Weepul and United States Fleet: Difference between pages
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The '''United States Fleet''' was an organization in the [[United States Navy]] from 1922 until after [[World War II]]. Initially the abbreviation CINCUS was used for Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet, officially replaced by COMINCH in December 1941. |
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The weepul was created in 1979 by the Oklahoma City city promotional firm, Bipo Inc. It was named by customer Tom Blundell after a stuffed doll his parents had tried and failed to market several years earlier. Blundell figured the little-people stick-on would only be a flash in the pan, “but it just got a life to it, and it still isn’t ready to die.” |
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==Establishment== |
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The General Order of 6 December 1922 combined the [[U.S. Pacific Fleet|Pacific]] and [[U.S. Atlantic Fleet|Atlantic Fleet]]s to form the United States Fleet. The main body of ships, the [[Battle Fleet]], was in the Pacific and the [[Scouting Fleet]] was in the Atlantic. Additionally, the [[Control Force]] protected Atlantic sea lanes, and the [[Fleet Base Force]] were included. Remaining independent were the [[Asiatic Fleet]], Naval Forces, Europe, the [[Special Service Squadron]] and all the [[submarine]]s. |
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In 1930, the Battle Fleet and Scouting Fleet were renamed the Battle Force and the Scouting Force. The [[Submarine Force]] was placed under control of CINCUS. The Control Force was abolished in 1931. The Special Service Squadron and the Asiatic Fleet were retained, both still apparently independent of the U.S. Fleet. |
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==Reorganization in 1941== |
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With the start of [[World War II]] in Europe the US Navy began to plan for the possibility of war in the Atlantic as well as the Pacific. On 1 February 1941, General Order 143 was issued, abolishing the United States Fleet organization. In its place, the Atlantic Fleet and the Pacific Fleet were re-established, each under its own commander-in-chief. Asiatic Fleet remained an independent organization as before. |
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The additional title of Commander-in-Chief United States Fleet was given to one of the three fleet commanders for the event of two or more fleets operating together. Except for this provision, the individual commanders-in-chief were responsible directly to the Secretary of the Navy and the President. |
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Rear Admiral [[Husband E. Kimmel]] was appointed Commander in Chief, United States Fleet and Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet, on February 1, 1941, with the rank of admiral from that date. Admiral Kimmel was relieved as CINPAC/CINCUS on 17 December 1941, shortly after the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]]. |
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The next day, by an Executive order of December 18, 1941, the post of Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet was re-established and given operational command over the Atlantic, Pacific and Asiatic Fleets and all naval coastal forces. On 20 December, Admiral [[Ernest King]] was assigned as COMINCH. One important difference from the previous post of CINCUS was that King insisted his headquarters be in [[Washington DC]] rather than with the fleet. |
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Dividing command of the navy between King and [[Chief of Naval Operations]] [[Harold R. Stark]] did not prove very effective. [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|President Roosevelt]] addressed the issue with Executive Order 9096 of March 12, 1942. This order allowed the offices of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet to be held by a single officer, and Admiral King was designated CNO in addition to COMINCH. King relieved Admiral Stark as CNO on 29 March 1942 and retained both "hats" for the remainder of World War II. |
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The position of Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet was abolished by Admiral King on 10 October 1945, and its functions were transferred to the Chief of Naval Operations. |
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==Current Status== |
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As of 2004, the United States Fleet Forces Command, formerly the Combined Fleet Forces Command, held similar duties. |
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==Leadership== |
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Commanders-in-Chief of the United States Fleet: |
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*Hilary P. Jones 1922-1923 |
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*[[Robert E. Coontz]] [[1923]] - 1925 |
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*[[Samuel Robison|Samuel S. Robison]] 1925 - 1926 |
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*Charles F. Hughes 1926 - 1927 |
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*Henry A. Wiley 1927 - 1929 |
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*William V. Pratt 1929 - 1930 |
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*[[Jehu V. Chase]] 17 September 1930 - 15 September 1931 |
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*Frank H. Schofield 1931 - 1932 |
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*[[Richard Leigh|Richard H. Leigh]] 1932 - 33 |
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*[[David Sellers]] 10 June 1933 - 18 June 1934 |
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*[[Joseph M. Reeves]] February 26, 1934 - June 1936 |
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*[[Arthur Hepburn]] 24 June 1936 - 1938 |
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*[[Claude C. Bloch]] 1938 - 6 January 1940 |
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*[[James Richardson (1879-1974)|James Richardson]] 6 January 1940-January 5, 1941 |
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*[[Ernest King]] (also CNO) 30 December 1941 - 10 October 1945 |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.gwpda.org/naval/fdus0001.htm Notes on U.S. Fleet Organisation and Disposition, 1898-1941] |
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* [http://www.cffc.navy.mil Fleet Forces Command] |
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==Sources== |
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Furer, Julius ''Administration of the Navy Department in World War II'', Washington DC, US Government Printing Office, 1959 |
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Buell, Thomas ''Master of Sea Power: A Biography of Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King'', Boston, Little Brown & Co. 1980 |
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King, Ernest J. and Whitehill, Walter M. ''Fleet Admiral King: A Naval Record'', New York, WW Norton & Co. 1952 |
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[[Category:U.S. Navy organization|Fleet]] |
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Revision as of 05:01, 17 November 2005
The United States Fleet was an organization in the United States Navy from 1922 until after World War II. Initially the abbreviation CINCUS was used for Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet, officially replaced by COMINCH in December 1941.
Establishment
The General Order of 6 December 1922 combined the Pacific and Atlantic Fleets to form the United States Fleet. The main body of ships, the Battle Fleet, was in the Pacific and the Scouting Fleet was in the Atlantic. Additionally, the Control Force protected Atlantic sea lanes, and the Fleet Base Force were included. Remaining independent were the Asiatic Fleet, Naval Forces, Europe, the Special Service Squadron and all the submarines.
In 1930, the Battle Fleet and Scouting Fleet were renamed the Battle Force and the Scouting Force. The Submarine Force was placed under control of CINCUS. The Control Force was abolished in 1931. The Special Service Squadron and the Asiatic Fleet were retained, both still apparently independent of the U.S. Fleet.
Reorganization in 1941
With the start of World War II in Europe the US Navy began to plan for the possibility of war in the Atlantic as well as the Pacific. On 1 February 1941, General Order 143 was issued, abolishing the United States Fleet organization. In its place, the Atlantic Fleet and the Pacific Fleet were re-established, each under its own commander-in-chief. Asiatic Fleet remained an independent organization as before.
The additional title of Commander-in-Chief United States Fleet was given to one of the three fleet commanders for the event of two or more fleets operating together. Except for this provision, the individual commanders-in-chief were responsible directly to the Secretary of the Navy and the President.
Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel was appointed Commander in Chief, United States Fleet and Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet, on February 1, 1941, with the rank of admiral from that date. Admiral Kimmel was relieved as CINPAC/CINCUS on 17 December 1941, shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
The next day, by an Executive order of December 18, 1941, the post of Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet was re-established and given operational command over the Atlantic, Pacific and Asiatic Fleets and all naval coastal forces. On 20 December, Admiral Ernest King was assigned as COMINCH. One important difference from the previous post of CINCUS was that King insisted his headquarters be in Washington DC rather than with the fleet.
Dividing command of the navy between King and Chief of Naval Operations Harold R. Stark did not prove very effective. President Roosevelt addressed the issue with Executive Order 9096 of March 12, 1942. This order allowed the offices of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet to be held by a single officer, and Admiral King was designated CNO in addition to COMINCH. King relieved Admiral Stark as CNO on 29 March 1942 and retained both "hats" for the remainder of World War II.
The position of Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet was abolished by Admiral King on 10 October 1945, and its functions were transferred to the Chief of Naval Operations.
Current Status
As of 2004, the United States Fleet Forces Command, formerly the Combined Fleet Forces Command, held similar duties.
Leadership
Commanders-in-Chief of the United States Fleet:
- Hilary P. Jones 1922-1923
- Robert E. Coontz 1923 - 1925
- Samuel S. Robison 1925 - 1926
- Charles F. Hughes 1926 - 1927
- Henry A. Wiley 1927 - 1929
- William V. Pratt 1929 - 1930
- Jehu V. Chase 17 September 1930 - 15 September 1931
- Frank H. Schofield 1931 - 1932
- Richard H. Leigh 1932 - 33
- David Sellers 10 June 1933 - 18 June 1934
- Joseph M. Reeves February 26, 1934 - June 1936
- Arthur Hepburn 24 June 1936 - 1938
- Claude C. Bloch 1938 - 6 January 1940
- James Richardson 6 January 1940-January 5, 1941
- Ernest King (also CNO) 30 December 1941 - 10 October 1945
External links
Sources
Furer, Julius Administration of the Navy Department in World War II, Washington DC, US Government Printing Office, 1959
Buell, Thomas Master of Sea Power: A Biography of Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King, Boston, Little Brown & Co. 1980
King, Ernest J. and Whitehill, Walter M. Fleet Admiral King: A Naval Record, New York, WW Norton & Co. 1952