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{{Album infobox |
A '''single-party state''' or '''one-party system''' or '''single-party system''' is a type of [[party system]] and form of [[government]] where only a single [[political party]] dominates the government and no opposition parties are allowed. This is generally viewed as creating a [[dictatorship]], and many (though not all) actual dictatorships represent themselves as one-party states. Examples of dictatorships that are ''not'' one-party states include [[military dictatorship]]s, which often attempt to ban all party politics during their rule. A one-party system should not be confused with a [[dominant-party system]] in which an opposition is not officially prohibited, but it is largely ineffective (has no realistic chance of becoming the government), nor should it be confused with a [[non-partisan democracy]] which, by the consent of the electorate, prohibits all political parties. Where the ruling party subscribes to a form of [[Marxism-Leninism]], the one-party system is usually called a [[communist state]].
Name = Bobby Digital In Stereo |
Type = [[Album]] |
Artist = [[RZA]] |
Cover = Digitalinstereo.jpg |
Background = Orange |
Released = [[November 24]], [[1998]] |
Recorded = ? |
Genre = [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]] |
Length = 67 [[minute|min]] 57 [[second|s]]|
Label = [[Columbia Records]] |
Producer = [[RZA]] |
Reviews = <nowiki></nowiki>
*[[All Music Guide]] (4/5) [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=ADFEAEE47E1CD84FAC7020CE93324DCCB87AD20ED342F38250234558C080007DA01750EB4BE9D0D2B3E577B479AAB328AE5B06D9CEED468DA1&sql=10:wlavqj1iojfa link]
*[[Pitchfork Media]] (2.9/10) [http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/record-reviews/r/rza/bobby-digital-in-stereo.shtml link]
|
Last album = - |
This album = '''''Bobby Digital In Stereo'''''<br />([[1998]]) |
Next album = ''[[Digital Bullet]]''<br />([[2002]]) |
}}
'''Bobby Digital In Stereo''' is the debut solo album by the [[United States|American]] [[hip hop music|hip hop]] artist [[RZA]], the leader of the [[Wu-Tang Clan]]. It was released on [[November 24]], [[1998]].


== Track Listing ==
Single-party states often pay lip service to [[democracy]] (and this is especially true in the case of communist states, who often go so far as to insert the word "democratic" in their official name, largely because the Marxist-Leninist ideology which they claim to uphold ''does'' call for democratic government), but without a choice of different parties, elections in single-party states are usually largely symbolic. Although other political parties are sometimes allowed by the government, these other parties must subordinate themselves to the dominant party and cannot function as an opposition. The existence of other parties is sometimes justified by appeals to a [[united front]]. Also, some one-party states may allow non-party members to run for legislative seats, as was the case with [[Republic of China|Taiwan]]'s [[Tangwai]] movement in the 1970s and 1980s.
All songs produced by RZA unless otherwise stated


# Intro
In most cases, single-party states have arisen from [[fascist]], [[communist]] or [[nationalist]] ideologies, particularly in the wake of independence from [[Colonization|colonial rule]]. One-party systems often arise from decolonization because one party has had an overwhelmingly dominant role in liberation or in independence struggles.
# B.O.B.B.Y.
# Unspoken Word
# Slow Grind African
# Airwaves
#*Producer: King Tech
# Love Jones
#*Chorus: Angel Cake
# N.Y.C. Everything
#*First verse : RZA
#*Second verse: [[Method Man]]
# Mantis
#*First verse : RZA
#*Second verse: [[Masta Killa]]
#*Chorus: [[Wu-Tang Clan affiliates#Tekitha|Tekitha]]
# Slow Grind French
# Holocaust (Silkworm)
#*First verse : [[Wu-Tang Clan affiliates#Warcloud|Holocaust]]
#*Second verse: RZA
#*Third verse: Dr. Doom
#*Fourth verse: [[Ghostface Killah]]
#*Chorus: Ms. Roxy
# Terrorist
#*First verse : [[Wu-Tang Clan affiliates#Dom Pachino|Dom Pachino/P.R. Terrorist]]
#*Second verse: Dr. Doom
#*Third verse: [[Wu-Tang Clan affiliates#Killa Sin|Killa Sin]]
#*Fourth verse (Japanese version only) : Holocaust
# Bobby Did It (Spanish Fly)
#*First verse : [[Wu-Tang Clan affiliates#Islord|Islord]]
#*Second verse: [[Wu-Tang Clan affiliates#Timbo King|Timbo King]]
#*Third verse: RZA
#*Fourth verse : Ghostface Killah
# Handwriting on the Wall
#*First verse : [[Ras Kass]]
#*Second verse: RZA
# Kiss of a Black Widow
#*Producer: [[Inspectah Deck]]
# Slow Grind Italian
# My Lovin' Is Digi
#*Chorus: The Force M.D.s
# Domestic Violence
# Project Talk
#*With : [[Wu-Tang Clan affiliates#Beretta 9|Beretta 9]]
# Lab Drunk
# Fuck What You Think
#*First verse & chorus : RZA
#*Second verse: Islord
#*Third verse : [[Wu-Tang Clan affiliates#9th Prince|9th Prince]]
# Daily Routine
#*First verse & chorus : RZA
#*Second verse: Beretta 9


{{album-stub}}
One-party states justify themselves in various ways. One common justification is that multi-party systems introduce too much division and are unsuitable for economic and political development. This argument was particular popular during the mid-[[20th century]], as many developing nations sought to emulate the [[Soviet Union]], which had transformed itself from a backward, [[agriculture|agrarian]] nation into a [[superpower]]. A common counter-argument is that one-party systems have a tendency to become rigid and unwilling to accept change, which renders them unable to deal with new situations and may result in their collapse. This counter-argument became more widely held as the 20th century drew to a close and the [[Soviet Union]] and the countries of the [[Warsaw Pact]] collapsed. Finally, one-party states are often criticized for their disrespect towards [[human rights]].


[[Category:RZA albums]]
==Examples==
[[Category:1998 albums]]
The following countries are single-party states as of [[2005]]:
*[[Burma]] / [[Myanmar]]<sup>[[#Notes|1]]</sup>
*[[People's Republic of China]] ([[Communist Party of China]] leads the [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]])
*[[Cuba]] ([[Communist Party of Cuba]])
*[[Eritrea]] ([[People's Front for Democracy and Justice]])
*[[North Korea]] ([[Korean Workers' Party]] leads the [[Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland]])
*[[Laos]] ([[Lao People's Revolutionary Party]] leads the [[Lao Front for National Construction]])
*[[Syria]] ([[Ba'ath Party]] leads the [[National Progressive Front]])
*[[Turkmenistan]] ([[Democratic Party of Turkmenistan]])
*[[Vietnam]] ([[Communist Party of Vietnam]] leads the [[Vietnamese Fatherland Front]])

Examples of former single-party states include:
* many governments in [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] after independence, although all except [[Eritrea]] have converted to a [[multi-party]] system.
**[[Angola]] ([[Popular_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Angola_-_Party_of_Labour|Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labour Party]]) 1975-1991
**[[Benin]] ([[Benin People's Revolutionary Party]]) 1975-1990
**[[Burundi]] ([[Union of National Progress|Union for National Progress]]) 1966-1976, 1979-1992
**[[Cameroon]] ([[Cameroonian National Union]] 1966-1985/[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]] 1985-1990)
**[[Cape Verde]] ([[African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde]] 1975-1981/[[African Party of Independence of Cape Verde|African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde]] 1981-1990)
**[[Central African Republic]] ([[Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa]]) 1962-1979, ([[Central African Democratic Union]]) 1980-1981, ([[Central African Democratic Rally]]) 1987-1991
**[[Chad]] ([[Chadian Progressive Party]] 1962-1973/[[National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution]] 1973-1975), ([[National Union for Independence and Revolution]]) 1989-1990
**[[Comoros]] ([[Comorian Union for Progress]]) 1982-1990
**[[Congo-Brazzaville]] ([[National Revolutionary Movement]]) 1964-1968, ([[Congolese Labour Party]]) 1969-1990
**[[Côte d'Ivoire]] ([[Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire-African Democratic Rally]]) 1960-1990
**[[Djibouti]] ([[People's Rally for Progress]]) 1981-1992
**[[Equatorial Guinea]] ([[Worker's National United Party]]) 1970-1979, ([[Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea]]) 1987-1991
**[[Ethiopia]] ([[Worker's Party of Ethiopia]]) 1987-1991
**[[Gabon]] ([[Gabonese Democratic Party]]) 1968-1990
**[[Ghana]] ([[Convention People's Party]]) 1964-1966
**[[Guinea]] ([[Democratic Party of Guinea]]) 1958-1984
**[[Guinea-Bissau]] ([[African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde]]) 1974-1991
**[[Kenya]] ([[Kenya African National Union]]) 1982-1990
**[[Madagascar]] ([[National Front for the Defence of the Revolution]]) 1976-1989
**[[Malawi]] ([[Malawi Congress Party]]) 1966-1993
**[[Mali]] ([[Sudanese Union-African Democratic Rally]]) 1960-1968, ([[Democratic Union of the Malian People]]) 1979-1991
**[[Mauritania]] ([[Mauritanian People's Party]]) 1961-1978
**[[Mozambique]] ([[Frelimo|Mozambique Liberation Front]]) 1975-1990
**[[Niger]] ([[Nigerien Progressive Party-African Democratic Rally]]) 1960-1974, ([[National Movement for a Developing Society]]) 1989-1991
**[[Rwanda]] ([[Democratic Republican Party-Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement]]) 1965-1973, ([[Mouvement Républicain Nationale pour la Démocratie et le Développement|National Revolutionary Movement for Development]]) 1978-1991
**[[São Tomé and Príncipe]] ([[Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe]]) 1975-1990
**[[Senegal]] ([[Socialist Party (Senegal)|Socialist Party]]) 1966-1974
**[[Seychelles]] ([[Seychelles People's Progressive Front]]) 1979-1991
**[[Sierra Leone]] ([[All People's Congress]]) 1978-1991
**[[Somalia]] ([[Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party]]) 1976-1991
**[[Sudan]] ([[Sudanese Socialist Union]]) 1971-1985
**[[Tanzania]] ([[Tanganyika African National Union]]) 1965-1975; [[Zanzibar]] ([[Afro-Shirazi Party]] 1965-1992; TANU and ASP merged to form ([[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]]) 1975-1992
**[[Togo]] ([[Rally of the Togolese People]]) 1969-1991
**[[Uganda]] ([[National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement/Party]]) 1987-2005
**[[Upper Volta]] ([[Voltaic Democratic Union-African Democratic Rally]]) 1960-1966
**[[Zambia]] ([[United National Independence Party]]) 1972-1990
**[[Zaïre]] ([[Popular Movement of the Revolution]]) 1967-1990
* many [[Middle East]]ern and [[North Africa]]n governments such as
**[[Algeria]] ([[FLN]])
**[[Iraq]] ([[Ba'ath Party]])
**[[South Yemen]] (YSP)
**[[Tunisia]] (ND/RCD)
**[[Western Sahara]] ([[Polisario]])
* the former [[Soviet Union]] and the governments of the countries of the [[Warsaw Pact]] at that time, which were ruled by [[Communist party|Communist parties]].
* [[Germany]] under the [[Nazi Party]]
* [[Spain]] under [[Francisco Franco]]
* [[Portugal]] under [[António de Oliveira Salazar|Salazar]] and [[Marcello Caetano]]
* [[Republic of China|Taiwan]] under the [[Kuomintang]]

==Notes==
*The Burmese / Myanmar military, which has ruled the country since 1988, created a "National Unity Party" to give the régime a civilian façade. An election held in 1990 was nullified. The legal status of the winner of that election, the [[National League for Democracy]] (NLD), is in flux.

*[[Northern Ireland]], although it remained part of the [[United Kingdom]], had devolved government between 1921 and 1972. During this time it was always controlled by the [[Ulster Unionist Party]].

==See also==
* [[List of democracy and elections-related topics]]

==External links==
* [http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/oneparty.htm Map of One Party States, 1945-95]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/14chapter11.shtml Single party states in Africa]


[[Category:Political parties]][[Category:Elections]]

[[hu:Pártállam]]
[[nl:Eenpartijstelsel]]
[[ja:一党制]]
[[ru:Однопартийная система]]

Revision as of 10:52, 2 September 2005

Untitled

Bobby Digital In Stereo is the debut solo album by the American hip hop artist RZA, the leader of the Wu-Tang Clan. It was released on November 24, 1998.

Track Listing

All songs produced by RZA unless otherwise stated

  1. Intro
  2. B.O.B.B.Y.
  3. Unspoken Word
  4. Slow Grind African
  5. Airwaves
    • Producer: King Tech
  6. Love Jones
    • Chorus: Angel Cake
  7. N.Y.C. Everything
  8. Mantis
  9. Slow Grind French
  10. Holocaust (Silkworm)
  11. Terrorist
  12. Bobby Did It (Spanish Fly)
    • First verse : Islord
    • Second verse: Timbo King
    • Third verse: RZA
    • Fourth verse : Ghostface Killah
  13. Handwriting on the Wall
    • First verse : Ras Kass
    • Second verse: RZA
  14. Kiss of a Black Widow
  15. Slow Grind Italian
  16. My Lovin' Is Digi
    • Chorus: The Force M.D.s
  17. Domestic Violence
  18. Project Talk
  19. Lab Drunk
  20. Fuck What You Think
    • First verse & chorus : RZA
    • Second verse: Islord
    • Third verse : 9th Prince
  21. Daily Routine
    • First verse & chorus : RZA
    • Second verse: Beretta 9
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