List of states with limited recognition and Category:Trade unions in Cameroon: Difference between pages
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[[Category:Trade unions by country|Cameroon]] |
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Several geo-political [[entities]] in the world have no general [[international recognition]], but they are ''[[de facto]]'' [[state|sovereign states]]. |
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[[Category:Economy of Cameroon]] |
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Most are subnational [[subregion|regions]] with an ethno-[[national identity]] of its own that have "broken off" (i.e. [[separatism|separated]] themselves) from their original parent [[state]], and hence they are commonly referred to as "break-away" states. Some of these entities are in effect internally [[Autonomous entity|self-governing]] [[protectorate]]s that enjoy military protection and informal diplomatic representation abroad through another state to prevent its forced reincorporation into its original state. |
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==Partially recognized states with de facto control over their territory== |
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[[United Nations]] member states that are only partially recognized by the totality of the other UN members are not listed here. (For example, [[Foreign relations of Israel|39 countries]] do not recognize [[Israel]].) |
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*{{flagicon|ROC}} The '''[[Republic of China]]''' ('''R.O.C'''), which controls only [[Taiwan]] and some [[list of islands of the Republic of China|other small islands]] since losing the [[Chinese Civil War]] in [[1949]], lost most of its diplomatic recognition and [[China and the United Nations|UN seat]] to the [[People's Republic of China]] in [[October 25]], [[1971]] by [[UN General Assembly Resolution 2758]] and now is currently [[Foreign relations of the Republic of China#List of countries with diplomatic relations with the ROC| officially recognized by only 25 states]]. It conducts ''de facto'' (all but in name) relations with most countries through institutions such as the [[Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office]]s. (''See [[political status of Taiwan]]''). |
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*{{flagicon|Northern Cyprus}} The '''[[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]]''' (TRNC) was set up in northern [[Cyprus]] in 1975, following the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus|invasion of the Turkish Army]] in 1974, in response to a coup d'etat by the [[Greek military junta of 1967-1974|Greek junta]] aiming at "[[Foreign relations of Greece#Enosis|enosis]]" (unification with Greece). The TRNC declared independence in [[1983]] and it is recognised only by [[Turkey]]. A [[Annan Plan for Cyprus|United Nations proposal]] to unify the two Cypriot states was accepted by the TRNC, but rejected in a referendum by the Greek Cypriot community, citing security concerns. Further attempts at reunification have thus far been unsuccessful. |
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==Unrecognized states with de facto control over their territory== |
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*{{flagicon|Abkhazia}} '''[[Abkhazia]]''' in [[Georgia (Country)|Georgia]] is a self-declared and more or less functioning independent state with no international recognition from any other nation. It is situated between the [[Caucasus]] and the [[Black Sea]], recognized as a part of northwestern [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. After occupation of independent [[Georgia (Country)|Georgia]] by [[Bolshevist Russia]] in 1921 Abkhazia was briefly formally separated from Georgia and during the [[Soviet Union|Soviet period]] Abkhazia was merged back with Georgia in [[1931]] as an autonomous republic within Soviet Georgia. The Abkhazian Soviets proclaimed independence from Georgia in 1992, and a short war ensued from [[1992]] through [[1994]]. A June 1994 ceasefire has largely held, leaving Abkhazia outside the control of Georgia's central government. |
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*{{flagicon|Somaliland}} '''[[Somaliland]]''' (since [[1991]]) <small><sup>1</sup></small>. Located in northwest [[Somalia]]. In May of [[1991]], northern clans declared an independent Republic of Somaliland that now includes five of the eighteen administrative regions of Somalia, corresponding to [[British Somaliland]] which is located between [[Ethiopia]], [[Djibouti]], [[Puntland]] and the [[Gulf of Aden]]. |
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*{{flagicon|South Ossetia}} '''[[South Ossetia]]''' in [[Georgia (Country)|Georgia]] is a self-declared and more or less functioning independent state with no international recognition from any other nation. After occupation of independent [[Georgia (Country)|Georgia]] by [[Bolshevist Russia]] in 1921 it became the [[South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast]] within Soviet [[Georgia (Country)|Georgia]]. It proclaimed independence from Georgia in [[1991]], and a ceasefire was declared in [[1992]]. |
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*{{flagicon|Transnistria}} '''[[Transnistria]]''' '''[[Pridnestrovie|(Pridnestrovie)]]''' is the part of [[Moldova]] east of the river [[Dniester]] and (since [[1990]]) a self-declared and more or less functioning independent state with no international recognition from any [[sovereign state]]. It has a majority [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] population, as opposed to majority [[Moldovans|Moldovan]] which Moldova has. |
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*{{flagicon|Nagorno-Karabakh}} '''[[Nagorno-Karabakh]]''' in [[Azerbaijan]] is (since [[1991]]) a self-declared and more or less functioning independent state but is not recognised as independent. It is internationally recognized as being part of [[Azerbaijan]], but has an ethnic-[[Armenians|Armenian]] majority. |
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==Partially recognized states largely under [[military occupation]]== |
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*{{flagicon|Palestine}} The '''[[State of Palestine]]''' was declared in [[1988]] and recognized by a series of [[Arab]] and [[Muslim]] countries. (See also [[proposals for a Palestinian state]], [[Palestinian territories]], [[Gaza Strip]], [[West Bank]], and [[Israel]] all of which include articles about areas in the [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] region.) |
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*{{flagicon|Western Sahara}} '''[[Western Sahara]]''' is a territory claimed and largely administered by [[Morocco]] since [[Spain]] abandoned the territory in [[1976]]. The '''[[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]''' controls [[Free Zone (region)|the remainder of Western Sahara]]; it was proclaimed by the Front Polisario in 1976, is [[Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|recognized by 48 states]], and a full member of the [[African Union]]. [[Sovereignty]] is unresolved and the [[United Nations]] is attempting to hold a [[referendum]] on the issue through the mission [[MINURSO]]. The UN-administered cease-fire has been in effect since September [[1991]]. Western Sahara is on the [[United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories]]. |
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==Internationally administered territory== |
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*{{flagicon|Kosovo}} '''[[Kosovo]]''' although not recognized as an independent entity has functioned under the [[UNMIK|UN administration]] independently of [[Serbia and Montenegro]] since [[1999]] (on the basis of [[Security Council]] [[resolution 1244]]). Legally it is a Serbian autonomous province. |
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==Historic unrecognized or partially recognized states with de facto control over their territory== |
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=== Europe === |
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*'''[[Banat Republic]]''' (proclaimed in [[1918]]). Now part of [[Romania]], [[Serbia and Montenegro]], and [[Hungary]]. |
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*'''[[Baranya-Baja Republic]]''' (proclaimed in [[1921]]). Now part of [[Hungary]] and [[Croatia]]. |
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*'''[[Bavarian Soviet Republic]]''' ([[1919]]). Now part of [[Germany]]. |
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*'''[[Carpatho-Ukraine]]''' ([[1939]]). Now part of [[Ukraine]]. |
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*[[Image:Flag of Chechnya.svg|22x20px]] '''[[Chechnya]]''' ([[1996]]-[[1999]]). Now controlled by [[Russia]]n forces. ''See also [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]]''. |
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*[[Image:Flag of Croatia Ustasa.svg|22x20px]] '''[[Independent State of Croatia]]''' ([[1941]]-[[1945]]). Between 1945 and 1991, [[Croatia]] was a people's/socialist republic within [[Yugoslavia]]. Since 1991, Croatia is an independent country. Recognized since [[1992]]. |
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*'''[[Hungarian Soviet Republic]]''' ([[1919]]). Now part of [[Hungary]]. |
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*'''[[Irish Republic]]''' ([[1919]]-[[1922]]). Now it is part of the [[Republic of Ireland]] and [[Northern Ireland]]. |
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*'''[[Southern Ireland]]''' ([[1922]]). Now it is part of the [[Republic of Ireland]]. |
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*'''[[Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic]]''' ([[1918]]) |
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*'''[[Free Derry]]''' ([[August 14]] [[1969]] to [[July 31]] [[1972]]) Now it is part of [[Northern Ireland]]. |
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*[[Image:Gagauzia_Flag.PNG|22x20px]] '''[[Gagauzia]]''' ([[1990]]-[[1994]]). Now part of [[Moldova]]. |
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*[[Image:Herzeg Bosnia1993.gif|22x20px]] '''[[Herzeg-Bosnia|Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia]]''' ([[1992]]-[[1994]]). Now part of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. |
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*'''[[Lajtabansag State]]''' ([[1921]]). Now part of [[Austria]]. |
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*'''[[Limerick Soviet]]''' ([[1919]]). Now part of [[Republic of Ireland]]. |
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*[[Image:Serbian Krajina1991.gif|22x20px]] '''[[Republic of Serbian Krajina|Republic of Serbian Frontier]]''' ([[1991]]-[[1995]]). Now part of [[Croatia]]. |
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*'''[[Slovak Soviet Republic]]''' ([[1919]]). Now part of [[Slovakia]]. |
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*'''[[Slovakia]]''' ([[1939]]-[[1945]]). Between 1945 and 1993, Slovakia was part of [[Czechoslovakia]]. Since 1993, Slovakia is an independent country. |
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*[[Image:Flag of Republika Srpska.svg|22x20px]] '''[[Republika Srpska|Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''' ([[1992]]-[[1995]]). Now one of the two entities of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. |
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*[[Image:State-shs.png|22x20px]] '''[[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]]''' ([[1918]]). Now part of [[Slovenia]], [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Serbia and Montenegro]]. |
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*'''[[Republic of Užice]]''' ([[1941]]). Now part of [[Serbia and Montenegro]]. |
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*[[Image:Western Bosnia1995.gif|22x20px]] '''[[Western Bosnia|Republic of West Bosnia]]''' ([[1993]]-[[1995]]). Now part of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. |
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===Asia=== |
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*[[Image:Flag of Ajaria.svg|22x20px]] '''[[Ajaria]]''' ([[1991]]-[[2005]]). Now reintegrated into [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. |
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*[[Image:Kachinstateflag.png|22x20px]] '''[[Kachin State]]''' is the northernmost state of [[Myanmar]], controlled since 1962 by the [[Kachin Independence Organization]] but not diplomatically recognized by any country. In [[1994]], KIO and the Union of Myanmar agreed to formalize the status quo by creating the "Kachin State Special Region #1", officially still a part of the Union of Myanmar but ''de facto'' controlled by KIO. |
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*[[Image:Flag of Kurdistan.svg|22x20px]] '''[[Kurdish Autonomous Region]]''' ([[1991]]-[[2003]]). A ''de facto'' independent state in Northern [[Iraq]]. Now part of [[Iraq]]. |
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*[[Image:Flag of Manchukuo.svg|22x20px]] '''[[Manchukuo]]''' ([[1932]]-[[1945]]). Out of 80 then existing nations 23 recognized the new state. Now part of the [[People's Republic of China]]. |
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*[[Image:Flag of Tuva.svg|22x20px]] '''[[Tuva]]''' ([[1921]]-[[1944]]). Now part of [[Russia]] |
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*[[Image:Flag_of_Nakhichevan.png|22x20px]]'''[[Nakhichevan]]''' ([[1990]]). Now part of [[Azerbaijan]]. |
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*[[Image:Flag of the Talysh-Mughan Republic.png|22x20px]] '''[[Talysh-Mugan Republic]]''' (proclaimed in [[1993]]). Now part of [[Azerbaijan]]. |
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===Africa=== |
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*[[Image:Anjouanflag.png|22x20px]] '''[[Anjouan]]''' ([[1997]]-[[2002]]). Now part of [[Comoros]]. |
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*[[Image:Flag of Biafra.svg|22x20px]] '''[[Biafra]]''' controlled territory in eastern [[Nigeria]] between the time of its secession in May [[1967]] until its final military collapse in January [[1970]]. It was recognized by 12 nations. |
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*[[Image:FlagofBophuthatswana.png|22x20px]] '''[[Bophuthatswana]]''' ([[1977]]-[[1994]]). Former [[Homeland|Thuisland]] formed and only recognized by [[South Africa]], Transkei, Ciskei, and Venda. Now part of [[South Africa]]. |
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*[[Image:FlagofCiskei.png|22x20px]] '''[[Ciskei]]''' ([[1981]]-[[1994]]). Former [[Homeland|Thuisland]] formed and only recognized by [[South Africa]], Bophuthatswana, Transkei, and Venda. Now part of [[South Africa]]. |
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*[[Image:Jubaland.PNG|22x20px]] '''[[Jubaland]]''' ([[1998]]-[[2001]]). Now part of [[Southwestern Somalia]]. |
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*[[Image:Flag katanga large.png|22x20px]] '''[[Katanga Province|Katanga]]''' controlled the state of the same name within the former [[Belgian Congo]] after [[decolonisation]], between [[1960]] and [[1964]]. |
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*[[Image:Moheliflag.png|22x20px]] '''[[Mohéli]]''' ([[1997]]-[[1998]]). Now part of [[Comoros]]. |
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*[[Image:Rhodesia Flag.png|22x20px]] '''[[Rhodesia]]'''. British Colony that unilaterally declared independence in [[1965]]. This action was not legally recognized by any other nation, nor the declaration of Rhodesia as a republic in 1970. This entity remained until [[1979]], when it became [[Zimbabwe-Rhodesia]], then [[Zimbabwe]] in [[1980]]. |
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*[[Image:FlagofTranskei.png|22x20px]] '''[[Transkei]]''' ([[1976]]-[[1994]]). Former [[Homeland|Thuisland]] formed and only recognized by [[South Africa]], Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, and Venda. Now part of [[South Africa]]. |
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*[[Image:Vendaflag.png|22x20px]] '''[[Venda]]''' ([[1979]]-[[1994]]). Former [[Homeland|Thuisland]] formed and only recognized by [[South Africa]], Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, and Transkei. Now part of [[South Africa]]. |
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*[[Image:Zimbabwe-Rhodesia Flag.png|22x20px]] '''[[Zimbabwe-Rhodesia]]'''. Formed in [[1979]] after negotiations between white minority government and moderate black leaders. Unrecognized until [[1980]] when it became the Republic of [[Zimbabwe]]. |
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===Americas=== |
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*{{flagicon|Acre}} '''[[Acre (state)|Independent State of Acre]]''' ([[1899]]-[[1903]]). Now part of [[Brazil]]. |
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*[[Image:California state flag.png|22x20px]] '''[[California Republic]]''' ([[1846]]-[[1848]]). Now part of the [[United States of America]]. |
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*{{flagicon|CSA}} '''[[Confederate States of America]]''' ([[1861]]-[[1865]]). Originally formed on February 4, 1861 by seven Southern slave states ([[South Carolina]], [[Mississippi]], [[Florida]], [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Texas]], and [[Louisiana]]) after confirmation of the election of [[Abraham Lincoln]] as [[President of the United States]]. [[Jefferson Davis]] was selected as its first President the next day. After the [[American Civil War]] began, the states of [[Virginia]], [[Tennessee]], [[Arkansas]], and [[North Carolina]] joined. Recognized internationally only by [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], though recognized by some nations as a "belligerent power". Now part of the [[United States of America]]. |
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*{{flagicon|Hawaii}} '''[[Kingdom of Hawaii]]''' (Est. [[1810]]). A unification of the smaller independent chiefdoms of O'ahu, Maui, Moloka'i, Lāna'i and the Big Island of Hawai'i. Now part of the [[United States of America]]. |
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*{{flagicon|Hawaii}} ''' [[Republic of Hawaii]]''' ([[1894]]-[[1898]]). Now part of the [[United States of America]]. |
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*{{flagicon|Texas}} ''' [[Republic of Texas]]''' ([[1836]]-[[1845]]). Five nations recognized this entity. Now part of the [[United States of America]]. |
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*{{flagicon|Vermont Republic}} '''[[Vermont Republic]]''' ([[1771]]-[[1791]]). Now part of the [[United States of America]]. |
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*{{flagicon|Piratani Republic}} '''[[Piratini Republic]]''' ([[1836]]-[[1845]]). Today's [[Rio Grande do Sul]], part of [[Brazil]]. |
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*[[Image:Flag of the Republic of Rio Grande.svg|20px]] '''[[Republic of the Rio Grande|Republic of the Río Grande]]''' [[1840]]. Now part of the United States. |
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*[[Image:Republic_of_Yucatan_flag.svg|20px]] '''[[Yucatán|Republic of the Yucatán]]''' [[1841]]-[[1843]]. Short-lived separatist state; reintegrated into [[Mexico]]. |
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* [[Louisiana Purchase]] (1800's) Now part of the United States. |
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===Oceania=== |
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*{{Bougainville|Bougainville}} '''[[Bougainville]] ([[Republic of North Solomons]])''' ([[1990]]-[[1997]]). Signed a peace deal with [[Papua New Guinea]] giving the island autonomy pending an independence referendum within a decade. |
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*[[Image:Rotumaflag.jpg|22x20px]] '''[[Rotuma]]''' ([[1987]]-[[1988]]). This Polynesian-inhabited island which is administered by (Melanesian) [[Fiji]] declared its independence from Fiji by separatists after the military coups in Fiji in 1987. It did not have any substantive support. |
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*'''{{NCL}} ([[Kanaky]])'''. The [[Nouméa Accord]]s of 1998 postponed a [[referendum]] on independence until after 2014. |
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==Historic unrecognized or partially recognized governments with de facto control over their territory== |
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These [[regimes]] had control over the territory of a country for which most other states recognized a different government as being the legitimate government: |
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*[[Image:Flag of Taliban.svg|22x20px]] '''[[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]]''' ([[1996]]-[[2001]]). Only three states recognized this entity while the [[Taliban]] controlled it. See: [[History of Afghanistan]]. |
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*'''[[History of Cambodia (1979-present)#The People's Republic of Kampuchea, The Vietnamese Occupation|People's Republic of Kampuchea]]''' ([[1979]]-[[1989]]). Set up by the Vietnamese after their invasion and rout of the [[Khmer Rouge]] in Cambodia. Only a few Soviet-Bloc nations recognized this entity, while the UN, China, and most other nations recognized the Khmer Rouge's [[Democratic Kampuchea]] government. Succeeded by the State of [[Cambodia]], then the Kingdom of Cambodia. |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of countries]] |
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*[[List of sovereign states]] |
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*[[List of active autonomist and secessionist movements]] |
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*[[List of territorial disputes]] |
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*[[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]] |
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*[[United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories]] |
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*[[Micronations]] |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.tamilnation.org/tamileelam/defacto/index.htm Tamil Eelam - De Facto State] |
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[[Category:Lists of countries|Unrecognized countries, list of]] |
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[[Category:Unrecognized or largely-unrecognized states| ]] |
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[[Category:Proposed countries| ]] |
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[[an:Países no reconoxitos]] |
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[[de:Liste der völkerrechtlich nicht anerkannten Länder]] |
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[[ko:미승인 국가]] |
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[[sr:Списак непризнатих држава]] |
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[[sv:Lista över utbrytarstater]] |
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[[zh:未被國際普遍承認的國家列表]] |
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