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{{short description|American ethnologist (1873–1909)}}
⚫
'''Caroline Furness Jayne''' ([[1873]]-[[1909]]) was an American [[ethnologist]]. She wrote perhaps the first, and best-known, book on [[string figure]]s, ''String Figures and How to Make Them''.
{{for|the astronomer|Caroline Furness}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Caroline Furness Jayne
| image = Mrs. Horace Jayne (Caroline Furness Jayne) portrait by William Merritt Chase.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[William Merritt Chase]]
| birth_date = July 3, 1873
| birth_place =
| death_date = June 23, 1909
| death_place =
| resting_place = [[Laurel Hill Cemetery]], Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
| birth_name = Caroline Augusta Furness
| occupation = Ethnologist
| spouse = [[Horace Jayne]]
| children = [[Horace H. F. Jayne|Horace H.F. Jayne]]<br/> Kate Furness Jayne
| relatives = [[Frank Heyling Furness|Frank Furness]] (uncle)<br/>[[Horace Howard Furness]] (father)<br/>[[William Henry Furness III]] (brother)
| signature =
| website =
}}


⚫
'''Caroline Augusta Jayne''' ({{nee}} Furness; July 3, 1873 &ndash; June 23, 1909) was an American [[ethnologist]] who published the first book on [[string figure]]s in 1906 titled ''String Figures: A Study of Cat's Cradle in Many Lands''.
A graduate of [[Philadelphia]]'s [[Agnes Irwin's School]], she was the wife of [[Horace Jayne]], a biology professor at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. Her brother, [[William Henry Furness]], received his M.D. from Penn and was an "extensive traveler" and a fellow of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain.


==Early life and education==
Her string figure mentor was [[Alfred Haddon]], a Cambridge ethnologist who wrote that "in ethnology . . . nothing is too insignificant to receive attention." He then goes on to defend the research invested in the unpromising amusement of string figures. Jayne, an extensive traveler herself, was the first to create a popular study of string figures building on dry academic papers which appeared in journals like ''The Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology'' and the ''Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society'' as well as in a variety of foreign language anthropological journals.
Caroline Augusta Furness was born on July 3, 1873, the youngest of the four children and only daughter of Shakespearean scholar [[Horace Howard Furness]] and author Helen Kate (Rogers) Furness.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jordan |first1=John Woolf |title=A History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania and Its People |date=1914 |publisher=Lewis Historical Publishing Company |location=New York |page=631 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1T4tAAAAYAAJ |access-date=25 April 2022}}</ref> She grew up in the family's house in [[Washington Square, Philadelphia|Washington Square]] in [[Philadelphia]], and at [[Lindenshade (Wallingford, Pennsylvania)|Lindenshade]], their summer house in [[Wallingford, Pennsylvania]]. She graduated from the [[Agnes Irwin School]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's who in America |date=1908 |page=986 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GuYLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA986 |access-date=25 April 2022|last1=Leonard |first1=John William |last2=Marquis |first2=Albert Nelson }}</ref>


==Career==
''String Figures and How to Make Them'' was first published in 1906 (ISBN 0-8446-2318-0), and was reprinted by Dover in 1962 (ISBN 0-613-81171-2 and ISBN 0-486-20152-X).
She became interested in string figures through her brother, [[William Henry Furness III]]'s anthropology work with [[Alfred Haddon]] studying native cultures where string game figures were used.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Darsie |first1=Richard |title=String Games |date=2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. |location=New York |isbn=0-8069-7735-3 |page=80 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-DEQ9oKk0DkC&pg=PA80 |access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref>


Jayne was the first to create a popular study of string figures built on academic papers from journals such as ''The Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology''. the ''Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society'' and other foreign language anthropological journals. She also personally recorded string figures from several native groups that were in attendance at the [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition|1904 World's Fair]] in St. Louis, Missouri.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Conklin |first1=Edwin G. |title=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge |date=1941 |publisher=The American Philosophical Society |location=Philadelphia |page=771 |isbn=9781422372227 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1QLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA771 |access-date=April 26, 2022}}</ref>
⚫
[[Category:Anthropologists]]


[[File:String Figures and How to Make Them Fig 817.jpg|thumb|An example of [[string figure]]s from Jayne's book]]
Jayne published the first book on string figures{{sfn|Vandendriessche|2015|p=6}} in 1906 titled ''[[:File:String Figures and How to Make Them.djvu|String Figures and How to Make Them]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Talcott |last2=Repplier |first2=Agnes |title=Appreciations of Horace Howard Furness - Our Great Shakspere Critic |date=1912 |publisher=Privately Printed |location=Cleveland |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TC9v68NcpKEC&pg=PA15 |access-date=April 26, 2022}}</ref> The book provided instructions on how to create 129 string figures that were identified by anthropologists studying traditional societies{{sfn|Vandendriessche|2015|p=75}} such as those in [[Congo-Kasaï|Congo-Kasai]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |date=1906 |publisher=The Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |location=London |page=142 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lsUEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA142 |access-date=April 27, 2022}}</ref> and the [[Caroline Islands]].{{sfn|Vandendriessche|2015|p=86}}


The 1906 book review from the ''Journal of Education'':
{{anthropologist-stub}}
{{Blockquote|''Whew! Five-dollar cat's-cradles! Several full-page pictures and 934 other illustrations of cat's-cradles and other string figures. One is appalled at any attempt at description of such a book, so simple and yet so complex, so slight in its purpose, so vast in its revelation, and when one has gone through these more than 400 pages and nearly a thousand pictures he learns that all of this is merely "an introduction," to a real study of string figures—games which are widespread among primitive peoples, and played by weaving on the hands a single loop of string in order to produce intricat patterns supposed to represent certain familiar objects. All that is known of cat's-cradle figures in all lands and times is here gathered together with numerous studies, historic and ingenious. While there is in this a purpose to inspire the collector's craze of cat's-cradle curiosities in all races and places, there is a higher purpose of interesting people in the fascination of these games that quicken intellectual activities along a different line from bridge whist, games in which young and old alike can participate.''<ref>Boston University (April 12, 1906). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-iVJAQAAMAAJ&q=string+figures&pg=PA413 Journal of Education, Volumes 63-64]'', p. 413. Boston University: School of Education.</ref>}}

==Personal life, death and legacy==
On October 10, 1894, she married [[Horace Jayne]], a zoologist and professor at the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref>"Horace Jayne," ''Who's Who in America'' (Chicago: A. N. Marquis & Company, 1911), p. 1009.</ref> Together they had two children, Kate Furness Jayne (b. 1895)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Virkus |first1=Frederick A. |title=The Abridged Compendium of American Genealogy: First Families of America |date=1925 |publisher=A.N. Marquis & Company |location=Chicago |page=89 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o-ELAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA89 |access-date=April 27, 2022}}</ref> and [[Horace H. F. Jayne]] (b. 1898).<ref name=Winegrad>{{cite book |last1=Winegrad |first1=Dilys Pegler |title=Through Time, Across Continents: A Hundred Years of Archelogy and Anthropology at The University Museum |date=1993 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |location=Philadelphia |isbn=0-924171-16-2 |page=98 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bzg-j0vsVMMC&pg=PA98 |access-date=April 27, 2022}}</ref>

They built a house in Philadelphia at 19th & Delancey Streets, designed by her uncle, the architect [[Frank Furness]], now known as the [[Horace Jayne House]]. They also built a summer house in [[Wallingford, Pennsylvania]], [[Lindenshade (Wallingford, Pennsylvania)#Sub Rosa|"Sub Rosa"]] (again designed by her uncle), on the grounds of her father's summer house. Following Jayne's early death at age 36, her husband and children lived year-round at "Sub Rosa".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Griscom |first1=Richard |title=H.H. Furness, Lindenshade, and Suborsa |url=https://griscom.info/2011/11/27/lindenshade-and-subrosa.html |website=griscom.info |access-date=April 27, 2022}}</ref>

In her memory, her father commissioned a [[Louis Comfort Tiffany|Tiffany]] window for the [[First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia]].[http://s179260178.onlinehome.us/uploads/images/Development/StainedGlass-by-Lynch.jpg] The window features a portrait of her holding a lily.<ref>[http://www.philauu.org/page/our-building Our Building.] from First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia.</ref>

In 1910, her friend, the poet [[Florence Earle Coates]], wrote a poem in her memory.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Coates |first1=Florence Earle |title=Lyrics of Life |date=1910 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |location=Boston and New York |page=111 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hL0XAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA111 |access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref>

Her son, Horace H. F. Jayne, was the first curator of Chinese art at the [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]], worked as director of the [[University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology]] and as vice director of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].<ref name=Winegrad/>

==Bibliography==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=5rsTAAAAYAAJ String Figures: A Study of Cat's Cradle in Many Lands], Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1906

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed heights=175>
File:Our Philadelphia (Pennell, 1914) p333.jpg|Jayne's childhood house in [[Washington Square (Philadelphia)|Washington Square]], Philadelphia
File:Horace Jayne 1899.jpg|Horace Jayne, in 1899
File:Jayne House Philly.JPG|[[Horace Jayne House]] at 19th and Delancey Streets in Philadelphia
File:Photocopy of old photograph (in possession of Jayne family, as of September 1962) FRONT ELEVATION - Subrosa, Turner Road (Nether Providence Township), Wallingford, Delaware County, HABS PA,23-WALF,3-1.tif|The Jayne's summer home, "Sub Rosa" (c.1896) in Wallingford, Pennsylvania
File:Horace Howard Furness, Horace and Catherine Furness Jayne tombstone.jpg|Caroline Furness Jayne tombstone in Laurel Hill Cemetery
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[List of string figures]]

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book
| last = Vandendriessche
| first = Eric
| year = 2015
| title = String Figures as Mathematics? An Anthropological Approach to String Figure-Making in Oral Tradition Societies
| publisher = Springer
| isbn = 978-3-319-11993-9
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OTsLBgAAQBAJ
}}

==External links==
* {{wikisource author-inline}}
{{commons|Image:String Figures and How to Make Them.djvu|String Figures and How to Make Them}}
*[http://www.isfa.org/bisfa.htm#Volume4 Caroline Furness Jayne (1873-1909)]
{{String figures}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayne, Caroline Furness}}
⚫
[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American women writers]]
[[Category:Agnes Irwin School alumni]]
[[Category:American anthropology writers]]
[[Category:American ethnologists]]
[[Category:Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)]]
[[Category:Furness family]]
[[Category:String figures]]
[[Category:Women ethnologists]]
[[Category:Writers from Philadelphia]]

Latest revision as of 03:55, 10 February 2024

For the astronomer, see Caroline Furness.

Caroline Furness Jayne
Portrait by William Merritt Chase
Born
Caroline Augusta Furness

July 3, 1873
DiedJune 23, 1909
Resting placeLaurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
OccupationEthnologist
SpouseHorace Jayne
ChildrenHorace H.F. Jayne
Kate Furness Jayne
RelativesFrank Furness (uncle)
Horace Howard Furness (father)
William Henry Furness III (brother)

Caroline Augusta Jayne (née Furness; July 3, 1873 – June 23, 1909) was an American ethnologist who published the first book on string figures in 1906 titled String Figures: A Study of Cat's Cradle in Many Lands.

Early life and education

[edit]

Caroline Augusta Furness was born on July 3, 1873, the youngest of the four children and only daughter of Shakespearean scholar Horace Howard Furness and author Helen Kate (Rogers) Furness.[1] She grew up in the family's house in Washington Square in Philadelphia, and at Lindenshade, their summer house in Wallingford, Pennsylvania. She graduated from the Agnes Irwin School.[2]

Career

[edit]

She became interested in string figures through her brother, William Henry Furness III's anthropology work with Alfred Haddon studying native cultures where string game figures were used.[3]

Jayne was the first to create a popular study of string figures built on academic papers from journals such as The Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology. the Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and other foreign language anthropological journals. She also personally recorded string figures from several native groups that were in attendance at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis, Missouri.[4]

An example of string figures from Jayne's book

Jayne published the first book on string figures[5] in 1906 titled String Figures and How to Make Them.[6] The book provided instructions on how to create 129 string figures that were identified by anthropologists studying traditional societies[7] such as those in Congo-Kasai[8] and the Caroline Islands.[9]

The 1906 book review from the Journal of Education:

Whew! Five-dollar cat's-cradles! Several full-page pictures and 934 other illustrations of cat's-cradles and other string figures. One is appalled at any attempt at description of such a book, so simple and yet so complex, so slight in its purpose, so vast in its revelation, and when one has gone through these more than 400 pages and nearly a thousand pictures he learns that all of this is merely "an introduction," to a real study of string figures—games which are widespread among primitive peoples, and played by weaving on the hands a single loop of string in order to produce intricat patterns supposed to represent certain familiar objects. All that is known of cat's-cradle figures in all lands and times is here gathered together with numerous studies, historic and ingenious. While there is in this a purpose to inspire the collector's craze of cat's-cradle curiosities in all races and places, there is a higher purpose of interesting people in the fascination of these games that quicken intellectual activities along a different line from bridge whist, games in which young and old alike can participate.[10]

Personal life, death and legacy

[edit]

On October 10, 1894, she married Horace Jayne, a zoologist and professor at the University of Pennsylvania.[11] Together they had two children, Kate Furness Jayne (b. 1895)[12] and Horace H. F. Jayne (b. 1898).[13]

They built a house in Philadelphia at 19th & Delancey Streets, designed by her uncle, the architect Frank Furness, now known as the Horace Jayne House. They also built a summer house in Wallingford, Pennsylvania, "Sub Rosa" (again designed by her uncle), on the grounds of her father's summer house. Following Jayne's early death at age 36, her husband and children lived year-round at "Sub Rosa".[14]

In her memory, her father commissioned a Tiffany window for the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia.[1] The window features a portrait of her holding a lily.[15]

In 1910, her friend, the poet Florence Earle Coates, wrote a poem in her memory.[16]

Her son, Horace H. F. Jayne, was the first curator of Chinese art at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, worked as director of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology and as vice director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[13]

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
  • Jayne's childhood house in Washington Square, Philadelphia
    Jayne's childhood house in Washington Square, Philadelphia
  • Horace Jayne, in 1899
    Horace Jayne, in 1899
  • Horace Jayne House at 19th and Delancey Streets in Philadelphia
    Horace Jayne House at 19th and Delancey Streets in Philadelphia
  • The Jayne's summer home, "Sub Rosa" (c.1896) in Wallingford, Pennsylvania
    The Jayne's summer home, "Sub Rosa" (c.1896) in Wallingford, Pennsylvania
  • Caroline Furness Jayne tombstone in Laurel Hill Cemetery
    Caroline Furness Jayne tombstone in Laurel Hill Cemetery

See also

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Jordan, John Woolf (1914). A History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania and Its People. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company. p. 631. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  2. ^ Leonard, John William; Marquis, Albert Nelson (1908). Who's who in America. p. 986. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  3. ^ Darsie, Richard (2005). String Games. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. p. 80. ISBN 0-8069-7735-3. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  4. ^ Conklin, Edwin G. (1941). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. p. 771. ISBN 9781422372227. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  5. ^ Vandendriessche 2015, p. 6.
  6. ^ Williams, Talcott; Repplier, Agnes (1912). Appreciations of Horace Howard Furness - Our Great Shakspere Critic. Cleveland: Privately Printed. p. 15. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  7. ^ Vandendriessche 2015, p. 75.
  8. ^ The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. London: The Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 1906. p. 142. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
  9. ^ Vandendriessche 2015, p. 86.
  10. ^ Boston University (April 12, 1906). Journal of Education, Volumes 63-64, p. 413. Boston University: School of Education.
  11. ^ "Horace Jayne," Who's Who in America (Chicago: A. N. Marquis & Company, 1911), p. 1009.
  12. ^ Virkus, Frederick A. (1925). The Abridged Compendium of American Genealogy: First Families of America. Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Company. p. 89. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
  13. ^ a b Winegrad, Dilys Pegler (1993). Through Time, Across Continents: A Hundred Years of Archelogy and Anthropology at The University Museum. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. p. 98. ISBN 0-924171-16-2. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
  14. ^ Griscom, Richard. "H.H. Furness, Lindenshade, and Suborsa". griscom.info. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
  15. ^ Our Building. from First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia.
  16. ^ Coates, Florence Earle (1910). Lyrics of Life. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 111. Retrieved April 26, 2022.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to String Figures and How to Make Them.
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