Bateman's principle and List of pharmaceutical companies: Difference between pages

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+This is a list of [[pharmaceutical]] and [[biotech]] companies that are major manufacturers on global or national markets :
-In [[biology]], '''Bateman's principle''' is the observation that the sex which invests the most in producing offspring becomes a limiting resource over which the other sex will compete.  Typically it is the females who have have a relatively larger investment in producing each offpring.  A single male can easily fertilize all a female's eggs, she will not produce more offspring by mating with more than one male.  A male is capable of fathering more offspring than any female can bear, if he mates with several females.  By and large, A male's reproductive success increases with each female he mates with, whereas a female's reproductive success is not increased by mating with more males.  This results in [[sexual selection]], in which males compete with each other, and females become choosy in which males to mate with.
+{{expand list}}
-Bateman's observations came from his empirical work on mating behaviour in fruit flies.  He attributed the origin of  the unequal investment to the differences in the production of gametes, sperm are cheaper than eggs.  (More on this topic - see Maynard Smith, 1978)
+*[[Abbott Laboratories]]
-"in most animals the fertility of the female is limited by egg production which causes a severe strain on their nutrition. In mammals the corresponding limiting factors are uterine nutrition and milk production, which together may be termed the capacity for rearing young. In the male, however, fertility is seldom likely to be limited by sperm production but rather by the number of inseminations or the number of females available to him... In general, then, the fertility of an individual female will be much more limited than the fertility of a male... This would explain why in unisexual organisms there is nearly always a combination of an undiscriminating eagerness in the males and a discriminating passivity in the females." --Bateman, 1948.
+*[[Able Laboratories]]
+*[[Akzo Nobel]]
+*[[Allergan]]
+*[[Almirall Prodesfarma]]
+*[[Alphapharm]]
+*[[Altana]] (previously Byk Gulden)
+*[[ALZA]], part of [[Johnson &amp; Johnson]]
+*[[Amgen]]
+*[[AstraZeneca]], formed from the merger of Astra AB and Zeneca Group PLC
+*Aventis, now part of [[Sanofi-Aventis]]
+*[[Bayer AG]]
+*[[Biogen Idec]]
+*[[BioPort Corporation]]
+*[[Biovail]]
+*[[Boehringer-Ingelheim]]
+*[[Bristol-Myers Squibb]]
+*[[Catalytica Pharmaceuticals]]
+*[[CCL Pharmaceutical www.cclpharma.com]]
+*Celltech, part of [[UCB Celltech]]
+*[[Cephalon]]
+*[[Cipla]]
+*[[Diosynth]], part of [[Akzo Nobel]]
+*[[Douglas Pharmaceuticals]]
+*[[DSM Pharmaceuticals]]
+*[[Eli Lilly and Company]]
+*[[Fujisawa]]
+*[[Genentech]]
+*[[Genzyme]]
+*[[Gilead Sciences]]
+*[[GlaxoSmithKline]]
+*[[GPC Biotech]] ''anticancer drugs''
+*[[Hexal Australia]]
+*[[Hoffmann-La Roche]] or Roche
+*[[Institute for OneWorld Health]] nonprofit for infectious disease drugs for developing countries
+*[[Ipsen]]
+*[[Isis Pharmasuticals]]
+*[[Janssen Pharmaceutica]], part of [[Johnson &amp; Johnson]]
+*[[Janssen-Cilag]]
+*[[Jelfa]]
+*[[Johnson &amp; Johnson]]
+*[[King Pharmaceuticals]]
+*[[Knoll]]
+*[[Krka Pharmaceuticals]]
+*[[Lundbeck]]
+*[[MedImmune]]
+*[[Menarini]]
+*[[Merck & Co.]]
+*[[Merck KGaA]]
+*[[Millennium Pharmaceuticals]]
+*[[Novartis]]
+*[[Novo Nordisk]]
+*[Ordain Health Care],http://www.ordainhealth.com
+*[[Organon International]], part of [[Akzo Nobel]]
+*[[Ovation Pharma]]
+*[[Pfizer]]
+*[[Pharmacia]], now part of [[Pfizer]]
+*[[Pierre Fabre Group]]
+*[[Pliva]]
+*[[Procter &amp; Gamble]]
+*[[Ranbaxy]]
+*[[Sankyo]]
+*[[Sanofi-Aventis]]
+*[[Schering]]
+*[[Schering-Plough]]
+*[[Serono]]
+*[[Servier Laboratories]]
+*[[Shire Pharmaceuticals]]
+*[[Solvay Group]]
+*Sugen (became a part of [[Pfizer]] in 2003)
+*[[Takeda Pharmaceuticals]]
+*[[UCB Celltech]]
+*[[Vertex Pharmaceuticals]]
+*[[Wyeth]]
+*[[Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical]]
+==See also==
-"among polygynous species, the variance in male reproductive success is likely to be greater than the variance in female reproductive success." --Huxley, 1938.
+* [[Lists of companies]]
+== External links ==
-"The female, with the rarest exceptions, is less eager than the male... she is coy, and may often be seen endeavouring for a long time to escape." --Darwin, 1971.
+*[http://www.ibpassociation.com Pharmaceutical Companies Listings]
-== References ==
-* Bateman, A. J. 1948. Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity 2: 349-368.
-* Darwin, Charles (1871). The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex
-* Huxley, J. S. 1938. The present standing of the theory of sexual selection.  In G. R. de Beer (Ed.),  Evolution:  Essays on aspects of evolutionary biology  (pp. 11-42).  Oxford: Clarendon Press.
-* Maynard Smith, J. 1978. The Evolution of Sex. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521293022
+*[http://www.fda.gov/ FDA Website]
-See also: [[sexual selection]]
+*[http://www.biorole.com/ Careers in the Biopharmaceutical Industry]
-{{biology-stub}}
+*[http://www.clinqua.com/ Clinical Research Services]
-[[category:evolutionary biology]]
+*[http://www.kriger.com/training/index.htm Clinical Research Training]
+*[http://www.kriger.com/ International Clinical Research Services and Corporate Trainings]
+*[http://www.krctraining.com/ACRONYMS/index.htm Clinical Research Abbreviations and Acronyms]
+*[http://www.krctraining.com/CRA%20Definitions/index.htm Clinical Research Glossary / Definitions]
+*[http://www.kriger.com/international_modules/index.htm List of Food and Drugs Regulatory Agencies]
+*[http://www.krctraining.com/faq/faq.htm Clinical Research: Frequently asked questions]
+[[Category:Companies traded on NASDAQ]]
+[[Category:Companies based in California]]
+[[Category:Biotechnology]]
+[[category:pharmacology]]
+[[category:clinical research]]
+[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies|*]]
+[[Category:Lists of companies by industry|Pharmaceutical]]
+[[fr:Liste des entreprises pharmaceutiques]]