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===[[CASPR]]===
:''For other uses of this word, see [[Euclid (disambiguation)]].''
{{REMOVE THIS TEMPLATE WHEN CLOSING THIS AfD|O}}
{{Infobox_Scientist
:{{la|CASPR}} - <includeonly>([[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/CASPR|View AfD]])</includeonly><noinclude>([[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2007 January 12#{{anchorencode:CASPR}}|View log]])</noinclude>
| name = Euclid
Non-notable paranormal research group in Arkansas. Fails [[WP:RS]] and [[WP:V]]. See [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/West Virginia Ghost Hunters]] for a similar situation with another non db-group candidate ghost hunting organization.—[[User:Ryulong|Ryūlóng]] ([[User talk:Ryulong|<font color="orange">竜</font><font color="green">龍</font>]]) 03:01, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
| image = Euklid2.jpg
*'''Delete''', article does not assert notability. [[User:Naconkantari|<font color="red">Nacon</font><font color="gray">'''kantari'''</font>]] 03:02, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
| image_width = 200px
*'''Delete''', fails [[WP:RS]] (indeed no sources), [[WP:V]], and [[WP:NOTE]]. →[[User:James Kidd|<span style="color: Gray;">'''James Kidd'''</span>]]<small> ([[Special:Contributions/James Kidd|<span style="color: Orange;">'''contr'''</span>]]/[[User talk:James Kidd|<span style="color: Orange;">'''talk'''</span>]]/[[Special:Emailuser/James_Kidd|<span style="color: Orange;">'''email'''</span>]])</small> 03:21, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
| caption = Justus van Ghent's 15th-century depiction of Euclid. No likeness or description of Euclid's physical appearance made during his lifetime survives.
*'''Delete'''--[[User:Rudjek|Rudjek]] 19:20, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
| birth_date = c. [[325 BC]]
*'''Delete''' per [[:WP:V]] and [[:WP:RS]]. The ghost hunting craze has driven many such hobbyist orgs (and individuals who are self-proclaimed "paranormal researchers") into a frenzy of self-publicity. This group is just one of many exploring WP as a means to self-publicize. See also other questionable articles:
| death_date = c. [[265 BC]]
| nationality = [[Greece|Greek]]
| field = [[Mathematics]]
| known_for = ''[[Euclid's Elements]]''


*[[Central_Oklahoma_Paranormal_Studies]]
}}
*[[Janice_Oberding]]
'''Euclid''', is also referred to as '''Euclid of Alexandria''', ([[Greek language|Greek]]: {{polytonic|Εὐκλείδης}}, ''c.'' [[330 BC]]–''c.'' [[275 BC]]), a Greek [[mathematician]], who lived in the city of [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]], almost certainly during the reign of [[Ptolemy I]] ([[323 BC]]&ndash;[[283 BC]]), is often considered to be the "father of [[geometry]]". His most popular work, ''[[Euclid's Elements|Elements]]'', is one of the most successful [[textbook]]s in the [[history of mathematics]]. Within it, the properties of [[geometry|geometrical]] objects are deduced from a small set of [[axiom]]s, thereby founding the [[axiomatic method]] of [[mathematics]].
*[[Vincent_Wilson]]
*[[PSICAN]]
*[[Brent_Fair]]
*[[Jimmy_Lowery]]
*[[Ghost_Tours_UK]]
*[[AGHOST]]
*[[Chip_Coffey]]
*[[Supernatural_Summit_Ghost_Hunter_Conference_Batavia_NY]]
*[[Paranormal_Society]]


--- [[User:LuckyLouie|LuckyLouie]] 01:01, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Although best-known for its geometric results, the ''Elements'' also includes various results in [[number theory]], such as the connection between [[perfect numbers]] and [[Mersenne primes]], the proof of the infinitude of [[prime number]]s, [[Euclid's lemma]] on factorization (which lead to the [[fundamental theorem of arithmetic]], on uniqueness of [[integer factorization|prime factorizations]]), and the [[Euclidean algorithm]] for finding the [[greatest common divisor]] of two numbers.
*You mean [http://www.casprquest.com/media/101806.pdf this] CASPR, which issued a press release when [[Larry Flaxman]] got himself listed on wikipedia ? '''Delete per Flaxman''' (Flaxman was speedy deleted 3 times). It does not seem to have any notability except at a local level. All but one press article is trivial, and the organisation seems only to rear its head most at halloween time on local radio stations. [[User:Ohconfucius|Ohconfucius]] 02:40, 15 January 2007 (UTC)


*'''Delete''' the article nominated... unless some evidence that the group passes some kind of basic notability test. ---[[User:J.smith|J.S]] <small>([[User_talk:J.smith|T]]/[[Special:Contributions/J.smith|C]]/[[WP:WRE|WRE]])</small>
Euclid also wrote works on [[Perspective (visual)|perspective]], [[conic section]]s, [[spherical geometry]], and possibly [[Quadric|quadric surfaces]]. Neither the year nor place of his birth have been established, nor the circumstances of his death.


*'''Delete''' - Poor non-notable ‘paranormal investigation’ articles undermine the importance of the parapsychology subject area on Wikipedia. - [[User:Solar|Solar]] 22:15, 16 January 2007 (UTC)
== The ''Elements'' ==
{{main|Euclid's Elements}}


*'''Delete''' - Per Ohconfucius's PDF of Flaxman's press release. That's just plain exploitative, and I'm actually for some paranormal groups being listed (the notable ones). --'''[[User:Nealparr|<span style="background:#000;color:#fff">~Nealparr~</span>]]''' <sup>([[User talk:Nealparr|Talk]]|[[Special:Contributions/Nealparr|Contribs]])</sup> 00:28, 17 January 2007 (UTC)
Although many of the results in Elements originated with earlier mathematicians, one of Euclid's accomplishments was to present them in a single, logically coherent framework. In addition to providing some missing [[mathematical proof|proof]]s, Euclid's text also includes sections on [[number theory]] and [[three-dimensional geometry]]. In particular, Euclid's proof of the infinitude of [[prime number]]s is in Book IX, Proposition 20.
*'''Delete''' - as per Ohconfucius. Not big enough to be notable. [[User:Totnesmartin|Totnesmartin]] 19:19, 17 January 2007 (UTC)
The geometrical system described in ''Elements'' was long known simply as "the" geometry. Today, however, it is often referred to as [[Euclidean geometry]] to distinguish it from other so-called [[Non-Euclidean geometry|''non-Euclidean'' geometries]] which were discovered in the [[19th century]]. These new geometries grew out of more than two [[millennium|millennia]] of investigation into Euclid's [[Parallel postulate|fifth postulate]], one of the most-studied [[axiom]]s in all of mathematics. Most of these investigations involved attempts to prove the relatively complex and presumably non-intuitive fifth postulate using the other four (a feat which, if successful, would have shown the postulate to be in fact a [[theorem]]).

==Other works==
In addition to the ''Elements'', five works of Euclid have survived to the present day.
* ''[[Data (Euclid)|Data]]'' deals with the nature and implications of "given" information in geometrical problems; the subject matter is closely related to the first four books of the ''Elements''.
* ''On Divisions of Figures'', which survives only partially in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] translation, concerns the division of geometrical figures into two or more equal parts or into parts in given [[ratio]]s. It is similar to a [[third century]] (AD) work by [[Heron of Alexandria]], except Euclid's work characteristically lacks any numerical calculations.
* ''Phaenomena'' concerns the application of [[spherical geometry]] to problems of [[astronomy]].
* ''Optics'', the earliest surviving [[Greek language|Greek]] treatise on [[Perspective (visual)|perspective]], contains propositions on the apparent sizes and shapes of objects viewed from different distances and angles.
* ''Catoptrics'', which concerns the mathematical theory of mirrors, particularly the images formed in plane and spherical concave mirrors.

All of these works follow the basic logical structure of the ''Elements'', containing definitions and proved propositions.

There are four works credibly attributed to Euclid which have been lost.
* ''Conics'' was a work on [[conic section]]s that was later extended by [[Apollonius of Perga]] into his famous work on the subject.
* ''[[Porism]]s'' might have been an outgrowth of Euclid's work with conic sections, but the exact meaning of the title is controversial.
* ''Pseudaria'', or ''Book of Fallacies'', was an elementary text about errors in [[reasoning]].
* ''Surface Loci'' concerned either [[Locus (mathematics)|loci]] (sets of points) on surfaces or loci which were themselves surfaces; under the latter interpretation, it has been hypothesized that the work might have dealt with [[Quadric|quadric surfaces]].

==Biographical sources==
Little is known about Euclid outside of what is presented in ''Elements'' and his other surviving books. What little biographical information we do have comes largely from commentaries by [[Proclus]] and [[Pappus of Alexandria]]: Euclid was active at the great [[Library of Alexandria]] and may have studied at [[Plato]]'s [[Academy]] in [[Greece]]. Euclid's exact lifespan and place of birth are unknown. Some writers in the [[Middle Ages]] erroneously confused him with [[Euclid of Megara]], a Greek [[Socrates|Socratic]] [[philosopher]] who lived approximately one century earlier.

==Tributes==
* [[4354 Euclides]] is an [[asteroid]] named after Euclid
* [[Euclides (crater)|Euclides]] (7.4S, 29.5W, 12km dia, 1.3 km depth) is a [[List of craters on the Moon|lunar crater]] named after him
* Euclid Avenues are located in Des Moines, IA; Cleveland, OH; Chicago, IL; Pasadena, CA; Boulder, CO; Santa Ana, CA; Flower Mound, TX; and Elmira, NY.

== References ==
* Artmann, Benno (1999). ''Euclid: The Creation of Mathematics''. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-98423-2.
* Bulmer-Thomas, Ivor (1971). "Euclid". ''Dictionary of Scientific Biography.''
* Heath, Thomas L. (1956). ''The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements'', Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-60088-2.
* Heath, Thomas L. (1981). ''A History of Greek Mathematics'', 2 Vols. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-24073-8 / ISBN 0-486-24074-6.
* Kline, Morris (1980). ''Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502754-X.

== External links ==
{{Commonscat}}
*[http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/elements.html Euclid's elements], All thirteen books, with interactive diagrams using Java.
* [http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/euclid.html Euclid's elements], with the original Greek and an English translation on facing pages (includes PDF version for printing) (only the first ten books).
* {{MacTutor Biography|id=Euclid}}
* [http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/ow/e8ebf8aa9507bdc9.html Library search at WorldCat] for ''The Medieval Latin translation of the Data of Euclid'' by [[Shuntaro Ito]]
*[http://euclides.org Euclid's elements], All thirteen books, in Spanish and Catalan.

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|DATE OF DEATH=265 BCE
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[[Category:Ancient Greek mathematicians]]
[[Category:Geometers]]
[[Category:4th century BC births]]
[[Category:3rd century BC deaths]]
[[Category:Number theory]]

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Revision as of 19:19, 17 January 2007

CASPR

CASPR (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views) - (View log)

Non-notable paranormal research group in Arkansas. Fails WP:RS and WP:V. See Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/West Virginia Ghost Hunters for a similar situation with another non db-group candidate ghost hunting organization.—Ryūlóng (竜龍) 03:01, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

--- LuckyLouie 01:01, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

  • You mean this CASPR, which issued a press release when Larry Flaxman got himself listed on wikipedia ? Delete per Flaxman (Flaxman was speedy deleted 3 times). It does not seem to have any notability except at a local level. All but one press article is trivial, and the organisation seems only to rear its head most at halloween time on local radio stations. Ohconfucius 02:40, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
  • Delete the article nominated... unless some evidence that the group passes some kind of basic notability test. ---J.S (T/C/WRE)
  • Delete - Poor non-notable ‘paranormal investigation’ articles undermine the importance of the parapsychology subject area on Wikipedia. - Solar 22:15, 16 January 2007 (UTC)
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