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{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name =Chey Chettha II<br>{{lang|km|ជ័យជេដ្ឋាទី២}}
|name = Chey Chestha II
|image = File:Royal Standard of Cambodia (Pre-1993).svg
| title = King of Cambodia
| image =
|image_size = 250px
| image_size =
|caption =
| caption =
|succession = [[List of kings of Cambodia]]
| succession = [[List of kings of Cambodia|King of Cambodia]]
|reign = 1618–1627
| reign = 1618–1628
|coronation =
| coronation =
⚫
|predecessor = [[Borom Reachea IV]]
| regent = [[Outey]]
|successor = [[Borom Reachsomphea]]
| reg-type = [[uparaja|Ouparach]]
|full name = Preahbat Samdech Preah Chey Chestha Thireach Reameathibdei
⚫
| predecessor = [[Srei Soriyopear]] (Barom Reachea IV or VII)
|spouse =
| successor = [[Thommo Reachea II]] (Ponhea To)
|issue = [[Ponhea To]] <br> [[Ponhea Nou]] <br> Ang Chan I <br> Ang Chan Vattey <br> Bopha Vattey
| full name = Samdach Brhat Narayana Naranatha Brhat Pada Samdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Jaya Jatha Parama Chakrapati Radhipdindra Mahindra Rajadhiraja Ramadipati Trilokya Parama Varman Narabuddhabansa Damrung Krung Kambuja Gururatta Mandirasila Mahasthana Brhat Paramanatha Parama Bupati Jaya Amachas Jivitha Ludhibana
|house = ([[Odong]])
| spouse = [[Nguyễn Phúc Ngọc Vạn|Princess Ngọc Vạn]] (Ang Chov)<br>Souk<br>Thong<br>Anak Mnan Pussa
⚫
|father = [[Srei Soriyoapor]]
| issue =Princess Ang Na Kshatriyi<br>[[Ponhea To]] (Thommo Reachea II)<br>[[Ang Tong Reachea]]<br>Princess Ang Vathi<br>[[Ramathipadi I|Ponhea Chan]] (Sultan Ibrahim)
|mother =
| royal house =
⚫
| birth_date =
| dynasty =
| birth_place = [[Longvek]] city
⚫
| father =[[Srei Soriyopear]]
⚫
| death_date = 1627
| mother = Sri Sujati
| death_place = Odong Royal Palace,
⚫
| birth_date = 1576
⚫
|date of burial =
|place of burial =
| birth_place =
⚫
| death_date = 1628 (aged 52)
|religion =
| death_place = [[Oudong]], [[Dark ages of Cambodia|Cambodia]]
* [[Buddha Theravada]]
⚫
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
}}
}}


'''Chey Chettha II''' ({{lang-km|ជ័យជេដ្ឋាទី២}} {{IPA-km|cɨj.ceit.tʰaː tiː piː|pron}}, 1576–1628) was a [[Ruler of Cambodia|king of Cambodia]] who reigned from [[Oudong]], about 40&nbsp;km northwest of modern-day [[Phnom Penh]], from 1618 to 1628. He was the son of King [[Srei Soriyopear]] (r. 1603–1618). He is noted for moving the royal capital from Srei Sonthor to Oudong, and for his cooperation with the [[Nguyễn Lords]] of [[Vietnam]] against the Siamese, which led to the Vietnamese annexation of the [[Mekong Delta]], including the city of Prey Nokor—the precursor of modern-day [[Ho Chi Minh City]].<ref name="kamm">{{cite book|title=Cambodia: report from a stricken land|author=Henry Kamm|url=https://archive.org/details/cambodiareportfr00kamm|url-access=registration|quote=chey chettha II.|year=1998|publisher=Arcade Publishing|isbn=1-55970-433-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/cambodiareportfr00kamm/page/23 23]}}</ref><ref name="salkin-96-354">{{cite book|title=Asia and Oceania|series=International Dictionary of Historic Places|volume=5|page=354|author1=Robert M. Salkin |author2=Trudy Ring |editor1=Paul E. Schellinger |editor2=Robert M. Salkin |publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1996|isbn=1-884964-04-4}}<!--|accessdate=2010-06-01--></ref>
'''Chey Chestha II''' ({{lang-km|: ជ័យជេស្ឋាទី២}}), (Siam call: Chey Chettha II) was the Cambodian king ruled from 1618 to 1627. After the official coronation ceremony in [[Lavea Em]], in 2162 BE, 1618 AD, Maha Sakarach 1541, His full name was called "Preahbat Samdech Preah Chey Chestha Thireach Reameathibdei" He was the eldest son of the Borom Reachea IV and had a younger brother, Outey, who was captured by the Siamese king and sent to Ayutthaya during the Siamese siege of Longvek in 1593 AD.<ref> Société Asiatique (1871) [https://books.google.com/books/about/Journal_asiatique_ou_recueil_de_m%C3%A9moire.html?id=ewFUAAAAcAAJ Journal asiatique ou recueil de mémoires, d'extraits et de notices relatifs à l'histoire, à la philosophie, aux sciences, à la littérature et aux langues des peuples orientaux, Volume 99], Publisher: Dondey-Dupré, Original from National Library of the Netherlands </ref>


In order to balance the influence of the Siamese forces, which had devastated the previous capital at Longvek during the reign of his father, Chey Chettha approached the Nguyễn lord for help. To cement the resulting alliance, Chey Chettha was married to Princess [[Nguyễn Phúc Ngọc Vạn]], a daughter of Lord [[Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên]], in 1618.<ref>Mai Thục, ''Vương miện lưu đày: truyện lịch sử,'' Nhà xuất bản Văn hóa - thông tin, 2004, p.580; Giáo sư Hoàng Xuân Việt, Nguyễn Minh Tiến hiệu đính, ''Tìm hiểu lịch sử chữ quốc ngữ,'' Ho Chi Minh City, Công ty Văn hóa Hương Trang, pp.31-33; Helen Jarvis, ''Cambodia,'' Clio Press, 1997, p.xxiii.</ref><ref name="nghiamvo-1623" /> In return, the king granted the Vietnamese the right to establish settlements in Mô Xoài (now [[Bà Rịa]]), in the region of Prey Nokor—which they colloquially [[Names of Ho Chi Minh City|referred to]] as ''Sài Gòn'', and which later became [[Ho Chi Minh City]].<ref name="kamm" /><ref name="ngbac">{{cite web|url=http://nguyenphuoctoc.net/doc/nguyen_bac_english.html|title=Nguyễn Bặc and the Nguyễn|access-date=2010-06-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413074249/http://nguyenphuoctoc.net/doc/nguyen_bac_english.html|archive-date=2009-04-13}}</ref>
== Moving the capital ==


In 1621, Chey Chettha initiated a major [[Law reform|legal reform]] from his palace of Sras-Kev in [[Kompong Luong]] on the banks of the [[Mekong]]. He codified the laws and traditions into twelve volumes which were not reformed until the reign of King [[Norodom of Cambodia|Norodom]] in 1872.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Leclère|first=Adhémard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=At8zAQAAMAAJ&q=eisey+|title=Les codes cambodgiens|year=1898|publisher=E. Leroux|language=fr|page=1}}</ref>
Chey Chestha II During his captivity in Ayutthaya, his father, Soriyoapor, secretly communicated with him, communicating in military language through language codes because he could not trust the people around him for fear of the king. Siamese spies or spies nearby, all letters are subject to strict Siam translation. In a secret message, Srei Soiyoapor told his son, Chey Chestha, to find a way to return to Cambodia and transfer the throne to him. 1605 - The Siamese king, [[Naresuan]], intends to raise an army to invade the [[Lao]] kingdom, so Chey Chestha asks the Siamese king to take the opportunity to flee to Cambodia. The Siamese king was unaware of Chey Chestha's intentions. The Siamese king agreed to the request during a battle with the Laotian army. Chey Chestha fled back to Cambodia. The Siamese king [[Naresuan]], upon hearing that Chey Chestha had fled back to Cambodia, became depressed and died in 1605 AD. Srei Soriyoapor transferred the throne to his son Chey Chestha II including a royal wedding with the daughter of Annam king named Ang Zhou in 1618 AD. Until 1620, Chey Chestha, realizing that [[Lvea Em]] was next to the main river, was easy for foreign navies and large warships to attack, so he decided to move the capital from Lvea Em to [[Udong]]. Which was a good strategic area, easy to defend itself from the invading enemy, with Annam as the backbone, Chey Chestha abandoned the Siamese tradition and adopted the Khmer tradition instead and did not send tribute to the Siamese to show the Siamese no longer recognized Siam power over Cambodia.<ref> Ernest Doudart de Lagrée (1883) [https://books.google.com/books/about/Explorations_et_missions.html?id=FCfMFx9kYvkC Explorations et missions: Cambodge], Publisher: Tremblay, Original from Lyon Public Library p.684 </ref>


In 1623, Chey Chettha allowed the Vietnamese to set up a [[custom house]] at Prey Nokor, in order to collect taxes.<ref name="nghiamvo-1623">{{cite book|url=http://www.sacei07.org/women10.jsp|title=The Women of Vietnam|series=Saigon Arts, Culture & Education Institute Forum|author1=Nghia M. Vo|author2=Chat V. Dang|author3=Hien V. Ho|publisher=Outskirts Press|date=2008-08-29|isbn=978-1-4327-2208-1|access-date=2010-06-17|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200648/http://www.sacei07.org/women10.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref> This settlement was the start of a major expansion by the Vietnamese beyond the borders established by [[Lê Thánh Tông]] in 1471. The increasing waves of Vietnamese settlers which followed overwhelmed Chey Chettha II's kingdom—weakened as it was due to war with the Siamese—and slowly Vietnamized the Mekong Delta area, claiming it for their own in the 1690s.<ref name="kamm" /><ref name="salkin-96-354" />
== Khmer-Siamese War, 1621 AD ==


The [[Dutch East India Company]] established ties with Cambodia in 1620, during Chey Chettha's reign; in 1623, they established an outpost at [[Kompong Luong]], a riverside port near Oudong.
A Siamese king named "Songtham", seeing that the Cambodian king was not subject to his kingdom And turned to Allies with the kingdom of Annam, he was furious and ordered an army to invade Cambodia in 1621 AD. Siam raised 105,000 troops led by a Siamese general named Samdach Thai Da. Siamese general Divided the army into three divisions, the first division of 55,000 troops entered through the [[Pursat province]], the second division of 20,000 troops as the navy entered the sea through Banteay Meas district (now : [[Kep Province]]) 30,000 troops as the Navy enters the [[Tonle Sap River]], The three Siamese armies came to attack and capture Udong city. Seeing that there were only 70,000 troops, seeing that he could not resist the Siamese army, he ordered his wife, Ang Zhou, to send a message to ask for help from his father-in-law, with the emperor Annam sending troops. 30,000 troops to help fight Cambodia. Chey Chestha divided the army into three divisions, the first division was led by Techo Yot And Techo Meas led 50,000 troops to fight with the Siamese army in [[Pursat province]], 2nd Regiment led by Preah Outey went to war with Siamese troops in Banteay Meas district (present: [[Kep province]]) The third army, the Annamite army, had to be embedded along the river to prevent the Siamese army from landing. The Siamese army was defeated by the Khmer army led by Techo Meas at [[Pursat province]]. The Siam navy, which sailed through the strait of Banteay Meas district ([[Kep province]]), failed under the auspices of Preah Outey. As for the Siamese navy, which sailed through the [[Tonle Sap]] Strait, Siamese warships in each boat carrying between 500 and 1,000 troops fought and the Annamite army along the Tonle Sap River in [[Kampong Chhnang]] Province. The Siamese army was prevented from landing by the Annamite artillery. Eventually, all three Siamese armies were severely defeated, and the remaining ten thousand Siamese troops withdrew. Both navies were wiped out, leaving the Annamite army to help and the Khmer army killed more than 20,000 and the Cambodian army killed more than 30,000.<ref> Société asiatique (Paris, France) (1871) [https://books.google.com/books/about/Journal_asiatique.html?id=ewFUAAAAcAAJ Journal asiatique], Contributor: Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France), Publisher: Société asiatique., Original from National Library of the Netherlands </ref> <ref> Eng Soth, Lim Yan (1969) [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1112074917 Document of the great Khmer man (Khmer royal genealogy)], Publisher: Member of the Historical Committee Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport, OCLC Number: 1112074917 </ref>​


== Family ==
== Khmer-Siamese War, 1622 AD ==
* Father: [[Srei Soriyopear]] (Barom Reachea IV or VII)

* Mother: Queen Sri Sujati
Undeterred by the first Siamese king, Song Tham, he ordered the Siamese army to invade Cambodia again in Kampuchea Krom in 1622. 40,000 troops Siam navy launched an attack on a port in Peam province. At that time, Cambodia had only 5,000 navy, and Cambodia was short of navies. Lack of warships to transport troops by water. Chey Chestha requested the help of Annamite troops for the second time, [[Annam]] sent 25,000 navies to fight with Cambodia in the battle of Peam province (currently: by the [[Vietnamese]] government). Name is included in the provincial of [[Kien Giang province]]. Many artillery shells were fired at the warships, eventually the Siamese army was defeated a second time, half of the Siamese army was killed and the other half of the Siamese army withdrew. These two victories of Cambodia became indebted to the Emperor of Annam, and this indebtedness brought weight to the King of Cambodia in agreeing to lend land to two provinces to the Emperor of Annam to set up military bases. Its two locations are Kampong Krabei province of Prey Nokor city (Now: [[Hochiminh City]]) and Kampong Srakatrey province of [[Dong Nai province]], where the land loan treaty was made in June 1623 AD.<ref> Société asiatique (1871) [https://books.google.com/books/about/Journal_asiatique_ou_Recueil_de_memoires.html?id=Q5nj-DPLAGAC Journal asiatique, ou Recueil de memoires, d'extraits et de notices relatifs a l'histoire, a la philosophie, aux langues et la litterature des peuples orientaux], Publisher: Imprimerie royale, Original from Sapienza University of Rome (Biblioteca di Studi Orientali) </ref>
* Consorts and their respective issue:

# Ang Chov ([[Nguyễn Phúc Ngọc Vạn|Princess Ngọc Vạn]]) from [[Vietnam|Annam]], a daughter of Lord [[Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên]]
== Annam military base in Cambodia ==
## Princess Ang Na Kshatriyi (married [[Batom Reachea I]])

#Suok
In 1623, the [[Trịnh lords|Trinh Dynasty]] of the North Vietnamese launched an invasion of the [[Nguyễn dynasty]] in February, so the Annamite emperor sent envoys to the land of two Cambodian territories as a base. Troops to counter the Vietnamese from [[Tonkin]]. Their language is adapted to the South Chinese accent and their style of dress is similar to that of the Chinese, and their dress is different from that of the Annamites, The Annamites had a similar style of dress as the [[Champa]]. In this land loan, Emperor Annam described the sacrifices of his army in coming to fight with Cambodia. If Cambodia does not agree to this request, Annam will break its alliance with Cambodia, and every time the Siamese army invades, Annam will not send troops to help Cambodia. Chey Chestha shocked his mind to the point that if Cambodia did not agree with, Cambodia and there was another strong enemy, the Annamites of the East, And the Siam of the West, so as not to lose the whole of Cambodia, he only had to cut two pieces of flesh for Annam. Therefore, Preah Chey Chesa agreed to provide land loans in two areas: Kampong Krabei province of Prey Nokor city and Kampong Srakatrey province of Dong Nai province, which provided a military base for the Annamites for 5 years from 1623 to 1628 AD. These two areas were to be returned to Cambodia. However, King Chey Chesha II did not reclaim these two areas because he died in 1627 AD, before the last treaty of the province. Both disappeared completely after the [[Trịnh lords|Trinh Dynasty]] from Tonkinese completely swallowed the Annamites in the early 18th century to the present.<ref> EFEO (1963) [https://books.google.com/books/about/Publications_de_l_Ecole_fran%C3%A7aise_d_Ext.html?id=XYmsikpmDL8C Publications de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient, Volumes 53-55], Publisher:L'Ecole, Original from the University of California p.78 </ref>
##[[Ponhea To]] (Thommo Reachea II)
#Thong
## Ponhea Nou ([[Ang Tong Reachea]])
## Princess Ang Vathi (betrothed to [[Ponhea To]] but married [[Outey]]. Executed together with Ponhea To in 1630)
#Anak Mnan Pussa from [[Lan Xang]]
##[[Ramathipadi I|Ponhea Chan]] (Sultan Ibrahim)


==References==
==References==
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{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
{{s-hou|Varman Dynasty||Unknow||1627}}
{{s-hou|Varman Dynasty||1576||1628}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-reg}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Srei Soriyopear]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Srei Soriyopear]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of kings of Cambodia|King of Cambodia]]|years=1618–1627}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of kings of Cambodia|King of Cambodia]]|years=1618–1628}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Ponhea To]]}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Thommo Reachea II]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{S-end}}
{{Monarchs of Cambodia}}
{{Monarchs of Cambodia}}

Revision as of 01:45, 22 December 2023

Chey Chettha II
ជ័យជេដ្ឋាទី២
King of Cambodia
King of Cambodia
Reign1618–1628
PredecessorSrei Soriyopear (Barom Reachea IV or VII)
SuccessorThommo Reachea II (Ponhea To)
OuparachOutey
Born1576
Died1628 (aged 52)
Oudong, Cambodia
SpousePrincess Ngọc Vạn (Ang Chov)
Souk
Thong
Anak Mnan Pussa
IssuePrincess Ang Na Kshatriyi
Ponhea To (Thommo Reachea II)
Ang Tong Reachea
Princess Ang Vathi
Ponhea Chan (Sultan Ibrahim)
Names
Samdach Brhat Narayana Naranatha Brhat Pada Samdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Jaya Jatha Parama Chakrapati Radhipdindra Mahindra Rajadhiraja Ramadipati Trilokya Parama Varman Narabuddhabansa Damrung Krung Kambuja Gururatta Mandirasila Mahasthana Brhat Paramanatha Parama Bupati Jaya Amachas Jivitha Ludhibana
FatherSrei Soriyopear
MotherSri Sujati

Chey Chettha II (Template:Lang-km pronounced [cɨj.ceit.tʰaː tiː piː], 1576–1628) was a king of Cambodia who reigned from Oudong, about 40 km northwest of modern-day Phnom Penh, from 1618 to 1628. He was the son of King Srei Soriyopear (r. 1603–1618). He is noted for moving the royal capital from Srei Sonthor to Oudong, and for his cooperation with the Nguyễn Lords of Vietnam against the Siamese, which led to the Vietnamese annexation of the Mekong Delta, including the city of Prey Nokor—the precursor of modern-day Ho Chi Minh City.[1][2]

In order to balance the influence of the Siamese forces, which had devastated the previous capital at Longvek during the reign of his father, Chey Chettha approached the Nguyễn lord for help. To cement the resulting alliance, Chey Chettha was married to Princess Nguyễn Phúc Ngọc Vạn, a daughter of Lord Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên, in 1618.[3][4] In return, the king granted the Vietnamese the right to establish settlements in Mô Xoài (now Bà Rịa), in the region of Prey Nokor—which they colloquially referred to as Sài Gòn, and which later became Ho Chi Minh City.[1][5]

In 1621, Chey Chettha initiated a major legal reform from his palace of Sras-Kev in Kompong Luong on the banks of the Mekong. He codified the laws and traditions into twelve volumes which were not reformed until the reign of King Norodom in 1872.[6]

In 1623, Chey Chettha allowed the Vietnamese to set up a custom house at Prey Nokor, in order to collect taxes.[4] This settlement was the start of a major expansion by the Vietnamese beyond the borders established by Lê Thánh Tông in 1471. The increasing waves of Vietnamese settlers which followed overwhelmed Chey Chettha II's kingdom—weakened as it was due to war with the Siamese—and slowly Vietnamized the Mekong Delta area, claiming it for their own in the 1690s.[1][2]

The Dutch East India Company established ties with Cambodia in 1620, during Chey Chettha's reign; in 1623, they established an outpost at Kompong Luong, a riverside port near Oudong.

Family

  • Father: Srei Soriyopear (Barom Reachea IV or VII)
  • Mother: Queen Sri Sujati
  • Consorts and their respective issue:
  1. Ang Chov (Princess Ngọc Vạn) from Annam, a daughter of Lord Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên
    1. Princess Ang Na Kshatriyi (married Batom Reachea I)
  2. Suok
    1. Ponhea To (Thommo Reachea II)
  3. Thong
    1. Ponhea Nou (Ang Tong Reachea)
    2. Princess Ang Vathi (betrothed to Ponhea To but married Outey. Executed together with Ponhea To in 1630)
  4. Anak Mnan Pussa from Lan Xang
    1. Ponhea Chan (Sultan Ibrahim)

References

  1. ^ a b c Henry Kamm (1998). Cambodia: report from a stricken land. Arcade Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 1-55970-433-0. chey chettha II.
  2. ^ a b Robert M. Salkin; Trudy Ring (1996). Paul E. Schellinger; Robert M. Salkin (eds.). Asia and Oceania. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 5. Taylor & Francis. p. 354. ISBN 1-884964-04-4.
  3. ^ Mai Thục, Vương miện lưu đày: truyện lịch sử, Nhà xuất bản Văn hóa - thông tin, 2004, p.580; Giáo sư Hoàng Xuân Việt, Nguyễn Minh Tiến hiệu đính, Tìm hiểu lịch sử chữ quốc ngữ, Ho Chi Minh City, Công ty Văn hóa Hương Trang, pp.31-33; Helen Jarvis, Cambodia, Clio Press, 1997, p.xxiii.
  4. ^ a b Nghia M. Vo; Chat V. Dang; Hien V. Ho (2008-08-29). The Women of Vietnam. Saigon Arts, Culture & Education Institute Forum. Outskirts Press. ISBN 978-1-4327-2208-1. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
  5. ^ "Nguyễn Bặc and the Nguyễn". Archived from the original on 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  6. ^ Leclère, Adhémard (1898). Les codes cambodgiens (in French). E. Leroux. p. 1.
Chey Chettha II
Varman Dynasty
Born: 1576 Died: 1628
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Cambodia
1618–1628 		Succeeded by
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