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{{Short description|King of Navarre from 1484 to 1516}}
'''John III of Navarre''', also known as '''Jean d'Albret''' ([[1469]] - [[1516]]), became [[King of Navarre]] by virtue of his 1484 marriage to [[Catherine, Countess of Foix]] (1470 - 1517) who was [[Queen Catalina of Navarre]] after the death of her brother [[Francis Phoebus]] in 1483.
{{Infobox royalty
| name = John III
| image = File:Portret van Johan III van Navarra Iohannes dei Gratia Navarrae. etc. Rex (titel op object), RP-P-1910-2303.jpg
| caption = 16th century depiction of King John
| succession = [[King of Navarre]]
| moretext = (''[[jure uxoris]]'')
| reign = 14 June 1484 – 17 June 1516
| coronation = 12 January 1494
| predecessor = [[Catherine of Navarre|Catherine]]
| successor = Catherine
| reg-type = Co-monarch
| regent = Catherine
| regent1 = [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] (1512–1516)
| reg-type1 = Contender
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Catherine, Queen of Navarre]]|1484}}
| issue = {{ubl|[[Anne of Navarre|Infanta Anne]]|[[Henry II, King of Navarre]]|[[Charles of Navarre|Infante Charles]]|[[Isabella of Navarre, Viscountess of Rohan|Isabella, Viscountess of Rohan]]}}
| issue-link = #Children
| issue-pipe = among others...
| house = [[House of Albret|Albret]]
| father = [[Alain I, Lord of Albret]]
| mother = [[Frances, Countess of Périgord]]
| birth_date = 1469
| birth_place = [[Ségur-le-Château|Ségur]]
| death_date = 17 June {{death year and age|1516|1469}}
| death_place = [[Monein]]
| burial_place = [[Lescar Cathedral]]
}}
[[File:Coronation act of Catherine and John III of Navarre.jpg|thumb|Act by which John III and Catherine swore to uphold the [[Fueros of Navarre|''fueros'' of Navarre]] after their coronation. John's name (''Don Johan'') is in boldface in the middle of the ninth line.]]
'''John III''' ({{lang-fr|Jean d'Albret}}; 1469 – 14 June 1516) was ''[[jure uxoris]]'' [[King of Navarre]] from 1484 until his death, as husband and co-ruler of [[Catherine of Navarre|Queen Catherine]].


He was a son of [[Alain I, Lord of Albret]], and [[Frances, Countess of Périgord]].{{sfn|Harris|1994|p=189}}
In 1512, Jean d'Albret was defeated by [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] whose second wife was Germaine de Foix (1490-1538), a cousin of Queen Catherine. Ferdinand then annexed southern Navarre to [[Spain]] and thereafter, the Navarrese monarchs only reigned over that portion of Navarre north of the [[Pyrenees]], called [[Lower Navarre]]. (Spanish monarchs styled themselves monarchs of Navarre until 1833 when Upper Navarre was completely integrated into Spain).


==King of Navarre==
[[Category:1469 births|Edward Sperling]]

[[Category:1516 deaths|Edward Sperling]]
===Marriage to Queen Catherine and accession to the throne===
He became King of [[Kingdom of Navarre#Navarre under the Foix and Albret dynasties|Navarre]] and Count of Foix by virtue of his 1484 marriage to Queen [[Catherine of Navarre|Catherine]] (1470–1517), successor of her brother [[Francis Phoebus]] in 1483. He shared with Catherine tasks related to the government of the kingdom, but his rule was marked by the guardianship of Catherine's mother [[Magdalena of Valois|Magdalena de Valois]] up to 1494—she died in 1495—and persistent diplomatic and military pressure of Ferdinand II of Aragon over the Crown of Navarre, supported on the ground by the Beaumont party of Navarre.

He and Catherine were crowned as monarchs in [[Pamplona]] on 10 January 1494. In the run-up to the ceremony, Louis of Beaumont—count of Lerín—had taken over and ransacked the stronghold. On Christmas 1493, the count blocked the access of the king and queen to the capital city, but after a fleeting peace agreement was reached, the ceremony was held. In the week-long festival following the crowning ceremony, John III and his father are referred to in [[Basque language]] verses as ''Labrit'', their usual naming in Navarre—also at [[Olite]] in 1493, document written in [[Navarro-Aragonese|Romanic language]].

===The kingdom invaded===
In 1512, [[Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre|Navarre was invaded by a combined Castilian-Aragonese army]] sent by [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]], whose second wife was [[Germaine de Foix]] (1490–1538), a cousin of Queen Catherine. The Castilian troops commanded by the duke of Alba crossed the Pyrénées onto Lower Navarre capturing [[St-Jean-Pied-de-Port]] on 10 September 1512 and wreaking havoc across much of the ''merindad''. There the Castilians were doggedly opposed by lords loyal to John III and Catherine of Navarre, but the Castilians retained [[Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port|St-Jean-Pied-de-Port]] and its hinterland. Following the invasion, Navarre south of the [[Pyrenees]] was annexed to Castile nominally as an autonomous kingdom (''aeque principalis'') by the victorious Ferdinand after taking an oath to respect [[Kingdom of Navarre#The crown and the kingdom: A constitutional foundation|the Navarrese laws and institutions]] (1515).

The royal family took shelter in [[Viscounty of Béarn|Béarn]], a royal Pyrenean domain and principality contiguous to [[Lower Navarre]]. The Parliament of Navarre and the States-General of Béarn had passed in 1510 a bill to create a [[confederation]] with a view to ensuring a better defence against external aggression. The capital city of Béarn was [[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]], which John III and Catherine took as their main base along with [[Orthez]] and Tarbes in their last period.

===Reconquest attempt and death===
After the [[Crown of Aragón|Aragonese]] king Ferdinand's death in January 1516, the king John III mustered an army in [[Sauveterre-de-Béarn]] made up of Navarrese exiles and men from all over his domains, especially from Béarn, but the total figure of combatants amounted to no more than several hundreds.<ref name="Guiadelaconq">{{cite book |last=Bustillo Kastrexana |first=Joxerra |title=Guía de la conquista de Navarra en 12 escenarios |year=2012 |publisher=Txertoa Argitaletxea |location=Donostia |isbn=978-84-71484819}}</ref>{{rp|59}} The advance of the two columns led by [[Pedro, Marshal of Navarre]] was stopped by the Castilians right on the Pyrénées due to spies informing [[Cardinal Cisneros]]. The reconquest attempt was flawed.

Depressed by the defeats and adverse diplomatic results, John III died at the castle of Esgouarrabaque in [[Monein]], Béarn, on 14 June 1516 after lying gripped by fatal fevers.<ref name="Guiadelaconq"/>{{rp|60}} Up to the last moment he struggled to get Navarre back from the Spanish, urging his wife, Queen Catherine, to send a representative to the ''Cortes'' of Castile to demand the restoration of the kingdom of Navarre.<ref name="Guiadelaconq"/>{{rp|60}} Despite his wish to be buried at the [[Pamplona Cathedral|Santa Maria Cathedral]] of Pamplona, the permanent Spanish occupation prevented that. His corpse rests instead at the Cathedral of [[Lescar]] along with Queen Catherine, who outlived him only a few months.

==Family==
John and [[Catherine of Navarre]] had:
*[[Anne of Navarre|Anne]] (19 May 1492 – 15 August 1532){{sfn|Anthony|1931|p=11}}
*Magdalena (29 March 1494 – May 1504){{sfn|Anthony|1931|p=11}}
*Catherine (1495 – November 1532), abbess of the Trinity at [[Caen]]{{sfn|Anthony|1931|p=11}}
*Jean (15 June 1496 – last mentioned in November 1496){{sfn|Anthony|1931|p=11}}
*Quiteria (1499 – September/October 1536), abbess at [[Montivilliers]]{{sfn|Anthony|1931|p=11}}
*a stillborn son in 1500{{sfn|Anthony|1931|p=11}}
*Andrew Phoebus (14 October 1501 – 17 April 1503){{sfn|Anthony|1931|p=11}}
*[[Henry II of Navarre|Henry II]] (18 April 1503 – 25 May 1555), King of Navarre{{sfn|Vernier|2008|p=4}}
*Buenaventura (14 July 1505 – 1510/1511){{sfn|Anthony|1931|p=11}}
*Martin (c. 1506 – last mentioned in 1512){{sfn|Anthony|1931|p=11}}
*Francis (1508 – last mentioned in 1512){{sfn|Anthony|1931|p=11}}
*[[Charles of Navarre|Charles]] (12 December 1510 – September 1528), captured during the [[Siege of Naples (1527)|Siege of Naples]] and died as a [[prisoner of war]]{{sfn|Anthony|1931|p=11}}
*[[Isabella of Navarre, Viscountess of Rohan|Isabella]] (1513/1514 – last mentioned in 1555), married to [[Rene I, Viscount of Rohan]]{{sfn|Woodacre|2013|p=163}}


==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Sources==
Adot Lerga, ÁLvaro; Juan de Albret y Catalina de Foix o la defensa del Estado navarro (1483–1517). Pamplona, Pamiela, 2005
*{{cite book |url=http://www.navarra.es/appsext/bnd/GN_Ficheros_PDF_Binadi.aspx?Fichero=AGN00FBH_239800000000000000000410.pdf |format=PDF |title=Identification et Étude des Ossements des Rois de Navarre inhumés dans la Cathédrale de Lescar |trans-title=Identification and Study of the Bones of the Kings of Navarre buried in the Cathedral of Lescar |first=R. |last=Anthony |series=Archives du Muséum, 6e series |volume=VII |year=1931 |language=fr |publisher=Masson et Cie }}
*{{cite book |title=Valois Guyenne: A Study of Politics, Government, and Society in Late Medieval France |first=Robin |last=Harris |publisher=The Boydell Press |year=1994 }}
*{{cite book |title=Lord of the Pyrenees: Gaston Fébus, Count of Foix (1331-1391) |first=Richard |last=Vernier |publisher=The Boydell Press |year=2008 }}
*{{cite book |title=The Queens Regnant of Navarre |first=Elena |last=Woodacre |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2013 }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Albret]]||1469|June 14|1516}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Catherine of Navarre|Catherine]]|as=sole queen}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[King of Navarre]]<br>[[Count of Foix]]|years=1484 – 14 June 1516|start=1484|end=1516|regent1=[[Catherine of Navarre|Catherine]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Catherine of Navarre|Catherine]]|as=sole queen}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Frances, Countess of Périgord|Frances]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Count of Périgord]]<br/>[[Viscount of Limoges]]|years=1481 – 1516}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Henry II of Navarre|Henry]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Navarrese monarchs}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:John 03 Of Navarre}}
[[Category:1469 births]]
[[Category:1516 deaths]]
[[Category:15th-century Navarrese monarchs]]
[[Category:16th-century Navarrese monarchs]]
[[Category:Jure uxoris kings]]
[[Category:Burials at Lescar Cathedral]]
[[Category:House of Albret]]
[[Category:Counts of Périgord]]
[[Category:Heirs apparent who never acceded]]

Latest revision as of 02:45, 8 July 2024

John III
16th century depiction of King John
King of Navarre
(jure uxoris)
Reign14 June 1484 – 17 June 1516
Coronation12 January 1494
PredecessorCatherine
SuccessorCatherine
Co-monarchCatherine
ContenderFerdinand II of Aragon (1512–1516)
Born1469
Ségur
Died17 June 1516 (aged 46–47)
Monein
Burial
Lescar Cathedral
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1484)​
Issue
among others...
HouseAlbret
FatherAlain I, Lord of Albret
MotherFrances, Countess of Périgord
Act by which John III and Catherine swore to uphold the fueros of Navarre after their coronation. John's name (Don Johan) is in boldface in the middle of the ninth line.

John III (French: Jean d'Albret; 1469 – 14 June 1516) was jure uxoris King of Navarre from 1484 until his death, as husband and co-ruler of Queen Catherine.

He was a son of Alain I, Lord of Albret, and Frances, Countess of Périgord.[1]

King of Navarre

[edit]

Marriage to Queen Catherine and accession to the throne

[edit]

He became King of Navarre and Count of Foix by virtue of his 1484 marriage to Queen Catherine (1470–1517), successor of her brother Francis Phoebus in 1483. He shared with Catherine tasks related to the government of the kingdom, but his rule was marked by the guardianship of Catherine's mother Magdalena de Valois up to 1494—she died in 1495—and persistent diplomatic and military pressure of Ferdinand II of Aragon over the Crown of Navarre, supported on the ground by the Beaumont party of Navarre.

He and Catherine were crowned as monarchs in Pamplona on 10 January 1494. In the run-up to the ceremony, Louis of Beaumont—count of Lerín—had taken over and ransacked the stronghold. On Christmas 1493, the count blocked the access of the king and queen to the capital city, but after a fleeting peace agreement was reached, the ceremony was held. In the week-long festival following the crowning ceremony, John III and his father are referred to in Basque language verses as Labrit, their usual naming in Navarre—also at Olite in 1493, document written in Romanic language.

The kingdom invaded

[edit]

In 1512, Navarre was invaded by a combined Castilian-Aragonese army sent by Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose second wife was Germaine de Foix (1490–1538), a cousin of Queen Catherine. The Castilian troops commanded by the duke of Alba crossed the Pyrénées onto Lower Navarre capturing St-Jean-Pied-de-Port on 10 September 1512 and wreaking havoc across much of the merindad. There the Castilians were doggedly opposed by lords loyal to John III and Catherine of Navarre, but the Castilians retained St-Jean-Pied-de-Port and its hinterland. Following the invasion, Navarre south of the Pyrenees was annexed to Castile nominally as an autonomous kingdom (aeque principalis) by the victorious Ferdinand after taking an oath to respect the Navarrese laws and institutions (1515).

The royal family took shelter in Béarn, a royal Pyrenean domain and principality contiguous to Lower Navarre. The Parliament of Navarre and the States-General of Béarn had passed in 1510 a bill to create a confederation with a view to ensuring a better defence against external aggression. The capital city of Béarn was Pau, which John III and Catherine took as their main base along with Orthez and Tarbes in their last period.

Reconquest attempt and death

[edit]

After the Aragonese king Ferdinand's death in January 1516, the king John III mustered an army in Sauveterre-de-Béarn made up of Navarrese exiles and men from all over his domains, especially from Béarn, but the total figure of combatants amounted to no more than several hundreds.[2]: 59  The advance of the two columns led by Pedro, Marshal of Navarre was stopped by the Castilians right on the Pyrénées due to spies informing Cardinal Cisneros. The reconquest attempt was flawed.

Depressed by the defeats and adverse diplomatic results, John III died at the castle of Esgouarrabaque in Monein, Béarn, on 14 June 1516 after lying gripped by fatal fevers.[2]: 60  Up to the last moment he struggled to get Navarre back from the Spanish, urging his wife, Queen Catherine, to send a representative to the Cortes of Castile to demand the restoration of the kingdom of Navarre.[2]: 60  Despite his wish to be buried at the Santa Maria Cathedral of Pamplona, the permanent Spanish occupation prevented that. His corpse rests instead at the Cathedral of Lescar along with Queen Catherine, who outlived him only a few months.

Family

[edit]

John and Catherine of Navarre had:

  • Anne (19 May 1492 – 15 August 1532)[3]
  • Magdalena (29 March 1494 – May 1504)[3]
  • Catherine (1495 – November 1532), abbess of the Trinity at Caen[3]
  • Jean (15 June 1496 – last mentioned in November 1496)[3]
  • Quiteria (1499 – September/October 1536), abbess at Montivilliers[3]
  • a stillborn son in 1500[3]
  • Andrew Phoebus (14 October 1501 – 17 April 1503)[3]
  • Henry II (18 April 1503 – 25 May 1555), King of Navarre[4]
  • Buenaventura (14 July 1505 – 1510/1511)[3]
  • Martin (c. 1506 – last mentioned in 1512)[3]
  • Francis (1508 – last mentioned in 1512)[3]
  • Charles (12 December 1510 – September 1528), captured during the Siege of Naples and died as a prisoner of war[3]
  • Isabella (1513/1514 – last mentioned in 1555), married to Rene I, Viscount of Rohan[5]


References

[edit]
  1. ^ Harris 1994, p. 189.
  2. ^ a b c Bustillo Kastrexana, Joxerra (2012). Guía de la conquista de Navarra en 12 escenarios. Donostia: Txertoa Argitaletxea. ISBN 978-84-71484819.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Anthony 1931, p. 11.
  4. ^ Vernier 2008, p. 4.
  5. ^ Woodacre 2013, p. 163.

Sources

[edit]

Adot Lerga, ÁLvaro; Juan de Albret y Catalina de Foix o la defensa del Estado navarro (1483–1517). Pamplona, Pamiela, 2005

  • Anthony, R. (1931). Identification et Étude des Ossements des Rois de Navarre inhumés dans la Cathédrale de Lescar [Identification and Study of the Bones of the Kings of Navarre buried in the Cathedral of Lescar] (PDF). Archives du Muséum, 6e series (in French). Vol. VII. Masson et Cie.
  • Harris, Robin (1994). Valois Guyenne: A Study of Politics, Government, and Society in Late Medieval France. The Boydell Press.
  • Vernier, Richard (2008). Lord of the Pyrenees: Gaston Fébus, Count of Foix (1331-1391). The Boydell Press.
  • Woodacre, Elena (2013). The Queens Regnant of Navarre. Palgrave Macmillan.
John III of Navarre
Born: 1469 Died: June 14 1516
Preceded byas sole queen King of Navarre
Count of Foix
1484 – 14 June 1516
with Catherine 		Succeeded byas sole queen
Preceded by Count of Périgord
Viscount of Limoges
1481 – 1516 		Succeeded by
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