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#REDIRECT [[Chełmno Land]] |
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[[de:Kulmerland]] [[pl:Ziemia Chełmińska]] |
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[[Image:Kulmland.JPG]] |
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'''Chełmno Land''' or '''Culmland''' ([[Polish_language|Polish]]: ''Ziemia Chełmińska'', [[German_language|German]]: ''Kulmerland'') is a historical region in central [[Poland]] bounded by the [[Vistula]] and [[Drwęca]] rivers. It is named after the city of [[Chełmno]] (German: ''Kulm''). The largest cities in the region are [[Toruń]], [[Grudziądz]], [[Chełmno]], and [[Chelmza]]. In various times it was considered to be part of the neighbouring provinces of [[Masovia]], [[Kuyavia]], [[Greater Poland]], [[Prussia]], and [[Pomerania]]; it is currently part of the [[Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship]]. The region is also sometimes referred to as Kulmer Land, Culmerland, or Culmer Land. |
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It is located on the right bank of the [[Vistula]] river, from the mouth of the [[Drweca|Drwęca]] river to Chełmno. Where the [[Vistula]] river takes a sharp turn northward, the Drwęca forms the eastern border of the region, while its southern and western border is the Vistula river. |
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== History == |
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In the [[10th century]] Chełmno Land was inhabited by the [[Lekhitic]] Kuyavian and Masovian tribes. When this area was subdued by the rulers of the [[Polans (western)|Polans]] Chełmno became a local centre of administration (kasztelania). Chełmno Land was [[Christianised]] by the [[11th century]]. |
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According to the will of Duke [[Boleslaus III of Poland]], after his death in [[1137]] Chełmno Land became a part of the duchy governed by his son [[Boleslaus IV the Curly]] and his descendants during the feudal fragmentation of Poland. |
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In the [[Middle Ages]] Chełmno Land was subject to constant raids by the pagan [[Old Prussian|Prussians]]. In [[1266]] Duke [[Conrad I of Masovia]], enlisted the aid of the [[Teutonic Order]] to protect [[Masovia]] and help convert the Prussians to Christianity. In return, the knights were to keep Chełmno Land as a fief, although some allege the grant to have been a forgery. |
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The Teutonic Order obtained an Imperial bull from Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] before entering Prussia, although this document is also disputed. In [[1243]] the [[papal legate]] [[William of Modena]] divided Prussia into four dioceses under the archbishop of [[Riga]], one of which was Chełmno Land. |
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After the [[Thirteen Years War]] between the Prussian cities and the Teutonic Knights ended with the [[Second Treaty of Thorn]] in [[1466]], Chełmno Land was placed under the Polish crown as a part of autonomous [[Royal Prussia]] (see [[Chełmno Voivodship]]). |
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In [[1772]] as a result of the [[First Partition of Poland]], Chełmno Land (with the exception of [[Torun]]) was seized by the [[Kingdom of Prussia]]. Between [[1807]] and [[1815]] Chełmno Land was a part of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]]. In 1815 it become part of the [[Grand Duchy of Poznan]], but in [[1817]] Chełmno Land was included in [[West Prussia]]. |
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Following the [[Treaty of Versailles]] in [[1919]], Chełmno Land was given to Poland in January, [[1920]]. |
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External links: |
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[http://www.pilot.pl/index.php3?z_city_id=335&lang=pl Chełmno Town and Land on a map of Poland] |
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[[Category:Regions of Poland]] |
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Revision as of 02:35, 1 July 2005
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