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{{Infobox Scientist
{{Copied to Wikibooks}}
| name = Otto Stern
{{Taxobox
| color = pink
| image = Otto Stern.jpg
<!--Per [[User:TEB728|TEB728]]: after a long discussion on the talk page a consensus agreed that his religion was too complex to summarize in the infobox. Please do not add it without reading the discussion.-->
| name = Lovebirds
| birth_date = [[February 17]], [[1888]]
| image = pingulovebird.jpg
| death_date = [[August 17]], [[1969]]
| image_width = 250px
| field = [[Physics]]
| image_caption = A peach-faced Lovebird
| prizes = [[Image:Nobel.svg|20px]] [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (1943)
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Psittaciformes]]
| familia = [[true parrots|Psittacidae]]
| genus = '''''Agapornis'''''
| genus_authority = [[Prideaux John Selby|Selby]], 1836
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
Nine - see text
}}
}}


'''Otto Stern''' ([[February 17]], [[1888]] &ndash; [[August 17]], [[1969]]) was a [[Germany|German]] [[physicist]] and [[Nobel Prize|Nobel]] laureate.
A '''lovebird''' ([[genus]] ''Agapornis'', [[Greek language|Greek]] for "lovebird") is a very social and affectionate [[parrot]].


Stern was born in [[Żory|Sohrau (Żory)]] in [[Upper Silesia]], in the [[German Empire]]'s [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Silesia]], and studied at [[Wrocław|Breslau (Wrocław)]] in [[Lower Silesia]]. After resigning from his post at the [[University of Hamburg]] in [[1933]] because of the [[Nazism|Nazis]]' [[Machtergreifung]] (seizure of power), he became professor of [[physics]] at the [[Carnegie Institute of Technology]] and later professor emeritus at the [[University of California, Berkeley]].
The name Lovebird stems from these birds' affectionate nature. Lovebirds form very close bonds with their mates, usually lasting a lifetime. This is reflected by the birds name in other languages: in [[German language|German]], "die Unzertrennlichen," and in [[French language|French]] "les inséparables"- "inseparables." For this reason, many people feel strongly that lovebirds in captivity should be kept only in pairs. Others believe that lovebirds, like other parrots, are social animals who can bond with human companions when given a great deal of care and attention.


Stern was an outstanding experimental physicist; his contributions included development of the [[Molecular Ray Method]], discovery of [[spin (physics)|spin quantization]] (with [[Walther Gerlach]] ([[1922]], see [[Stern-Gerlach experiment]]), measurement of [[atom]]ic [[magnetic moment]]s, demonstration of the wave nature of atoms and [[molecule]]s, and the discovery of the [[proton]]'s magnetic moment. He was awarded the [[1943]] [[Nobel Prize in Physics]].
Lovebirds are about 13-17 cm in size, 40-60 grams in weight and characterized by a small, stocky build and a short, cute, blunt tail. This puts them among the smallest parrots in the world although their beak is rather large for their overall size. Many lovebirds are green, although color mutations can feature many different colors. Some lovebird species, like Fischer's, black cheeked, and the yellow collared lovebird, have a white ring around the eye. Lifespan is 10 to 15 years.


==References==
* Friedrich, Bretislav and Dudley Herschbach, "Stern and Gerlach: How a Bad Cigar Helped Reorient Atomic Physics". ''Physics Today'', December 2003. Available online at [http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-56/iss-12/p53.html].


==Species and habits==
==External links==
*[http://www.nobel-winners.com/Physics/otto_stern.html www.nobel-winners.com] Otto Stern
[[Image:Agapornis_phylogeny.jpg|frame|right|Phylogeny of the genus ''Agapornis'' based on existing molecular evidence.<ref>Eberhard, Jessica R. (1998): Evolution of nest-building behavior in ''Agapornis'' parrots. ''[[The Auk]]'' '''115'''(2):455-464.</ref> The species with the red line is currently unplaced in the phylogeny, but does belong to this genus.]]
*[http://www.physik.uni-muenchen.de/leifiphysik/web_ph12/originalarbeiten/stern/molekularstr.htm Molecular Ray Method]
Eight of the different species come from the mainland of [[Africa]]. The ninth species, ''Agapornis canus'', originates from [[Madagascar]]. In the wild the different species are separated geographically. Lovebirds live in small flocks and eat mainly fruit, vegetables, some grasses and seed. Black-winged lovebirds also enjoy [[fig]]s.


Only some of the lovebird species are [[Sexual dimorphism|sexually dimorphic]]. This includes the Abyssinian lovebird, the Madagascar lovebird, and the black-collared lovebird.


There are a total of 9 different [[species]]:
*[[Peach-faced Lovebird]], ''Agapornis roseicollis''
*[[Masked Lovebird]], ''Agapornis personata''
*[[Fischer's Lovebird]], ''Agapornis fischeri''
*[[Nyasa Lovebird]], ''Agapornis lilianae''
*[[Black-cheeked Lovebird]], ''Agapornis nigrigenis''
*[[Madagascar Lovebird]], ''Agapornis canus''
*[[Abyssinian Lovebird]], ''Agapornis taranta''
*[[Red-faced Lovebird]], ''Agapornis pullarius''
*[[Black-collared Lovebird]], ''Agapornis swinderniana''


==Agapornis as pets==
Like with any other pet, it is essential that one make sure the birds that one is about to buy were bred in captivity, and not wild caught. Besides conservational and ethical reasons, wild caught animals are more likely to get sick and to die. Lovebirds, especially when kept individually or brought up hand-fed, make very good pets. Lovebirds can be very interactive with humans, and when comfortable around humans, will willingly perch on human’s fingers and shoulders. Lovebirds rarely talk, but there is a chance they may learn to mimic human speech if taught to at a young age.


[[Image:Skittles.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A lovebird perched on a finger]]


{{Nobel Prize in Physics}}
===Housing===
Lovebirds are very active and require an appropriately sized [[Birdcage|cage]]. They require lots of toys and things to chew on and play with. Lovebirds are extremely social birds, and there is debate on whether they should be kept individually. However, the consensus seems to be that they need social interaction, be it with conspecifics or human companion, for their emotional as well as physical well-being. Without this interaction, daily exercise, a roomy cage, and many toys to play with, they may resort to feather-plucking or other behavioral problems. They love to take baths almost every day and may sun themselves after bathing in order to dry


{{DEFAULTSORT:Stern, Otto}}
===Food===
[[Category:1888 births]]
Lovebirds require a variety of food, such as pellets, fruits, seeds, and vegetables. As a regular food, pellets are recommended, as the millet food generally sold in pet stores has too much fat in it and is not very balanced. Pellets specially made for birds provide a well-balanced diet. Fresh greens, such as spinach, are also extremely beneficial if not essential. (See [[Leaf vegetables]]).
[[Category:1969 deaths]]

[[Category:German natives of Silesia]]
[[Image:Lovebirds.family.jpeg|thumb|250px|right|Family of four lovebirds]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physics]]

[[Category:Erdős number 3]]
===Potential problems===
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty]]
Lovebirds are very vocal birds, making loud, high-pitched noises that can be a nuisance. They make noise all day, but especially during the first morning hours.

As stated above, lovebirds are also very active, and love to chew things. When they are let out of their cage, it would be wise to watch them carefully, and protect any furniture, electrical wiring or anything else that they could possibly chew on.

Lovebirds are all of the genus Agapornis and can produce offspring with other lovebirds within the same genus, these are thus hybrids, and are often sterile.
It is recomended to only place birdies of the same species together, or of the same sex, for the sake of the potentially faulted hybrid offspring.

[[Image:TikoTaiko.JPG|250px|Tiko the male Fischers and Taiko the female Peach-faced trying to make little hybrids]]

===Video===
[http://www.vidilife.com/index.cfm?f=media.play&vchrMediaProgramIDCryp=0ED66578-8C13-4304-9CF1-9 Lovebird video]


==References==
<references/>


[[Category:Aviculture]]
[[ca:Otto Stern]]
[[Category:Lovebirds|*]]
[[cs:Otto Stern]]
[[Category:Fauna of Africa]]
[[de:Otto Stern]]
[[es:Otto Stern]]
[[Category:Domesticated birds]]
[[fr:Otto Stern]]
[[hi:आटो स्टर्न]]
[[id:Otto Stern]]
[[sw:Otto Stern]]
[[nl:Otto Stern]]
[[ja:オットー・シュテルン]]
[[no:Otto Stern]]
[[pl:Otto Stern]]
[[pt:Otto Stern]]
[[ro:Otto Stern]]
[[ru:Штерн, Отто]]
[[sl:Otto Stern]]
[[fi:Otto Stern]]
[[sv:Otto Stern]]


{{Germany-physicist-stub}}
[[de:Unzertrennliche]]
[[el:Αγαπόρνις]]
[[es:Agapornis]]
[[fa:مرغ عشق]]
[[fr:Inséparable]]
[[it:Agapornis]]
[[nl:Dwergpapegaai]]
[[ja:ラブバード]]
[[no:Dvergpapegøye]]
[[pt:Agapornis]]
[[zh:情侶鸚鵡]]

Revision as of 22:47, 11 April 2007

Otto Stern
BornFebruary 17, 1888
DiedAugust 17, 1969
AwardsFile:Nobel.svg Nobel Prize in Physics (1943)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics

Otto Stern (February 17, 1888 – August 17, 1969) was a German physicist and Nobel laureate.

Stern was born in Sohrau (Żory) in Upper Silesia, in the German Empire's Prussian Province of Silesia, and studied at Breslau (Wrocław) in Lower Silesia. After resigning from his post at the University of Hamburg in 1933 because of the Nazis' Machtergreifung (seizure of power), he became professor of physics at the Carnegie Institute of Technology and later professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley.

Stern was an outstanding experimental physicist; his contributions included development of the Molecular Ray Method, discovery of spin quantization (with Walther Gerlach (1922, see Stern-Gerlach experiment), measurement of atomic magnetic moments, demonstration of the wave nature of atoms and molecules, and the discovery of the proton's magnetic moment. He was awarded the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physics.

References

  • Friedrich, Bretislav and Dudley Herschbach, "Stern and Gerlach: How a Bad Cigar Helped Reorient Atomic Physics". Physics Today, December 2003. Available online at [1].



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