</ref> Yet, the Rani (the Danish allies) were soon expelled by the Pomeranians, and the Obodrites (also Danish allies) left the scene.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|26}} The Danes attacked Wolgast again in the summer of 1167, and again either in late 1167 or in 1168, and devastated the area.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|27–28}} In 1177, another Danish assault on Wolgast failed, but a campaign in 1179 was successful, though the Danish fleet accepted money instead of a surrender.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|41}} In 1184, Wolgast was unsuccessfully besieged by the Danes, but finally came under Danish control in 1185 when the Pomeranian duke accepted Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|44–45}} While the Danes lost control over most of Pomerania in 1227, Wolgast remained a Danish bridgehead until either 1241/43 or 1250.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|48}}		Wolgast was made the seat of a Pomeranian [[castellan]]y,<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|159}} and played an important role in the 12th-century warfare between Pomeranians, Rani and the Danes.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|158}} In 1162, Wolgast was targeted by an allied Danish-Rani fleet, and temporarily had to accept Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis">Riis, Thomas (2003): ''Das mittelalterliche dänische Ostseeimperium'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes IV), Odense</ref>{{rp\|23–25}} In 1164, in the context of the [[battle of Verchen]], a Danish force under [[Wetheman]] took control of Wolgast, and left it to a mixed Rani-Pomeranian-Obrodite garrison after peace was restored.<ref>Büttner, Bengt (2007): ''Die Pfarreien der Insel Rügen'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern V 42), Cologne, pp. 33–34.</ref><ref>{{citation \|author=Janus Møller Jensen \|chapter=Denmark and the Holy War: A Redefinition of a Traditional Pattern of Conflict in the Baltic in the Twelfth Century \|title=Scandinavia and Europe, 800–1350: Contact, Conflict and Coexistence \|editor1=Jon Adams \|editor2=Kathy Holman \|publisher=Brepols \|year=2004 \|page=229}}.</ref> Yet, the Rani (the Danish allies) were soon expelled by the Pomeranians, and the Obodrites (also Danish allies) left the scene.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|26}} The Danes attacked Wolgast again in the summer of 1167, and again either in late 1167 or in 1168, and [[Siege of Arkona\|devastated the area]].<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|27–28}} In 1177, another Danish assault on Wolgast failed, but a campaign in 1179 was successful, though the Danish fleet accepted money instead of a surrender.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|41}} In 1184, Wolgast was unsuccessfully besieged by the Danes, but finally came under Danish control in 1185 when the Pomeranian duke accepted Danish suzerainty.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|44–45}} While the Danes lost control over most of Pomerania in 1227, Wolgast remained a Danish bridgehead until either 1241/43 or 1250.<ref name="Riis"/>{{rp\|48}}

	On the mainland opposite to island with the castle, a new planned town was built in the course of the [[Ostsiedlung]].<ref>Müller-Mertens, Eckhard (1999): ''Stadtgründungen ...'' in Riis et al.: ''Stadtwerdung und städtische Typologie des Ostseegebietes bis zur Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes III), Odense, pp. 113–150; esp. 121.</ref> It is not known when exactly this city of Wolgast was granted [[German town law]], though its existence is confirmed by a letter written in or before 1259.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|160}} The original charter was issued by both Pomeranian dukes of the time, [[Wartislaw III]] and [[Barnim I]], and a confirmation of the [[Lübeck law]] was issued in 1282 by duke [[Bogislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania\|Bogislaw IV]].<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|160–161}}		On the mainland opposite to island with the castle, a new planned town was built in the course of the [[Ostsiedlung]].<ref>Müller-Mertens, Eckhard (1999): ''Stadtgründungen ...'' in Riis et al.: ''Stadtwerdung und städtische Typologie des Ostseegebietes bis zur Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts'' (Studien zur Geschichte des Ostseeraumes III), Odense, pp. 113–150; esp. 121.</ref> It is not known when exactly this city of Wolgast was granted [[German town law]], though its existence is confirmed by a letter written in or before 1259.<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|160}} The original charter was issued by both Pomeranian dukes of the time, [[Wartislaw III]] and [[Barnim I]], and a confirmation of the [[Lübeck law]] was issued in 1282 by duke [[Bogislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania\|Bogislaw IV]].<ref name="Schmidt"/>{{rp\|160–161}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:14, 19 December 2023
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	== Notable people ==		== Notable people ==
	[[File:Acta Horti berg. - 1905 - tafl. 126 - Theodor Wolgast Marsson.png\|~~180px~~\|thumb\|Theodor Wolgast Marsson]]		[[File:Acta Horti berg. - 1905 - tafl. 126 - Theodor Wolgast Marsson.png\|150px\|thumb\|Theodor Wolgast Marsson]]
	[[File:Wolgast Stahl-Klappbrücke 1996 für Straßer B111 und Schiene über Peenestrom Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Foto Wolfgang Pehlemann 2009 IMG 7659.jpg\|thumb\|Bascule bridge in Wolgast over the Peenestrom]]		[[File:Wolgast Stahl-Klappbrücke 1996 für Straßer B111 und Schiene über Peenestrom Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Foto Wolfgang Pehlemann 2009 IMG 7659.jpg\|thumb\|150px\|Bascule bridge in Wolgast over the Peenestrom]]
	* [[Barnim VII, Duke of Pomerania]] (1390–1450) Duke of Pomerania		* [[Barnim VII, Duke of Pomerania]] (1390–1450) Duke of Pomerania
	* [[Ernst Ludwig, Duke of Pomerania]] (1545–1592) duke of Pomerania		* [[Ernst Ludwig, Duke of Pomerania]] (1545–1592) duke of Pomerania
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	* [[Casimir VI, Duke of Pomerania]] (1557–1605) a non-reigning duke of Pomerania		* [[Casimir VI, Duke of Pomerania]] (1557–1605) a non-reigning duke of Pomerania
	* [[Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania]] (1584–1625) duke of Pomerania		* [[Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania]] (1584–1625) duke of Pomerania
	* [[Otto Wolgast]] (1640-1681) early settler in Delaware, ~~United~~ ~~States and founder of~~ the [[Zwaanendael Colony]]		* [[Otto Wolgast]] (1640-1681) early settler in [[Delaware]], USA; founded the [[Zwaanendael Colony]]
	* [[Johann Philipp Palthen]] (1672–1710) a Western Pomeranian historian and philologist		* [[Johann Philipp Palthen]] (1672–1710) a Western Pomeranian historian and philologist
	* [[Philipp Otto Runge]] (1777–1810) a Romantic German painter and draughtsman		* [[Philipp Otto Runge]] (1777–1810) a Romantic German painter and draughtsman
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	* [[Theodor Marsson]] (1816–1892) a German pharmacist and botanist		* [[Theodor Marsson]] (1816–1892) a German pharmacist and botanist
	* [[Willy Stöwer]] (1864–1931) a German artist, illustrator and author		* [[Willy Stöwer]] (1864–1931) a German artist, illustrator and author
	* [[~~Hans-Ulrich~~ ~~Grapenthin~~]] (born ~~1943~~) a German ~~former footballer who played 308 games for FC Carl Zeiss Jena~~		* [[Hartmut Piniek]] (born 1950), a German painter.
			=== Sport ===
			* [[Hans-Ulrich Grapenthin]] (born 1943) former footballer, played 308 games for [[FC Carl Zeiss Jena]]
	* [[Axel Kruse]] (born 1967) a former German association footballer and American football player.		* [[Axel Kruse]] (born 1967) a former German association footballer and American football player.
	* [[Franka Dietzsch]] (born 1968) a former German discus thrower		* [[Franka Dietzsch]] (born 1968) a former German discus thrower
			* [[Enrico Neitzel]] (born 1977), footballer, played over 350 games
	* [[Johannes Sellin]] (born 1990) a German handball player		* [[Johannes Sellin]] (born 1990) a German handball player