Stu Hart and Baldwinian evolution: Difference between pages
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'''Baldwinian evolution''' is a [[theory]] proposed by [[United States]] [[psychology|psychologist]] [[James Mark Baldwin]] which states that organisms can pass on learned abilities to their offspring. It can be said to be an intermediate form of evolution between [[natural selection]] and social adaptation. Also sometimes called ontogenic evolution, the proposed mechanism does not involve direct transfer of learned abilities from generation to generation &mash; that would require invoking discredited [[Lamarckian evolution]]. Instead, Baldwin proposes a mechanism for non-specific selection for learning ability. These offspring would then tend to be more "phenotypically plastic". That is, they would have an increased capacity for learning new skills (including skills previously learned by their ancestors) rather than being confined to genetically coded, relatively fixed abilities. The human mind is the most phenotypically flexible entity in the living world, enabling a human of given genotype virtually infinite phenotypic flexibility through the acquisition of skills and learning. Baldwinian evolution may be a crucial factor in explaining the rapid evolution of human cognitive capacity, which some consider anomalous if only natural selection forces are considered. |
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[[Image:Stu_Hart.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Stu Hart]] |
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'''Stewart Edward (Stu) Hart''' (born [[May 3]], [[1915]] in [[Saskatoon, Saskatchewan]]; died [[October 16]], [[2003]] in [[Calgary, Alberta]]) was a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[sport wrestling|amateur wrestler]], [[professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] and wrestling trainer. |
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==Resources== |
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*[http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Cognition.Sociobiology.98/0101.html Baldwinian evolution] |
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==Career== |
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*[http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/pcu/noesis/issue_vi/noesis_vi_4.html The Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity through the Baldwin Effect] |
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Hart played football for the [[Edmonton Eskimos]]. In [[1946]] he became a professional wrestler, debuting in [[New York]], and embarked on a long, eventful career, at one point wrestling a [[tiger]] and a [[Brown Bear|grizzly bear]]. However, Hart was better known for his work behind the scenes in wrestling. In [[1948]] Hart founded Stampede Wrestling, a [[Calgary]]-based regional [[professional wrestling promotion|promotion]]. Stampede operated until the early [[1980s]], when it was purchased by the [[World Wrestling Entertainment|World Wrestling Federation]]. Hart then began training talent for the WWF, including his sons [[Bret Hart|Bret]] and [[Owen Hart|Owen]]. This relationship effectively came to an end in [[November]] [[1997]] when [[Montreal Screwjob|Bret left the WWF on bad terms]]. |
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[[Category:Evolution]] |
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==Family== |
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In 1948 he married Helen Smith; she died in 2001. Together they had twelve children: |
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* [[Smith Hart|Smith]] (1949-), a wrestler |
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* [[Bruce Hart|Bruce]] (1950-), a wrestler and promoter |
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* [[Keith Hart|Keith]] (1951-), a wrestler and [[firefighter]] |
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* Wayne (1953-), a wrestling referee |
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* Dean (1954-1990) who died of kidney failure, also a wrestler |
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* Ellie (1955-), who married the wrestler [[Jim Neidhart]], with whom she has a daughter: [[Nattie Neidhart]] |
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* Georgia (1956-), who married the wrestler, firefighter and gym owner B.J. Annis, with whom she has a son: [[Teddy Annis|Teddy Hart]] |
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* [[Bret Hart|Bret]] (1957-), [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWF]] and [[World Championship Wrestling|WCW]] wrestling legend |
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* Allison (1959-), who was married to the wrestler Ben Bassarab |
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* Ross (1961-), a wrestling producer and sometime wrestler |
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* Diana (1963-), who was married to the wrestler [[Davey Boy Smith|Davey Boy Smith (The British Bulldog)]]. She wrote a book entitled ''Under the Mat'' about life in the Hart family; it was removed from bookstores only weeks after its release in November 2001, following a lawsuit by Owen Hart's widow Martha over the contents. Her son is [[Harry Smith (wrestler)|Harry Smith]], pro wrestler. |
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* [[Owen Hart|Owen]] (1965-1999), a [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWE]] wrestler who died when a wrestling stunt went wrong |
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Family life with Stu Hart was colourful, including having [[André the Giant]] as a babysitter and a wrestling grizzly bear sleeping under the front porch. |
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==In Wrestling== |
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===Finishing/signature moves=== |
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*[[Professional wrestling holds#Sugar hold|Sugar Hold]] |
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===Wrestlers trained by Stu Hart=== |
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*Ben Bassarab |
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*[[Larry Shreve|Abdullah the Butcher]] |
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*[[Chris Benoit]] |
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*Larry Cameron |
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*[[Peter Polaco|Justin Credible]] |
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*[[Sylvester Ritter|The Junkyard Dog]] |
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*[[Tom Billington|The Dynamite Kid]] |
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*[[Billy Graham (wrestler)|Superstar Billy Graham]] |
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*[[Bret Hart]] |
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*[[Bruce Hart]] |
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*[[Keith Hart]] |
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*[[Owen Hart]] |
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*[[Ross Hart]] |
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*Smith Hart |
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*[[Billy Jack Haynes]] |
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*Jason Helton |
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*[[Mark Henry]] |
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*Jos Leduc |
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*Paul Leduc |
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*[[Jushin Liger|Jushin 'Thunder' Liger]] |
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*[[Jim Neidhart]] |
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*[[Brian Pillman]] |
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*[[Kensuke Sasaki]] |
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*Gama Singh |
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*[[David Smith (wrestler)|Davey Boy Smith]] |
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*[[Lance Storm]] |
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*[[Greg Valentine]] |
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==Championships/Accomplishments== |
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*1-Time NWA United States Heavyweight Champion |
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*1-Time Northwest Tag Team Champion (with Pat Meehan) |
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==External links== |
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{{imdb name|id=0366534|name=Stu Hart}} |
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{{lived|b=1915|d=2003|key=Hart, Stu}} |
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[[Category:People from Alberta|Hart, Stu]] |
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[[Category:People from Saskatchewan|Hart, Stu]] |
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[[Category:Canadian professional wrestlers|Hart, Stu]] |
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[[Category:Sport wrestlers|Hart, Stu]] |
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Revision as of 16:24, 24 June 2005
Baldwinian evolution is a theory proposed by United States psychologist James Mark Baldwin which states that organisms can pass on learned abilities to their offspring. It can be said to be an intermediate form of evolution between natural selection and social adaptation. Also sometimes called ontogenic evolution, the proposed mechanism does not involve direct transfer of learned abilities from generation to generation &mash; that would require invoking discredited Lamarckian evolution. Instead, Baldwin proposes a mechanism for non-specific selection for learning ability. These offspring would then tend to be more "phenotypically plastic". That is, they would have an increased capacity for learning new skills (including skills previously learned by their ancestors) rather than being confined to genetically coded, relatively fixed abilities. The human mind is the most phenotypically flexible entity in the living world, enabling a human of given genotype virtually infinite phenotypic flexibility through the acquisition of skills and learning. Baldwinian evolution may be a crucial factor in explaining the rapid evolution of human cognitive capacity, which some consider anomalous if only natural selection forces are considered.