HMS Cornwall: Difference between revisions
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There have been 6 '''''Cornwalls''''' in total in over 400 years in the Royal Navy serving the [[United Kingdom]] faithfully. Her battle honours are: Barfluer 1692, [[Falkland Islands]] 1914, [[Dardanelles]] 1915. It's motto is Unus et Omnes - One and All. |
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Seven ships of the [[Royal Navy]] have been named '''HMS ''Cornwall''''' after the [[Duchy of Cornwall]]. ''Cornwall's'' motto is ''onen hag oll (- Cornish)'', ''unus et omnes (- Latin)'', ''one and all'' - English). |
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*{{HMS|Cornwall|1692}} was an 80-gun [[third-rate]] [[ship of the line]] launched in 1692 and broken up in 1761. |
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==First== |
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*{{HMS|Cornwall|1761}} was a 74-gun third-rate launched in 1761. She was damaged in action in 1780, and subsequently burnt as unserviceable. |
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*HMS ''Cornwall'' was the name initially chosen for {{HMS|Heir Apparent}}, a 74-gun third rate captured from the Danes in 1807, but the name was not used. |
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*{{HMS|Cornwall|1812}} was a 74-gun third-rate launched in 1812. She was reduced to 50 guns in 1831, was renamed HMS ''Wellesley'' in 1869 and served as a [[school ship]] until broken up in 1874. |
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*[[HMS Wellesley (1815)|HMS ''Cornwall'']] was a 74-gun third rate launched in 1815 as {{HMS|Wellesley|1815|6}}. She was renamed HMS ''Cornwall'' in 1868 when she became a school ship, and was sunk in 1940. |
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*{{HMS|Cornwall|1902}} was a {{sclass|Monmouth|cruiser|0}} [[armoured cruiser]] launched in 1902 and sold in 1920. |
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*{{HMS|Cornwall|56}} was a {{sclass2|County|cruiser|0}} [[heavy cruiser]] launched in 1926 that a Japanese air attack sank during the [[Indian Ocean raid]] in 1942. |
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*{{HMS|Cornwall|F99}} was a [[Type 22 frigate|Type 22 Batch 3]] [[frigate]] launched in 1985 and decommissioned in June 2011. |
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==Battle honours== |
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The first HMS '''''Cornwall''''' was launched in 1692 and was an 80 gun [[Third-rate|Third Rate Frigate]] and in her first year took part in the battle of Barfluer - la Hogue. She was rebuilt in 1705-06 at [[Rotherhithe]] after which she served in the [[Mediterranean]] where she was involved in the capture of a French convoy off [[Catalonia]]in May [[1708]]. After yet another rebuild, this time in [[Deptford]], in 1723-26 she had a pleasant peacetime service in the [[Baltic]]and [[Mediterranean]]. Yet, she was not re-commissioned until [[1742]] yet a war between [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and [[Spain]] had been raging since [[1739]]. She intially served off [[Spain]], but was later deployed to the [[West Indies]] and in March [[1748]] took part in the capture of Port Louis in the French colony of [[Haiti]]. In the subsequent October she captured a 64 gun Spanish frigate during the defence of a convoy off [[Havana]]. She became a prison ship in [[1755]] ending her career in [[1760]] and being broken up in [[1761]]. |
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*[[Battles of Barfleur and La Hougue|Barfleur]] 1692 |
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*[[Battle of the Falkland Islands|Falkland Islands]] 1914 |
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*[[Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign|Dardanelles]] 1915 |
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== |
==See also== |
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* {{ship|HMJS|Cornwall}} - ships of the [[Jamaica Defence Force]] |
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==References== |
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The second HMS '''''Cornwall''''' was launched at [[Deptford]] in [[1761]]. She was a slightly smaller ship than her predecessor, though she had a potent 74 guns in her arsenal, serving in the [[English Channel]] until the end of the [[Seven Years War]] in [[1763]]. After service as a guardship at [[Plymouth]] she was sent to [[America]]. She arrived in [[New York]] on 30th July [[1779]] and just ten days later in a confrontation with the French. Later that year she was deployed to the [[West Indies]] where she was badly damaged in action off [[Grenada]] and again off [[Martinique]] in 1780. She was sent to [[St Lucia]] for urgent repairs, but she was impossible to repair due to extensive damage and was destroyed on 30th June [[1780]]. |
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*{{Cite Colledge2006}} |
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{{Ship index}} |
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==Third== |
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{{Italic title prefixed|3}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cornwall, Hms}} |
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The third HMS '''''Cornwall''''' was also a 74 gun [[frigate]], completed in [[1812]]. She was part of the Channel Fleet until the end of the [[Napoleonic War]] in [[1814]]. She was given numerous modifications to allow her to have a sun deck of 50 large and far more powerful guns resulting in a tremendous increase in speed and firepower. But even with these upgrades she never saw active service again. In [[1859]] she was loaned to the [[London]] Association for use as a juvenile reformatory school. In [[1868]] she exchanged names with HMS '''''Wellesly''''' and moved to the [[Tyne]] to serve as a training ship. She was scrapped in Sheerness in [[1874]]. The former HMS '''''Wellesly''''', now HMS '''''Cornwall''''' had in her active career taken part in the occupation of [[Karachi]] as well as operations against [[China]] and took over the reformatory duties that the original '''''Cornwall''''' had been charged with. She remained in service until September 1940 when she was sunk by a near-miss bomb. Eight years later, she was salvaged and broken up. |
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[[Category:Royal Navy ship names]] |
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[[Category:Military of the United Kingdom in Cornwall]] |
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==Fourth== |
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The fourth HMS '''''Cornwall''''' was a 9000 ton [[armoured cruiser]] launched at Pembroke in [[1902]]. At the beginning of war in [[1914]] she was deoployed to [[West Africa]] to intercept German merchant shipping. Shortly afterwards she proceded to the [[Falkland Islands]], where on 8th December [[1914]] she took part in the famous [[Battle of the Falkland Islands]], engaging German [[light cruiser|light cruisers]], sinking the [[SMS Leipzig|Leipzig]] in the process. She returned shortly afterwards to [[West Africa]], but left left in June [1915]] when she was sent to support the [[Battle of Gallipoli|Gallipoli Campaign]]. The following October she was back in the [[East Indies]] and [[China]] Station to protect Allied shipping from marauding enemy surface raiders. She returned to the [[UK]] in [[1917]] where she was refitted, and proceded to escort convoys between [[Canada]] and the [[UK]]. She paid off early in [[1919]]. |
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==Fifth== |
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The fifth HMS '''''Cornwall''''' was a 9750 ton [[heavy cruiser]], launched at [[Devonport]] in [[1926]]. She saw service in the exotic China Station until the outbreak of the [[Second World War]] when she was transferred to the [[East Indies]] Fleet. In November [[1939]] she was reallocated to the South Atlantic Command, but returned to [[Britain]] with a convoy in July [[1940]]. In early August she left [[Britain]] once again, operating off [[West Africa]], to support the [[Dakar]] operation and the [[Free French]] occupation of [[Duala]] in [[Senegal]]. Based in Simonstown, [[South Africa]] from December [[1940]], she escorted numerous convoys in the [[Atlantic Ocean|South Atlantic]] and [[Indian Ocean]], aswell as undertaking searches for armed merchant raiders that presented a hazard to Allied convoys. On 8th May [[1941]] she found and sank the enemy raider ship '''''Pinguin''''', north of the [[Seychelles]]. In March [[1942]] she joined the Eastern Fleet, operatating in the [[Ceylon]] area. On 5th April [[1942]], shortly after being detached with her sister ship the '''''Dorsetshire''''' from the Eastern Fleet, were sighted by Japanese aircraft. A short while later they were completely overwhelmed by the Japanese onslaught from approximately 50 [[dive bomber|dive bombers]], whose accuracy had deadly results, culminating in the sinking of both ships. 190 of '''''Cornwall's''''' 650 crew were lost. |
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==Sixth== |
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The sixth and present HMS '''''Cornwall''''' is a [[Type 22]] [[frigate]] and is a much large warship than the original Broadsword (Type 22) Class. She was launched in October [[1985]] and was commissioned at [[Falmouth, Cornwall]], [[United Kingdom]] in [[1988]] by the ship's sponsor, the ate Diana, Princess of Wales. The ship is the first of the Batch 3 of the [[Type 22]] and is the lead ship of the 2nd Frigate Squadron based in [[Devonport Dockyard|Devonport]], the largest naval base in [[Western Europe]]. She has recently been involved in the Globral War on terror aswell as in the recent [[2003_invasion_of_Iraq|Iraqi Conflict]]. |
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*'''Type 22 (Batch 3) Statistics''' |
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*'''Displacement''': 5300 tonnes |
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*'''Length''': 148.1 metres/485.9 feet |
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*'''Beam''': 14.8 metres/48.5 feet |
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*'''Speed''': 30 knots |
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*'''Complement''': 250 (Max. 301) |
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*'''Armament''': 114mm (4.5 inch) MK 8 gun |
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Goalkeeper close-in weapons system (CIWS) |
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Sea Wolf anti-missile system |
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2 x Quad Harpoon missile launchers |
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2 x 20mm Close range guns |
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2 x Triple anti-submarine torpedo tubes |
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NATO Seagnat Decoy Launchers |
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2 x Magazine launched anti submarine torpedo tubes |
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*'''Aircraft''': Lynx MK 8 helicopters |
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Armament: |
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Sea Skua anti-ships missiles |
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Stingray anti-submarine torpedoes |
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Mk 11 depth charges |
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Machine guns |
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*'''Affiliations''' |
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*The County of Cornwall |
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*HMS CORNWALL 1939-1942 Association |
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*The Light Infantry |
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*The Worshipful Company of Leathersellers |
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*Cornish Rugby Football Union |
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*TS St Petroc, Padstow |
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*TS Queen Charlotte, Guildford |
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*TS Pellow, Truro |
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*TS Robert Hitchens, Falmouth and Penryn |
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*6th Falmouth Sea Scout Group |
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*CCF Colston's Collegiate, Bristol |
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*CCF Berkhampstead College, Herts |
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*Cornish Royal Naval Association |
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Latest revision as of 03:30, 15 April 2022
Seven ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Cornwall after the Duchy of Cornwall. Cornwall's motto is onen hag oll (- Cornish), unus et omnes (- Latin), one and all - English).
- HMS Cornwall (1692) was an 80-gun third-rate ship of the line launched in 1692 and broken up in 1761.
- HMS Cornwall (1761) was a 74-gun third-rate launched in 1761. She was damaged in action in 1780, and subsequently burnt as unserviceable.
- HMS Cornwall was the name initially chosen for HMS Heir Apparent, a 74-gun third rate captured from the Danes in 1807, but the name was not used.
- HMS Cornwall (1812) was a 74-gun third-rate launched in 1812. She was reduced to 50 guns in 1831, was renamed HMS Wellesley in 1869 and served as a school ship until broken up in 1874.
- HMS Cornwall was a 74-gun third rate launched in 1815 as HMS Wellesley. She was renamed HMS Cornwall in 1868 when she became a school ship, and was sunk in 1940.
- HMS Cornwall (1902) was a Monmouth-class armoured cruiser launched in 1902 and sold in 1920.
- HMS Cornwall (56) was a County-class heavy cruiser launched in 1926 that a Japanese air attack sank during the Indian Ocean raid in 1942.
- HMS Cornwall (F99) was a Type 22 Batch 3 frigate launched in 1985 and decommissioned in June 2011.
Battle honours
[edit]- Barfleur 1692
- Falkland Islands 1914
- Dardanelles 1915
See also
[edit]- HMJS Cornwall - ships of the Jamaica Defence Force
References
[edit]- Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
This article includes a list of ships with the same or similar names. If an internal link for a specific ship led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ship article, if one exists.