Worldwide LHC Computing Grid - Revision history

69.223.55.1: Added up-to-date information as of 2024, since the WLCG has likely seen substantial upgrades since initially going online roughly 15 years ago.

2024-08-12T12:27:05Z

Added up-to-date information as of 2024, since the WLCG has likely seen substantial upgrades since initially going online roughly 15 years ago.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:27, 12 August 2024
Line 18:		Line 18:
	[[File:Rack of Worldwide LHC Computing Grid.jpg\|thumb\|servers rack of Worldwide LHC Computing Grid in CERN]]		[[File:Rack of Worldwide LHC Computing Grid.jpg\|thumb\|servers rack of Worldwide LHC Computing Grid in CERN]]
	By 2012, data from over 300 trillion (3×10<sup>14</sup>) LHC proton-proton collisions had been analyzed,<ref name="msnbc-discovery">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120615043418/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/47783507/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/hunt-higgs-boson-hits-key-decision-point/ Hunt for Higgs boson hits key decision point]</ref> and LHC collision data was being produced at approximately 25 [[petabyte]]s per year. {{As of\|2017\|post,}} the LHC Computing Grid is the world's largest [[Grid computing\|computing grid]] comprising over 170 computing facilities in a [[Distributed computing\|worldwide network]] across 42 countries<ref name="msnbc-discovery" /><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/about Worldwide LHC Computing Grid about page] 2017: ''"Even after filtering out 99% of it, in 2017 we're expecting to gather around 50 petabytes of data. That's 50 million gigabytes, the equivalent to nearly 15 million high-definition (HD) movies."''</ref><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/ Worldwide LHC Computing Grid main page] 2017: ''"WLCG is the world's largest computing grid. It is supported by many associated national and international grids across the world, such as European Grid Initiative (Europe-based) and Open Science Grid (US-based), as well as many other regional grids."''</ref> scattered around the world that produce a massive distributed computing infrastructure with about 1,000,000 CPU cores, providing more than 10,000 physicists around the world with near real-time access to the [[LHC]] data, and the power to process it.		By 2012, data from over 300 trillion (3×10<sup>14</sup>) LHC proton-proton collisions had been analyzed,<ref name="msnbc-discovery">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120615043418/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/47783507/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/hunt-higgs-boson-hits-key-decision-point/ Hunt for Higgs boson hits key decision point]</ref> and LHC collision data was being produced at approximately 25 [[petabyte]]s per year. {{As of\|2017\|post,}} the LHC Computing Grid is the world's largest [[Grid computing\|computing grid]] comprising over 170 computing facilities in a [[Distributed computing\|worldwide network]] across 42 countries<ref name="msnbc-discovery" /><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/about Worldwide LHC Computing Grid about page] 2017: ''"Even after filtering out 99% of it, in 2017 we're expecting to gather around 50 petabytes of data. That's 50 million gigabytes, the equivalent to nearly 15 million high-definition (HD) movies."''</ref><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/ Worldwide LHC Computing Grid main page] 2017: ''"WLCG is the world's largest computing grid. It is supported by many associated national and international grids across the world, such as European Grid Initiative (Europe-based) and Open Science Grid (US-based), as well as many other regional grids."''</ref> scattered around the world that produce a massive distributed computing infrastructure with about 1,000,000 CPU cores, providing more than 10,000 physicists around the world with near real-time access to the [[LHC]] data, and the power to process it.

			According to the [https://home.cern/science/computing/grid WLCG Website] as of 2024: "WLCG combines about 1.4 million computer cores and 1.5 exabytes of storage from over 170 sites in 42 countries [...] It runs over 2 million tasks per day and [...] global transfer rates exceeded 260 GB/s." Indicating substantial upgrades to WLCG over time beyond its initial release.

	==Background==		==Background==

CoolieCoolster: Added non-breaking space to non-template file size, frequency, bitrate, and bandwidth values (via WP:JWB)

2024-04-25T23:05:57Z

Added non-breaking space to non-template file size, frequency, bitrate, and bandwidth values (via WP:JWB)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:05, 25 April 2024
Line 29:		Line 29:
	It incorporates both private [[fiber-optic cable]] links and existing high-speed portions of the public [[Internet]]. At the end of 2010, the Grid consisted of some 200,000 processing cores and 150 [[petabytes]] of disk space, distributed across 34 countries.<ref name="nature">{{cite journal \|title=High-energy physics: Down the petabyte highway \|journal= Nature \|date= 19 January 2011 \|author= Geoff Brumfiel \|doi= 10.1038/469282a \|volume= 469 \|issue= 7330 \|pages= 282–283 \|pmid=21248814\|bibcode= 2011Natur.469..282B \|doi-access= free }}</ref>		It incorporates both private [[fiber-optic cable]] links and existing high-speed portions of the public [[Internet]]. At the end of 2010, the Grid consisted of some 200,000 processing cores and 150 [[petabytes]] of disk space, distributed across 34 countries.<ref name="nature">{{cite journal \|title=High-energy physics: Down the petabyte highway \|journal= Nature \|date= 19 January 2011 \|author= Geoff Brumfiel \|doi= 10.1038/469282a \|volume= 469 \|issue= 7330 \|pages= 282–283 \|pmid=21248814\|bibcode= 2011Natur.469..282B \|doi-access= free }}</ref>

	The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.		The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.

	The project was expected to generate multiple [[Terabytes\|TB]] of raw data and event summary data, which represents the output of calculations done by the [[CPU]] farm at the CERN data center. This data is sent out from CERN to thirteen Tier 1 academic institutions in Europe, Asia, and North America,<ref>{{Cite web \|title= The Grid: A system of tiers \|publisher= CERN \|url= https://home.cern/about/computing/grid-system-tiers \|access-date= 2 October 2017 }}</ref> via dedicated links with 10 Gbit/s or higher of bandwidth. This is called the LHC Optical Private Network.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Network transfer architecture \|publisher= CERN \|url= http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/public/data_transfer.htm \|access-date= 2 October 2011 }}</ref>		The project was expected to generate multiple [[Terabytes\|TB]] of raw data and event summary data, which represents the output of calculations done by the [[CPU]] farm at the CERN data center. This data is sent out from CERN to thirteen Tier 1 academic institutions in Europe, Asia, and North America,<ref>{{Cite web \|title= The Grid: A system of tiers \|publisher= CERN \|url= https://home.cern/about/computing/grid-system-tiers \|access-date= 2 October 2017 }}</ref> via dedicated links with 10 Gbit/s or higher of bandwidth. This is called the LHC Optical Private Network.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Network transfer architecture \|publisher= CERN \|url= http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/public/data_transfer.htm \|access-date= 2 October 2011 }}</ref>
	More than 150 Tier 2 institutions are connected to the Tier 1 institutions by general-purpose [[national research and education network]]s.<ref name="gridcafe">[http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html final-draft-4-key<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526104330/http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html \|date=May 26, 2008 }}</ref>		More than 150 Tier 2 institutions are connected to the Tier 1 institutions by general-purpose [[national research and education network]]s.<ref name="gridcafe">[http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html final-draft-4-key<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526104330/http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html \|date=May 26, 2008 }}</ref>
	The data produced by the LHC on all of its distributed computing grid is expected to add up to 200 [[Petabyte\|PB]] of data each year.<ref>{{cite news\|date=28 April 2008\|url=http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?featureid=4074&pn=2\|publisher=Techworld.com\|title=Parallel Internet: Inside the Worldwide LHC computing grid\|first=Jon\|last=Brodkin}}</ref> In total, the four main detectors at the LHC produced 13 petabytes of data in 2010.<ref name="nature"/>		The data produced by the LHC on all of its distributed computing grid is expected to add up to 200 [[Petabyte\|PB]] of data each year.<ref>{{cite news\|date=28 April 2008\|url=http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?featureid=4074&pn=2\|publisher=Techworld.com\|title=Parallel Internet: Inside the Worldwide LHC computing grid\|first=Jon\|last=Brodkin}}</ref> In total, the four main detectors at the LHC produced 13 petabytes of data in 2010.<ref name="nature"/>

Kvng: compound modifier

2023-11-24T21:37:55Z

compound modifier

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:37, 24 November 2023
Line 27:		Line 27:
	A popular 2008 press article predicted "the internet could soon be made obsolete" by its technology.<ref>{{Cite news\|title=Coming soon: superfast internet \|work=The Times \|location=London \|author=Jonathan Leake \|date=6 April 2008 \|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article3689881.ece \|access-date=25 January 2013 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805105551/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article3689881.ece \|archive-date=August 5, 2011 }}</ref>		A popular 2008 press article predicted "the internet could soon be made obsolete" by its technology.<ref>{{Cite news\|title=Coming soon: superfast internet \|work=The Times \|location=London \|author=Jonathan Leake \|date=6 April 2008 \|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article3689881.ece \|access-date=25 January 2013 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805105551/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article3689881.ece \|archive-date=August 5, 2011 }}</ref>
	CERN had to publish its own articles trying to clear up the confusion.<ref>{{Cite news \|title= The Grid: separating fact from fiction \|publisher= CERN \|date= May 2008 \|url= http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/spotlight/SpotlightGridFactsAndFiction-en.html \|access-date= 25 January 2013 }} Adapted from an article originally published in Symmetry Breaking.</ref>		CERN had to publish its own articles trying to clear up the confusion.<ref>{{Cite news \|title= The Grid: separating fact from fiction \|publisher= CERN \|date= May 2008 \|url= http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/spotlight/SpotlightGridFactsAndFiction-en.html \|access-date= 25 January 2013 }} Adapted from an article originally published in Symmetry Breaking.</ref>
	It incorporates both private [[fiber optic cable]] links and existing high-speed portions of the public [[Internet]]. At the end of 2010, the Grid consisted of some 200,000 processing cores and 150 [[petabytes]] of disk space, distributed across 34 countries.<ref name="nature">{{cite journal \|title=High-energy physics: Down the petabyte highway \|journal= Nature \|date= 19 January 2011 \|author= Geoff Brumfiel \|doi= 10.1038/469282a \|volume= 469 \|issue= 7330 \|pages= 282–283 \|pmid=21248814\|bibcode= 2011Natur.469..282B \|doi-access= free }}</ref>		It incorporates both private [[fiber-optic cable]] links and existing high-speed portions of the public [[Internet]]. At the end of 2010, the Grid consisted of some 200,000 processing cores and 150 [[petabytes]] of disk space, distributed across 34 countries.<ref name="nature">{{cite journal \|title=High-energy physics: Down the petabyte highway \|journal= Nature \|date= 19 January 2011 \|author= Geoff Brumfiel \|doi= 10.1038/469282a \|volume= 469 \|issue= 7330 \|pages= 282–283 \|pmid=21248814\|bibcode= 2011Natur.469..282B \|doi-access= free }}</ref>

	The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.		The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.

EdwardKaravakis: Some corrections

2023-11-08T09:12:10Z

Some corrections

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:12, 8 November 2023
Line 17:		Line 17:

	[[File:Rack of Worldwide LHC Computing Grid.jpg\|thumb\|servers rack of Worldwide LHC Computing Grid in CERN]]		[[File:Rack of Worldwide LHC Computing Grid.jpg\|thumb\|servers rack of Worldwide LHC Computing Grid in CERN]]
	By 2012, data from over 300 trillion (3×10<sup>14</sup>) LHC proton-proton collisions had been analyzed,<ref name="msnbc-discovery">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120615043418/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/47783507/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/hunt-higgs-boson-hits-key-decision-point/ Hunt for Higgs boson hits key decision point]</ref> and LHC collision data was being produced at approximately 25 [[petabyte]]s per year. {{As of\|2017\|post,}} the LHC Computing Grid is the world's largest [[Grid computing\|computing grid]] comprising over 170 computing facilities in a [[Distributed computing\|worldwide network]] across 42 countries.<ref name="msnbc-discovery" /><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/about Worldwide LHC Computing Grid about page] 2017: ''"Even after filtering out 99% of it, in 2017 we're expecting to gather around 50 petabytes of data. That's 50 million gigabytes, the equivalent to nearly 15 million high-definition (HD) movies."''</ref><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/ Worldwide LHC Computing Grid main page] 2017: ''"WLCG is the world's largest computing grid. It is supported by many associated national and international grids across the world, such as European Grid Initiative (Europe-based) and Open Science Grid (US-based), as well as many other regional grids."''</ref>		By 2012, data from over 300 trillion (3×10<sup>14</sup>) LHC proton-proton collisions had been analyzed,<ref name="msnbc-discovery">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120615043418/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/47783507/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/hunt-higgs-boson-hits-key-decision-point/ Hunt for Higgs boson hits key decision point]</ref> and LHC collision data was being produced at approximately 25 [[petabyte]]s per year. {{As of\|2017\|post,}} the LHC Computing Grid is the world's largest [[Grid computing\|computing grid]] comprising over 170 computing facilities in a [[Distributed computing\|worldwide network]] across 42 countries<ref name="msnbc-discovery" /><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/about Worldwide LHC Computing Grid about page] 2017: ''"Even after filtering out 99% of it, in 2017 we're expecting to gather around 50 petabytes of data. That's 50 million gigabytes, the equivalent to nearly 15 million high-definition (HD) movies."''</ref><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/ Worldwide LHC Computing Grid main page] 2017: ''"WLCG is the world's largest computing grid. It is supported by many associated national and international grids across the world, such as European Grid Initiative (Europe-based) and Open Science Grid (US-based), as well as many other regional grids."''</ref> scattered around the world that produce a massive distributed computing infrastructure with about 1,000,000 CPU cores, providing more than 10,000 physicists around the world with near real-time access to the [[LHC]] data, and the power to process it.

	==Background==		==Background==

Jhg73gds82s7: updating to give the newer status

2023-07-23T03:08:27Z

updating to give the newer status

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:08, 23 July 2023
Line 31:		Line 31:
	The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.		The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.

	The project was expected to generate 27 [[~~Terabyte~~\|TB]] of raw data ~~per~~ ~~day, plus 10 TB of "~~event summary data", which represents the output of calculations done by the [[CPU]] farm at the CERN data center. This data is sent out from CERN to thirteen Tier 1 academic institutions in Europe, Asia, and North America,<ref>{{Cite web \|title= The Grid: A system of tiers \|publisher= CERN \|url= https://home.cern/about/computing/grid-system-tiers \|access-date= 2 October 2017 }}</ref> via dedicated links with 10 Gbit/s or higher of bandwidth. This is called the LHC Optical Private Network.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Network transfer architecture \|publisher= CERN \|url= http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/public/data_transfer.htm \|access-date= 2 October 2011 }}</ref>		The project was expected to generate multiple [[Terabytes\|TB]] of raw data and event summary data, which represents the output of calculations done by the [[CPU]] farm at the CERN data center. This data is sent out from CERN to thirteen Tier 1 academic institutions in Europe, Asia, and North America,<ref>{{Cite web \|title= The Grid: A system of tiers \|publisher= CERN \|url= https://home.cern/about/computing/grid-system-tiers \|access-date= 2 October 2017 }}</ref> via dedicated links with 10 Gbit/s or higher of bandwidth. This is called the LHC Optical Private Network.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Network transfer architecture \|publisher= CERN \|url= http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/public/data_transfer.htm \|access-date= 2 October 2011 }}</ref>
	More than 150 Tier 2 institutions are connected to the Tier 1 institutions by general-purpose [[national research and education network]]s.<ref name="gridcafe">[http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html final-draft-4-key<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526104330/http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html \|date=May 26, 2008 }}</ref>		More than 150 Tier 2 institutions are connected to the Tier 1 institutions by general-purpose [[national research and education network]]s.<ref name="gridcafe">[http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html final-draft-4-key<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526104330/http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html \|date=May 26, 2008 }}</ref>
	The data produced by the LHC on all of its distributed computing grid is expected to add up to ~~10–15~~ [[Petabyte\|PB]] of data each year.<ref>{{cite news\|date=28 April 2008\|url=http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?featureid=4074&pn=2\|publisher=Techworld.com\|title=Parallel Internet: Inside the Worldwide LHC computing grid\|first=Jon\|last=Brodkin}}</ref> In total, the four main detectors at the LHC produced 13 petabytes of data in 2010.<ref name="nature"/>		The data produced by the LHC on all of its distributed computing grid is expected to add up to 200 [[Petabyte\|PB]] of data each year.<ref>{{cite news\|date=28 April 2008\|url=http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?featureid=4074&pn=2\|publisher=Techworld.com\|title=Parallel Internet: Inside the Worldwide LHC computing grid\|first=Jon\|last=Brodkin}}</ref> In total, the four main detectors at the LHC produced 13 petabytes of data in 2010.<ref name="nature"/>

	The Tier 1 institutions receive specific subsets of the raw data, for which they serve as a backup repository for CERN. They also perform reprocessing when recalibration is necessary.<ref name="gridcafe" /> The primary configuration for the computers used in the grid is based on [[CentOS]].<ref name="CERN">{{Cite web\|title = Linux @ CERN: /linux/nextversion.shtml\|url = http://linux.web.cern.ch/linux/nextversion.shtml\|website = linux.web.cern.ch\|access-date = 2016-02-07\|last = CERN}}</ref> In 2015, CERN switched away from [[Scientific Linux]] to CentOS.<ref name="CERN"/>		The Tier 1 institutions receive specific subsets of the raw data, for which they serve as a backup repository for CERN. They also perform reprocessing when recalibration is necessary.<ref name="gridcafe" /> The primary configuration for the computers used in the grid is based on [[CentOS]].<ref name="CERN">{{Cite web\|title = Linux @ CERN: /linux/nextversion.shtml\|url = http://linux.web.cern.ch/linux/nextversion.shtml\|website = linux.web.cern.ch\|access-date = 2016-02-07\|last = CERN}}</ref> In 2015, CERN switched away from [[Scientific Linux]] to CentOS.<ref name="CERN"/>

	[[Distributed computing]] resources for analysis by end-user physicists are provided by ~~the~~ ~~[[Open~~ ~~Science~~ ~~Grid]],~~ ~~[[Enabling Grids for E-sciencE]]~~,~~<ref~~ ~~name="gridcafe"~~ /> and ~~[[LHC@home]]~~ ~~projects~~.		[[Distributed computing]] resources for analysis by end-user physicists are provided by multiple federations across the Europe, Asia Pacific and the Americas.

	==See also==		==See also==

Bibliophilen: Replaced category LHC with CERN. The computing grid is primarily not linked to the accelerator itself.

2023-05-16T04:52:30Z

Replaced category LHC with CERN. The computing grid is primarily not linked to the accelerator itself.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 04:52, 16 May 2023
Line 55:		Line 55:
	[[Category:E-Science]]		[[Category:E-Science]]
	[[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]]		[[Category:Information technology organizations based in Europe]]
	[[Category:~~Large Hadron Collider~~]]		[[Category:CERN]]

Srnec~skwiki: added picture

2022-06-12T20:18:24Z

added picture

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:18, 12 June 2022
Line 16:		Line 16:
	\| access-date =2017-08-04}}</ref>		\| access-date =2017-08-04}}</ref>

			[[File:Rack of Worldwide LHC Computing Grid.jpg\|thumb\|servers rack of Worldwide LHC Computing Grid in CERN]]
	By 2012, data from over 300 trillion (3×10<sup>14</sup>) LHC proton-proton collisions had been analyzed,<ref name="msnbc-discovery">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120615043418/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/47783507/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/hunt-higgs-boson-hits-key-decision-point/ Hunt for Higgs boson hits key decision point]</ref> and LHC collision data was being produced at approximately 25 [[petabyte]]s per year. {{As of\|2017\|post,}} the LHC Computing Grid is the world's largest [[Grid computing\|computing grid]] comprising over 170 computing facilities in a [[Distributed computing\|worldwide network]] across 42 countries.<ref name="msnbc-discovery" /><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/about Worldwide LHC Computing Grid about page] 2017: ''"Even after filtering out 99% of it, in 2017 we're expecting to gather around 50 petabytes of data. That's 50 million gigabytes, the equivalent to nearly 15 million high-definition (HD) movies."''</ref><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/ Worldwide LHC Computing Grid main page] 2017: ''"WLCG is the world's largest computing grid. It is supported by many associated national and international grids across the world, such as European Grid Initiative (Europe-based) and Open Science Grid (US-based), as well as many other regional grids."''</ref>		By 2012, data from over 300 trillion (3×10<sup>14</sup>) LHC proton-proton collisions had been analyzed,<ref name="msnbc-discovery">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120615043418/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/47783507/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/hunt-higgs-boson-hits-key-decision-point/ Hunt for Higgs boson hits key decision point]</ref> and LHC collision data was being produced at approximately 25 [[petabyte]]s per year. {{As of\|2017\|post,}} the LHC Computing Grid is the world's largest [[Grid computing\|computing grid]] comprising over 170 computing facilities in a [[Distributed computing\|worldwide network]] across 42 countries.<ref name="msnbc-discovery" /><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/about Worldwide LHC Computing Grid about page] 2017: ''"Even after filtering out 99% of it, in 2017 we're expecting to gather around 50 petabytes of data. That's 50 million gigabytes, the equivalent to nearly 15 million high-definition (HD) movies."''</ref><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/ Worldwide LHC Computing Grid main page] 2017: ''"WLCG is the world's largest computing grid. It is supported by many associated national and international grids across the world, such as European Grid Initiative (Europe-based) and Open Science Grid (US-based), as well as many other regional grids."''</ref>

VulcanSphere: Adding short description: "Grid computing project" (Shortdesc helper)

2022-04-28T01:58:32Z

Adding short description: "Grid computing project" (Shortdesc helper)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:58, 28 April 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Short description\|Grid computing project}}
	{{cleanup\|reason=[[Talk:Worldwide LHC Computing Grid#Inconsistences]]\|date=March 2014}}		{{cleanup\|reason=[[Talk:Worldwide LHC Computing Grid#Inconsistences]]\|date=March 2014}}

Pkbwcgs: /* See also */Removing template per TfD; typo fixing enabled

2021-04-16T16:23:32Z

See also: Removing template per TfD; typo fixing enabled

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:23, 16 April 2021
Line 38:		Line 38:

	==See also==		==See also==
	{{Wikipedia books\|Large Hadron Collider}}
	* [[CERN openlab]]		* [[CERN openlab]]

Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 12 templates: del empty params (2×); hyphenate params (10×);

2021-01-24T02:14:59Z

Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 12 templates: del empty params (2×); hyphenate params (10×);

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:14, 24 January 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{cleanup\|reason=[[Talk:Worldwide LHC Computing Grid#Inconsistences]]\|date=March 2014}}		{{cleanup\|reason=[[Talk:Worldwide LHC Computing Grid#Inconsistences]]\|date=March 2014}}

	The '''Worldwide LHC Computing Grid''' ('''WLCG'''), formerly (until 2006)<ref>{{cite news \| url = http://www.isgtw.org/feature/happy-10th-birthday-wlcg\| title = Happy 10th Birthday, WLCG!\| work =International Grid Science This Week\| first=Jacqui \|last=Hayes \| date=21 December 2011\|~~accessdate~~=2012-12-20}}</ref> the '''LHC Computing Grid''' ('''LCG'''), is an international collaborative project that consists of a grid-based [[computer network]] infrastructure incorporating over 170 computing centers in 42 countries, {{as of\|lc=y\|2017}}. It was designed by [[CERN]] to handle the prodigious volume of data produced by [[Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC) experiments.<ref name=wwlhccg>		The '''Worldwide LHC Computing Grid''' ('''WLCG'''), formerly (until 2006)<ref>{{cite news \| url = http://www.isgtw.org/feature/happy-10th-birthday-wlcg\| title = Happy 10th Birthday, WLCG!\| work =International Grid Science This Week\| first=Jacqui \|last=Hayes \| date=21 December 2011\|access-date=2012-12-20}}</ref> the '''LHC Computing Grid''' ('''LCG'''), is an international collaborative project that consists of a grid-based [[computer network]] infrastructure incorporating over 170 computing centers in 42 countries, {{as of\|lc=y\|2017}}. It was designed by [[CERN]] to handle the prodigious volume of data produced by [[Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC) experiments.<ref name=wwlhccg>
	{{Citation		{{Citation
	\| date =January 2017		\| date =January 2017
	\| title =Worldwide LHC Computing Grid		\| title =Worldwide LHC Computing Grid
	\| publisher =[[CERN]]		\| publisher =[[CERN]]
	\| page =
	\| url =http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/		\| url =http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/
	\| ~~accessdate~~ =2017-08-04}}</ref><ref>		\| access-date =2017-08-04}}</ref><ref>
	{{Citation		{{Citation
	\| date =January 2017		\| date =January 2017
	\| title =About		\| title =About
	\| publisher =[[CERN]]		\| publisher =[[CERN]]
	\| page =
	\| url =http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/about		\| url =http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/about
	\| ~~accessdate~~ =2017-08-04}}</ref>		\| access-date =2017-08-04}}</ref>

	By 2012, data from over 300 trillion (3×10<sup>14</sup>) LHC proton-proton collisions had been analyzed,<ref name="msnbc-discovery">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120615043418/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/47783507/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/hunt-higgs-boson-hits-key-decision-point/ Hunt for Higgs boson hits key decision point]</ref> and LHC collision data was being produced at approximately 25 [[petabyte]]s per year. {{As of\|2017\|post,}} the LHC Computing Grid is the world's largest [[Grid computing\|computing grid]] comprising over 170 computing facilities in a [[Distributed computing\|worldwide network]] across 42 countries.<ref name="msnbc-discovery" /><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/about Worldwide LHC Computing Grid about page] 2017: ''"Even after filtering out 99% of it, in 2017 we're expecting to gather around 50 petabytes of data. That's 50 million gigabytes, the equivalent to nearly 15 million high-definition (HD) movies."''</ref><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/ Worldwide LHC Computing Grid main page] 2017: ''"WLCG is the world's largest computing grid. It is supported by many associated national and international grids across the world, such as European Grid Initiative (Europe-based) and Open Science Grid (US-based), as well as many other regional grids."''</ref>		By 2012, data from over 300 trillion (3×10<sup>14</sup>) LHC proton-proton collisions had been analyzed,<ref name="msnbc-discovery">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120615043418/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/47783507/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/hunt-higgs-boson-hits-key-decision-point/ Hunt for Higgs boson hits key decision point]</ref> and LHC collision data was being produced at approximately 25 [[petabyte]]s per year. {{As of\|2017\|post,}} the LHC Computing Grid is the world's largest [[Grid computing\|computing grid]] comprising over 170 computing facilities in a [[Distributed computing\|worldwide network]] across 42 countries.<ref name="msnbc-discovery" /><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/about Worldwide LHC Computing Grid about page] 2017: ''"Even after filtering out 99% of it, in 2017 we're expecting to gather around 50 petabytes of data. That's 50 million gigabytes, the equivalent to nearly 15 million high-definition (HD) movies."''</ref><ref>[http://wlcg-public.web.cern.ch/ Worldwide LHC Computing Grid main page] 2017: ''"WLCG is the world's largest computing grid. It is supported by many associated national and international grids across the world, such as European Grid Initiative (Europe-based) and Open Science Grid (US-based), as well as many other regional grids."''</ref>
Line 23:		Line 21:

	==Description==		==Description==
	A design report was published in 2005.<ref>{{Cite book \|title= LHC Computing Grid: Technical Design Report \|work= document LCG-TDR-001, CERN-LHCC-2005-024 \|date= 20 June 2005 \|publisher= The LCG TDR Editorial Board \|isbn= 978-92-9083-253-9 \|url= http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/840543/files/lhcc-2005-024.pdf \|~~accessdate~~= 2 October 2011 }}</ref>		A design report was published in 2005.<ref>{{Cite book \|title= LHC Computing Grid: Technical Design Report \|work= document LCG-TDR-001, CERN-LHCC-2005-024 \|date= 20 June 2005 \|publisher= The LCG TDR Editorial Board \|isbn= 978-92-9083-253-9 \|url= http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/840543/files/lhcc-2005-024.pdf \|access-date= 2 October 2011 }}</ref>
	It was announced to be ready for data on 3 October 2008.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/lhcgridfest \|title=LHC GridFest \|year=2008 \|publisher=CERN }}</ref>		It was announced to be ready for data on 3 October 2008.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/lhcgridfest \|title=LHC GridFest \|year=2008 \|publisher=CERN }}</ref>
	A popular 2008 press article predicted "the internet could soon be made obsolete" by its technology.<ref>{{Cite news\|title=Coming soon: superfast internet \|work=The Times \|location=London \|author=Jonathan Leake \|date=6 April 2008 \|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article3689881.ece \|~~accessdate~~=25 January 2013 \|url-status=dead \|~~archiveurl~~=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805105551/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article3689881.ece \|~~archivedate~~=August 5, 2011 }}</ref>		A popular 2008 press article predicted "the internet could soon be made obsolete" by its technology.<ref>{{Cite news\|title=Coming soon: superfast internet \|work=The Times \|location=London \|author=Jonathan Leake \|date=6 April 2008 \|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article3689881.ece \|access-date=25 January 2013 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805105551/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article3689881.ece \|archive-date=August 5, 2011 }}</ref>
	CERN had to publish its own articles trying to clear up the confusion.<ref>{{Cite news \|title= The Grid: separating fact from fiction \|publisher= CERN \|date= May 2008 \|url= http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/spotlight/SpotlightGridFactsAndFiction-en.html \|~~accessdate~~= 25 January 2013 }} Adapted from an article originally published in Symmetry Breaking.</ref>		CERN had to publish its own articles trying to clear up the confusion.<ref>{{Cite news \|title= The Grid: separating fact from fiction \|publisher= CERN \|date= May 2008 \|url= http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/spotlight/SpotlightGridFactsAndFiction-en.html \|access-date= 25 January 2013 }} Adapted from an article originally published in Symmetry Breaking.</ref>
	It incorporates both private [[fiber optic cable]] links and existing high-speed portions of the public [[Internet]]. At the end of 2010, the Grid consisted of some 200,000 processing cores and 150 [[petabytes]] of disk space, distributed across 34 countries.<ref name="nature">{{cite journal \|title=High-energy physics: Down the petabyte highway \|journal= Nature \|date= 19 January 2011 \|author= Geoff Brumfiel \|doi= 10.1038/469282a \|volume= 469 \|issue= 7330 \|pages= 282–283 \|pmid=21248814\|bibcode= 2011Natur.469..282B \|doi-access= free }}</ref>		It incorporates both private [[fiber optic cable]] links and existing high-speed portions of the public [[Internet]]. At the end of 2010, the Grid consisted of some 200,000 processing cores and 150 [[petabytes]] of disk space, distributed across 34 countries.<ref name="nature">{{cite journal \|title=High-energy physics: Down the petabyte highway \|journal= Nature \|date= 19 January 2011 \|author= Geoff Brumfiel \|doi= 10.1038/469282a \|volume= 469 \|issue= 7330 \|pages= 282–283 \|pmid=21248814\|bibcode= 2011Natur.469..282B \|doi-access= free }}</ref>

	The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.		The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.

	The project was expected to generate 27 [[Terabyte\|TB]] of raw data per day, plus 10 TB of "event summary data", which represents the output of calculations done by the [[CPU]] farm at the CERN data center. This data is sent out from CERN to thirteen Tier 1 academic institutions in Europe, Asia, and North America,<ref>{{Cite web \|title= The Grid: A system of tiers \|publisher= CERN \|url= https://home.cern/about/computing/grid-system-tiers \|~~accessdate~~= 2 October 2017 }}</ref> via dedicated links with 10 Gbit/s or higher of bandwidth. This is called the LHC Optical Private Network.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Network transfer architecture \|publisher= CERN \|url= http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/public/data_transfer.htm \|~~accessdate~~= 2 October 2011 }}</ref>		The project was expected to generate 27 [[Terabyte\|TB]] of raw data per day, plus 10 TB of "event summary data", which represents the output of calculations done by the [[CPU]] farm at the CERN data center. This data is sent out from CERN to thirteen Tier 1 academic institutions in Europe, Asia, and North America,<ref>{{Cite web \|title= The Grid: A system of tiers \|publisher= CERN \|url= https://home.cern/about/computing/grid-system-tiers \|access-date= 2 October 2017 }}</ref> via dedicated links with 10 Gbit/s or higher of bandwidth. This is called the LHC Optical Private Network.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Network transfer architecture \|publisher= CERN \|url= http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/public/data_transfer.htm \|access-date= 2 October 2011 }}</ref>
	More than 150 Tier 2 institutions are connected to the Tier 1 institutions by general-purpose [[national research and education network]]s.<ref name="gridcafe">[http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html final-draft-4-key<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526104330/http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html \|date=May 26, 2008 }}</ref>		More than 150 Tier 2 institutions are connected to the Tier 1 institutions by general-purpose [[national research and education network]]s.<ref name="gridcafe">[http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html final-draft-4-key<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526104330/http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html \|date=May 26, 2008 }}</ref>
	The data produced by the LHC on all of its distributed computing grid is expected to add up to 10–15 [[Petabyte\|PB]] of data each year.<ref>{{cite news\|date=28 April 2008\|url=http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?featureid=4074&pn=2\|publisher=Techworld.com\|title=Parallel Internet: Inside the Worldwide LHC computing grid\|first=Jon\|last=Brodkin}}</ref> In total, the four main detectors at the LHC produced 13 petabytes of data in 2010.<ref name="nature"/>		The data produced by the LHC on all of its distributed computing grid is expected to add up to 10–15 [[Petabyte\|PB]] of data each year.<ref>{{cite news\|date=28 April 2008\|url=http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?featureid=4074&pn=2\|publisher=Techworld.com\|title=Parallel Internet: Inside the Worldwide LHC computing grid\|first=Jon\|last=Brodkin}}</ref> In total, the four main detectors at the LHC produced 13 petabytes of data in 2010.<ref name="nature"/>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:05, 25 April 2024
Line 29:		Line 29:
	It incorporates both private [[fiber-optic cable]] links and existing high-speed portions of the public [[Internet]]. At the end of 2010, the Grid consisted of some 200,000 processing cores and 150 [[petabytes]] of disk space, distributed across 34 countries.<ref name="nature">{{cite journal \|title=High-energy physics: Down the petabyte highway \|journal= Nature \|date= 19 January 2011 \|author= Geoff Brumfiel \|doi= 10.1038/469282a \|volume= 469 \|issue= 7330 \|pages= 282–283 \|pmid=21248814\|bibcode= 2011Natur.469..282B \|doi-access= free }}</ref>		It incorporates both private [[fiber-optic cable]] links and existing high-speed portions of the public [[Internet]]. At the end of 2010, the Grid consisted of some 200,000 processing cores and 150 [[petabytes]] of disk space, distributed across 34 countries.<ref name="nature">{{cite journal \|title=High-energy physics: Down the petabyte highway \|journal= Nature \|date= 19 January 2011 \|author= Geoff Brumfiel \|doi= 10.1038/469282a \|volume= 469 \|issue= 7330 \|pages= 282–283 \|pmid=21248814\|bibcode= 2011Natur.469..282B \|doi-access= free }}</ref>

	The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.		The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.

	The project was expected to generate multiple [[Terabytes\|TB]] of raw data and event summary data, which represents the output of calculations done by the [[CPU]] farm at the CERN data center. This data is sent out from CERN to thirteen Tier 1 academic institutions in Europe, Asia, and North America,<ref>{{Cite web \|title= The Grid: A system of tiers \|publisher= CERN \|url= https://home.cern/about/computing/grid-system-tiers \|access-date= 2 October 2017 }}</ref> via dedicated links with 10 Gbit/s or higher of bandwidth. This is called the LHC Optical Private Network.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Network transfer architecture \|publisher= CERN \|url= http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/public/data_transfer.htm \|access-date= 2 October 2011 }}</ref>		The project was expected to generate multiple [[Terabytes\|TB]] of raw data and event summary data, which represents the output of calculations done by the [[CPU]] farm at the CERN data center. This data is sent out from CERN to thirteen Tier 1 academic institutions in Europe, Asia, and North America,<ref>{{Cite web \|title= The Grid: A system of tiers \|publisher= CERN \|url= https://home.cern/about/computing/grid-system-tiers \|access-date= 2 October 2017 }}</ref> via dedicated links with 10 Gbit/s or higher of bandwidth. This is called the LHC Optical Private Network.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Network transfer architecture \|publisher= CERN \|url= http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/public/data_transfer.htm \|access-date= 2 October 2011 }}</ref>
	More than 150 Tier 2 institutions are connected to the Tier 1 institutions by general-purpose [[national research and education network]]s.<ref name="gridcafe">[http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html final-draft-4-key<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526104330/http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html \|date=May 26, 2008 }}</ref>		More than 150 Tier 2 institutions are connected to the Tier 1 institutions by general-purpose [[national research and education network]]s.<ref name="gridcafe">[http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html final-draft-4-key<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526104330/http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html \|date=May 26, 2008 }}</ref>
	The data produced by the LHC on all of its distributed computing grid is expected to add up to 200 [[Petabyte\|PB]] of data each year.<ref>{{cite news\|date=28 April 2008\|url=http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?featureid=4074&pn=2\|publisher=Techworld.com\|title=Parallel Internet: Inside the Worldwide LHC computing grid\|first=Jon\|last=Brodkin}}</ref> In total, the four main detectors at the LHC produced 13 petabytes of data in 2010.<ref name="nature"/>		The data produced by the LHC on all of its distributed computing grid is expected to add up to 200 [[Petabyte\|PB]] of data each year.<ref>{{cite news\|date=28 April 2008\|url=http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?featureid=4074&pn=2\|publisher=Techworld.com\|title=Parallel Internet: Inside the Worldwide LHC computing grid\|first=Jon\|last=Brodkin}}</ref> In total, the four main detectors at the LHC produced 13 petabytes of data in 2010.<ref name="nature"/>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:37, 24 November 2023
Line 27:		Line 27:
	A popular 2008 press article predicted "the internet could soon be made obsolete" by its technology.<ref>{{Cite news\|title=Coming soon: superfast internet \|work=The Times \|location=London \|author=Jonathan Leake \|date=6 April 2008 \|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article3689881.ece \|access-date=25 January 2013 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805105551/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article3689881.ece \|archive-date=August 5, 2011 }}</ref>		A popular 2008 press article predicted "the internet could soon be made obsolete" by its technology.<ref>{{Cite news\|title=Coming soon: superfast internet \|work=The Times \|location=London \|author=Jonathan Leake \|date=6 April 2008 \|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article3689881.ece \|access-date=25 January 2013 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805105551/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article3689881.ece \|archive-date=August 5, 2011 }}</ref>
	CERN had to publish its own articles trying to clear up the confusion.<ref>{{Cite news \|title= The Grid: separating fact from fiction \|publisher= CERN \|date= May 2008 \|url= http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/spotlight/SpotlightGridFactsAndFiction-en.html \|access-date= 25 January 2013 }} Adapted from an article originally published in Symmetry Breaking.</ref>		CERN had to publish its own articles trying to clear up the confusion.<ref>{{Cite news \|title= The Grid: separating fact from fiction \|publisher= CERN \|date= May 2008 \|url= http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/spotlight/SpotlightGridFactsAndFiction-en.html \|access-date= 25 January 2013 }} Adapted from an article originally published in Symmetry Breaking.</ref>
	It incorporates both private [[fiber optic cable]] links and existing high-speed portions of the public [[Internet]]. At the end of 2010, the Grid consisted of some 200,000 processing cores and 150 [[petabytes]] of disk space, distributed across 34 countries.<ref name="nature">{{cite journal \|title=High-energy physics: Down the petabyte highway \|journal= Nature \|date= 19 January 2011 \|author= Geoff Brumfiel \|doi= 10.1038/469282a \|volume= 469 \|issue= 7330 \|pages= 282–283 \|pmid=21248814\|bibcode= 2011Natur.469..282B \|doi-access= free }}</ref>		It incorporates both private [[fiber-optic cable]] links and existing high-speed portions of the public [[Internet]]. At the end of 2010, the Grid consisted of some 200,000 processing cores and 150 [[petabytes]] of disk space, distributed across 34 countries.<ref name="nature">{{cite journal \|title=High-energy physics: Down the petabyte highway \|journal= Nature \|date= 19 January 2011 \|author= Geoff Brumfiel \|doi= 10.1038/469282a \|volume= 469 \|issue= 7330 \|pages= 282–283 \|pmid=21248814\|bibcode= 2011Natur.469..282B \|doi-access= free }}</ref>

	The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.		The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:08, 23 July 2023
Line 31:		Line 31:
	The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.		The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 [[Gigabyte\|GByte]]/s of data, which after filtering for "interesting events", results in a data stream of about 300 [[Megabyte\|MByte]]/s. The CERN computer center, considered "Tier 0" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 [[Gigabit\|Gbit]]/s connection to the counting room.

	The project was expected to generate 27 [[~~Terabyte~~\|TB]] of raw data ~~per~~ ~~day, plus 10 TB of "~~event summary data", which represents the output of calculations done by the [[CPU]] farm at the CERN data center. This data is sent out from CERN to thirteen Tier 1 academic institutions in Europe, Asia, and North America,<ref>{{Cite web \|title= The Grid: A system of tiers \|publisher= CERN \|url= https://home.cern/about/computing/grid-system-tiers \|access-date= 2 October 2017 }}</ref> via dedicated links with 10 Gbit/s or higher of bandwidth. This is called the LHC Optical Private Network.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Network transfer architecture \|publisher= CERN \|url= http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/public/data_transfer.htm \|access-date= 2 October 2011 }}</ref>		The project was expected to generate multiple [[Terabytes\|TB]] of raw data and event summary data, which represents the output of calculations done by the [[CPU]] farm at the CERN data center. This data is sent out from CERN to thirteen Tier 1 academic institutions in Europe, Asia, and North America,<ref>{{Cite web \|title= The Grid: A system of tiers \|publisher= CERN \|url= https://home.cern/about/computing/grid-system-tiers \|access-date= 2 October 2017 }}</ref> via dedicated links with 10 Gbit/s or higher of bandwidth. This is called the LHC Optical Private Network.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= Network transfer architecture \|publisher= CERN \|url= http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/public/data_transfer.htm \|access-date= 2 October 2011 }}</ref>
	More than 150 Tier 2 institutions are connected to the Tier 1 institutions by general-purpose [[national research and education network]]s.<ref name="gridcafe">[http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html final-draft-4-key<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526104330/http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html \|date=May 26, 2008 }}</ref>		More than 150 Tier 2 institutions are connected to the Tier 1 institutions by general-purpose [[national research and education network]]s.<ref name="gridcafe">[http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html final-draft-4-key<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526104330/http://gridcafe.web.cern.ch/gridcafe/animations/LHCdata/LHCdata.html \|date=May 26, 2008 }}</ref>
	The data produced by the LHC on all of its distributed computing grid is expected to add up to ~~10–15~~ [[Petabyte\|PB]] of data each year.<ref>{{cite news\|date=28 April 2008\|url=http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?featureid=4074&pn=2\|publisher=Techworld.com\|title=Parallel Internet: Inside the Worldwide LHC computing grid\|first=Jon\|last=Brodkin}}</ref> In total, the four main detectors at the LHC produced 13 petabytes of data in 2010.<ref name="nature"/>		The data produced by the LHC on all of its distributed computing grid is expected to add up to 200 [[Petabyte\|PB]] of data each year.<ref>{{cite news\|date=28 April 2008\|url=http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?featureid=4074&pn=2\|publisher=Techworld.com\|title=Parallel Internet: Inside the Worldwide LHC computing grid\|first=Jon\|last=Brodkin}}</ref> In total, the four main detectors at the LHC produced 13 petabytes of data in 2010.<ref name="nature"/>

	The Tier 1 institutions receive specific subsets of the raw data, for which they serve as a backup repository for CERN. They also perform reprocessing when recalibration is necessary.<ref name="gridcafe" /> The primary configuration for the computers used in the grid is based on [[CentOS]].<ref name="CERN">{{Cite web\|title = Linux @ CERN: /linux/nextversion.shtml\|url = http://linux.web.cern.ch/linux/nextversion.shtml\|website = linux.web.cern.ch\|access-date = 2016-02-07\|last = CERN}}</ref> In 2015, CERN switched away from [[Scientific Linux]] to CentOS.<ref name="CERN"/>		The Tier 1 institutions receive specific subsets of the raw data, for which they serve as a backup repository for CERN. They also perform reprocessing when recalibration is necessary.<ref name="gridcafe" /> The primary configuration for the computers used in the grid is based on [[CentOS]].<ref name="CERN">{{Cite web\|title = Linux @ CERN: /linux/nextversion.shtml\|url = http://linux.web.cern.ch/linux/nextversion.shtml\|website = linux.web.cern.ch\|access-date = 2016-02-07\|last = CERN}}</ref> In 2015, CERN switched away from [[Scientific Linux]] to CentOS.<ref name="CERN"/>

	[[Distributed computing]] resources for analysis by end-user physicists are provided by ~~the~~ ~~[[Open~~ ~~Science~~ ~~Grid]],~~ ~~[[Enabling Grids for E-sciencE]]~~,~~<ref~~ ~~name="gridcafe"~~ /> and ~~[[LHC@home]]~~ ~~projects~~.		[[Distributed computing]] resources for analysis by end-user physicists are provided by multiple federations across the Europe, Asia Pacific and the Americas.

	==See also==		==See also==