Brokeback Mountain: Difference between revisions

Brokeback Mountain
Brokeback Mountain film poster
Directed by	Ang Lee
Written by	Annie Proulx Larry McMurtry Diana Ossana
Produced by	Diana Ossana James Schamus
Starring	Heath Ledger Jake Gyllenhaal Michelle Williams Anne Hathaway Randy Quaid Anna Faris
Music by	Gustavo Santaolalla
Distributed by	Focus Features
Release date	December 9 2005 (USA)
Running time	130 min.
Language	English
Budget	$14 million

Brokeback Mountain is a Golden Globe Award-winning 2005 film directed by Ang Lee. The film, which has been a commercial success and critical favorite, stars Heath Ledger, Jake Gyllenhaal, Michelle Williams, Anne Hathaway, and Randy Quaid. Its frank depiction of a same-sex relationship, including its physical and emotionally romantic aspects, has generated praise as well as some controversy.

The short story on which the film is based was written by American novelist Annie Proulx. It first appeared in The New Yorker in October 1997, and was later included in a published anthology entitled Close Range: Wyoming Stories (1999). The screenplay was written by Diana Ossana and Pulitzer Prize-winning author Larry McMurtry.

Plot

Template:Spoiler Brokeback Mountain tells the story of Ennis Del Mar (Ledger) and Jack Twist (Gyllenhaal), two poor young men who meet and fall in love on a sheep herding job on Wyoming's (fictional) Brokeback Mountain in the summer of 1963. The film follows their lives over the next two decades and documents their complex emotional and physical relationship, which continues after both marry women and father children. Jack wants to try to create a life together, but Ennis, who is haunted by a childhood memory, fears being ostracized by his family or killed by members of the community if he and Jack were to live with each other. Often, they are only able to contact one another by sending postcards. Through it all, Ennis and Jack struggle with societal and family pressure, and their own fears that prevent them from fulfilling the love that captured them both during their first summer together.

Filming locations

The film was shot primarily in Alberta, Canada rather than Wyoming. Ang Lee usually shoots his films in the exact locations in which they are set (another notable exception was Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, in which the scenes set in the Wudangshan monastery had actually been filmed at another Taoist monastery), but he decided that Alberta would be an ideal place to shoot Brokeback Mountain because of its lush landscapes broadly similar to those in Wyoming, the lower production costs in Canada, and the willingness of production companies in Canada to assist with the project.

The movie was filmed during the summer of 2004.

Commercial success

Brokeback Mountain cost about U.S.$14 million to produce, excluding its advertising budget. [1]

The film saw limited release in the United States on December 9, 2005 (in New York, Los Angeles, and San Francisco), taking $547,425 in just five theaters its first weekend. According to several sources, including TV Guide [2] and indiewire [3], this was the highest per-showing average for any drama in film history.

Over the Christmas weekend, it posted the highest per theater gross of any movie [4] and was considered a box office success not only in urban centers such as New York City and Los Angeles, but also in suburban theaters near Portland, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, and Atlanta. On January 6, 2006, the movie expanded into 483 theaters, and, on January 13, 2006 Focus Features, the movie's distributor, opened Brokeback in nearly 700 North American cinemas as part of its ongoing expansion strategy for the movie. On January 20, the film opened in 1,194 theaters in North America and on January 27 it opened in 1,652 theaters, its widest release yet. [5] Brokeback is now the tenth most widely-released film in North America. [6]

As of January 29, 2006, Brokeback Mountain had grossed more than $50 million in North America (making it the ninth highest-grossing R-rated film that opened in 2005 [7]) and more than $10 million elsewhere. [8].

The film was released in London, UK on December 30, 2005 in only one cinema, and was widely released in UK on January 6, 2006. On January 11, Time Out London magazine reported that it was the number one movie in the city, surpassing Match Point, which was largely filmed in London [9]. As of January 24, Brokeback Mountain was still the highest-grossing film in London. [10]

The movie was released in France on January 18, 2006 in 155 cinemas (expanding into 258 cinemas in the second week). In its first week of release, Brokeback Mountain was in third place at the French box office, with 277,000 people viewing the movie, or an average of 1,787 people by cinema per week, the highest such figure for any film in France that week. Released in Italy on January 20, the film grossed more than 890,000 euros in only three days, and was the fourth highest-grossing film in the country in its first week of release.

Brokeback Mountain was released in Australia on January 26, and the film is being released in many other countries during the first three months of 2006 [11].

Brokeback Mountain was the highest-grossing movie in the U.S. from Tuesday, January 17 through Thursday, January 19, 2006, perhaps due primarily to its wins at the Golden Globes on January 16. Indeed, the movie was one of the top five highest-grossing films in the U.S. every day from January 17 until January 28, including over the weekend (when more people go to the movies and big-budget films usually crowd out independent films from the top-grossing list) of January 20-22. [12] On Saturday, January 28, the movie fell out of the top five and into sixth place at the box office.

According to interviews with the filmmakers, Focus Features was able to recoup their production costs by selling overseas rights to the film so, from the outset, the film was not in danger of losing very much money.

Reviews

File:Brokeback mountain1.jpg

Screenshot. Ledger (left) as Ennis Del Mar and Gyllenhaal (right) portraying Jack Twist.

Professional movie critics have heaped praise on Brokeback Mountain. [13] The film won four Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture-Drama, and was nominated for seven, leading all other films in the 2005 awards. It has won the Golden Lion at the Venice International Film Festival, as well as the title Best Picture from the Boston Society of Film Critics, the Dallas Fort Worth Film Critics Association, the Florida Film Critics Circle, the Las Vegas Film Critics Society, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, the New York Film Critics Circle, the San Francisco Film Critics Circle, the Southeastern Film Critics Association, and the Utah Film Critics Society. Brokeback Mountain was given two thumbs up by Ebert & Roeper, the former granting a rare four-star review in the Chicago Sun-Times. Currently, the film holds an 86% rating of "Fresh" from 188 reviews on RottenTomatoes.com and received 'circumspect' positive reviews from the Catholic News Service and Christianity Today.

Most gay and lesbian cultural commentators have praised the film, although a few critics, such as David Ehrenstein, believe that the film's cultural impact is being overplayed at the expense of other groundbreaking films and the challenges that openly gay and lesbian actors still face. A few other gay commentators and bloggers have written disapprovingly about the fact that, in what has been widely hailed as a "breakthrough" film for gay cinema, neither of the film's two lead actors, nor its director, nor its screenwriters is gay.

On January 3, 2006, Focus Features' parent company, Universal, announced that Brokeback Mountain was the most honored film of 2005. The independent website criticstop10.net[14] backed that assertion, reporting that Brokeback Mountain was the most frequently-selected movie on reviewers' year-end "Top Ten" lists of 2005.

Controversies

Roman Catholic Church

The warm review by the Catholic News Service caused a controversy in itself when it labeled the movie "L" for "appropriate for limited adult audiences". A few days after the original post praising the film, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops' Office for Film and Broadcasting changed the rating to "O" for "morally offensive," in part due to the reaction of conservative Catholic organizations, such as LifeSite. [15] On December 29, 2005 the review was completely removed and replaced with a review that contained Catholic teachings against persons in same-sex relationships and called the two male characters "scarred."

Journalist and political pundit Andrew Sullivan speculates that the Catholic Church now sees the power of the film as a threat in that it might lead Catholics to see the "affliction" of "deep-seated homosexual tendencies" from Church teachings as "deep-seated homosexual love" or "deep-seated human love" instead.

Controversy notwithstanding, one large Catholic private school in Utah, Juan Diego, had its students attend a field trip to a local movie house to view the movie for a humanities class. The school principal defended the action stating it would broaden the students' understanding and humanity.

Utah theater dispute

On January 6, 2006, Utah Jazz owner and Latter-Day Saint Larry H. Miller pulled the film from his Jordan Commons entertainment complex in Sandy, Utah, a suburb of Salt Lake City, at the last minute after entering into a contract to show it and heavily advertising for it. He reneged on his obligations approximately two hours before the first scheduled showing upon learning that the plot concerned a same-sex romance. Other R-rated films, such as the pot-smoking comedy Grandma's Boy and the violent horror film Hostel were still allowed to be shown.

On January 9, 2006, he also canceled his agreement to show Transamerica, a comedy-drama about the life of a pre-op transgendered person, which had been scheduled to open on January 20. However, on January 20 he did not interfere with the screening of another film with gay themes, Capote. [16]

Miller was heavily criticized by Equality Utah, Focus Features, and local residents who had arrived to purchase tickets only to find it had been canceled without notice. The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgendered Community Center of Utah has called their fellow Utahns to "vote with your hard-earned dollars" and "avoid" Miller’s holdings in response, including the Delta Center, his two theaters and several car dealerships. Focus Features has threatened to sue him and announced it will no longer do business with him. In a statement it added, "You can't do business with people who break their word."

Gayle Ruzicka, of the Utah chapter of the conservative national organization, the Eagle Forum, commended Miller's decision: "I just think [pulling the show] tells the young people especially that maybe there is something wrong with this show," she said.

Brokeback actor Heath Ledger called the cancellation "unnecessary", noting: "Personally I don't think the movie is controversial, but I think maybe the Mormons in Utah do. I think it's hilarious and very immature of a society." Comedian Jay Leno and MSNBC news anchor Keith Olbermann both made jokes about the decision. Utah talk-show host Doug Wright, who reviews movies for KSL Radio, which is owned by the LDS Church, has said that if he were Miller he would not have pulled the movie.

Brokeback Mountain has been successful at other Salt Lake City-area theaters. The Broadway Theater placed the 10th highest per-screen average nationwide during the New Years holiday, and in terms of total grosses it ranked number one while only showing on one screen at the Century 16. A poll aired on KSL television found 40% of all Utahns disagreed with Miller's move, as did a majority of Salt Lake County residents, where his complex is located. KSL found that the 60% who agreed with the film's removal had larger families and less disposable income compared with those who disagreed. A spokesperson for Focus Features added, "Given the gigantic grosses already being posted in Salt Lake City for Brokeback Mountain, this is their loss." [17]

Fox News

Several political pundits on Fox News, including commentators Bill O'Reilly, John Gibson, and Cal Thomas, accused Hollywood of pushing an agenda and told their viewers that the Christian-themed Chronicles of Narnia has more merit for "best picture of the year." On December 23, 2005, the network reported that Brokeback Mountain was facing "Brokeback Burnout," citing a fall in revenues from Sunday, December 18, 2005, to Monday, as well as subsequent falls during the week as evidence.[18] Others have pointed out that nearly every movie faces declining business during the transition from weekend to weekdays.

On December 29, however, the news organization reported that the movie was a box-office success, leading all other movies in terms of per-theater gross during the Christmas weekend, [19] while Narnia was top in overall weekend gross (showing on 3,636 more screens than Brokeback Mountain at the time) [20].

The Today Show

The film critic for the U.S. morning show The Today Show, Gene Shalit, called Jake Gyllenhaal's character, Jack Twist, a "sexual predator" who "tracks Ennis down and coaxes him into sporadic trysts." This triggered complaints, particularly from gay media watchdog group GLAAD, who argued that Shalit's characterization of "Jack" would be akin to calling Leonardo DiCaprio's character in Titanic a sexual predator because he is romantically interested in the character played by Kate Winslet. Shalit later apologized, saying: [21]

In describing the behavior of "Jack" I used words ("sexual predator") that I now discover have angered, agitated, and hurt many people. I did not intend to use a word that many in the gay community consider incendiary...I certainly had no intention of casting aspersions on anyone in the gay community or on the community itself. I regret any emotional hurt that may have resulted from my review of "Brokeback Mountain."

U.S. social conservatives

Several Christian fundamentalist groups, such as Concerned Women for America and Focus on the Family, lambasted the film before it was released. Following wins by Brokeback Mountain, Capote, and Transamerica at the 2006 Golden Globes, Dr. Janice Shaw Crouse, a Concerned Women for America Senior Fellow, said[22]:

"Once again, the media elites are proving that their pet projects are more important than profit."

"...none of the three movies, Capote, Transamerica or Brokeback Mountain, is a box office hit. Brokeback Mountain has barely topped $25 million in ticket sales. While it has recouped all the production costs, it is doubtful that receipts have covered the massive PR costs."

"If America isn't watching these films, why are they winning the awards?"

Is the controversy significant?

Following the film's release, some critics have suggested that there is no actual controversy, but instead media outlets have sought to create one by purposely interviewing anti-gay public figures. An article in the Miami Herald by Neil Giuliano suggests that, "The real story is that many people, straight and gay, have an interest in seeing this film. Not everyone, of course. But there is no real controversy, despite the headlines that a major debate is raging. It's the kind of culture war engagement that conflict-addicted media love to cover. And they're clearly willing to provide it a little nudge when it has trouble getting started on its own." [23] Some anti-gay groups have explicitly dissuaded their supporters from protesting the movie, for fear of generating additional publicity for the film.

Trivia

File:Brokeback mountain2.jpg

Michelle Williams portraying Alma Del Mar.

File:Brokeback mountain3.jpg

Anne Hathaway as Lureen Twist.

• The film is one of several highly acclaimed LGBT related movies of 2005 to be nominated for critical awards, others being: Breakfast on Pluto, Capote, and Transamerica. It is also the second LGBT work for director Ang Lee, his first being The Wedding Banquet.
• Filmakers Gus Van Sant and Joel Schumacher, who are both gay, considered directing Brokeback Mountain before Ang Lee signed onto the project.
• According to the American magazine Entertainment Weekly, Oscar-nominated actor Joaquin Phoenix was the first major film star to express interest in starring in Brokeback Mountain.
• During filming Michelle Williams and Heath Ledger began dating and conceived their first child.
• During filming it was reported Ledger almost broke Gyllenhaal's nose during a kissing scene, as the scene required that they pull each other close very quickly.
• Madonna has called the movie "shocking [and] surprising" and has commended Jake Gyllenhaal and Heath Ledger on their bravery in taking on the challenging material of the film when many actors turned the film down. [24]
• During the filming of the Fourth of July scenes in Fort Macleod, Alberta, the crew would get the extras pumped up by telling them to act like the Calgary Flames had just won the Stanley Cup.
• Heath Ledger had a nude scene in which he jumped into a lake. The director intended to edit any actual frontal nudity out of the film, but a paparazzi photographer took photos of both Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal's stunt double with a digital camera. The photos have appeared on the internet and in some press publications.
• Some reports have it that Ang Lee barred screenwriter Larry McMurtry from the set of the movie. A spokeswoman for Focus Features commented: "Larry McMurtry can never go on sets because he's got very severe allergies." No one barred Larry McMurtry from the set—he was in the midst of writing a novel when filming began and ended. Diana Ossana, co-writer of the screenplay and a producer, was on set during the entire filming.
• It has been reported that several major actors refused to audition for the film because of its frank depiction of a strong and sexual relationship between two men.[25]
• When Ledger and Gyllenhaal were asked about any fear of being cast in such controversial roles, Ledger responded that he was not afraid of the role, but rather he was concerned that he would not be mature enough as an actor to do the story justice.
• The soundtrack includes new songs by Rufus Wainwright, Emmylou Harris, and Willie Nelson.
• "I wish I could quit you" has become a catch phrase from this movie, although the actual quote by Jake Gyllenhaal's character Jack Twist is "God, I wish I knew how to quit you." [26] [27]
• During a January 23, 2006 question-and-answer session, given after a speech in Manhattan, Kansas, President Bush was asked by a recent Kansas State University graduate, Jeremy Parker [28], for his opinion on Brokeback Mountain from the perspective of a rancher. Bush replied, "I hadn't seen it. I'd be glad to talk about ranching, but I haven't seen the movie. I've heard about it. I hope you go, you know... I hope you go back to the ranch and the farms is what I was about to say. I hadn't seen it." [29] [30]
• Prior to Brokeback Mountain's wide release, several conservative commentators predicted, erroneously, that the movie would be a commerical failure. On his program The O'Reilly Factor, Bill O'Reilly said on December 20, 2005: "But I don't care about the movie. I'm going to make the prediction. The movie will get a lot of Academy Awards, because again Hollywood is very sympathetic to the gay movement ... But I will submit to you this movie does not do big box office outside the big cities. It won't. They're not going to go see the gay cowboys in Montana [sic]. I'm sorry. They're not going to do it." On January 2, 2006, Charles Krauthammer stated on the Fox News Channel that "Brokeback Mountain will have been seen in the theaters by 18 people, but the right 18 and will win the Academy Award." On December 7, 2005, Robert Knight, director of the Culture and Family Institute at Concerned Women for America, opined that "people don't want to see that. They don't want to see two guys going at it. It's that simple ... I think Ang Lee is off his rocker if he thinks he can have the same commercial success with two cowboys instead of a cowboy and a cowgirl, as other movies do." [31]
• According to news reports, the film has been banned in mainland China, where censors still consider same-sex sexual relationships to be a taboo topic. [32] [33]. Brokeback is, however, playing in Taiwan and will open in Hong Kong on February 23, 2006. [34]

Awards

The movie has won many awards, including four Golden Globe awards for Best Motion Picture-Drama, Best Director, Best Song, and Best Screenplay. It has also received four Screen Actors Guild nominations for Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress and Best Ensemble, more than any other movie released in 2005. It is considered a front-runner for the Oscars by many Academy Awards analysts. [35]

Complete list of awards

Boston Society of Film Critics:

• Best Picture
• Best Director (Ang Lee)

Central Ohio Film Critics Association:

• Top 10 Films
• Best Lead Performance (Heath Ledger)
• Best Screenplay

Chicago Film Critics Association:

• Best Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
• Best Score (Gustavo Santaolalla)

Critics' Choice Award:

• Best Picture
• Best Director (Ang Lee)
• Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)

Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association:

• Top 10 Films
• Best Picture
• Best Director (Ang Lee)
• Best Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
• Best Cinematography (Roberto Prieto)

Director's Guild Awards:

• Director of the Year Award - Theatrical Motion Picture

European Film Awards:

• Best Director (Ang Lee)

Florida Film Critics Circle: [36]

• Best Picture
• Best Director (Ang Lee)
• Best Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
• Cinematography (Roberto Prieto)

Golden Globe Awards

• Best Motion Picture - Drama
• Best Director - Motion Picture (Ang Lee)
• Best Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
• Best Song (Gustavo Santaolalla and Bernie Taupin, "A Love That Will Never Grow Old")

Iowa Film Critics:

• Best Picture
• Best Director (Ang Lee)

Las Vegas Film Critics Society:

• Best Picture
• Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
• Best Director (Ang Lee)

Los Angeles Film Critics Association: [37]

• Best Picture
• Best Director (Ang Lee)

National Board of Review:

• Top 10 Films
• Best Director (Ang Lee)
• Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal)

National Public Radio:

• Bob Mondello's Top Films for 2005 [38]

New York Film Critics Circle:

• Best Picture
• Best Director (Ang Lee)
• Best Actor (Heath Ledger)

Online Film Critics Society:[39]

• Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
• Best Score (Gustavo Santaolalla)

Phoenix Film Critics Society:

• Top Ten Films
• Best Performance by an Actor in a Lead Role (Heath Ledger)
• Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role (Jake Gyllenhaal)
• Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role (Michelle Williams)
• Best Screenplay adapted from another medium
• Best Cinematography

Producer's Guild Awards:

• Producer of the Year Award - Theatrical Motion Picture

Satellite Awards:

• Outstanding Motion Picture, Drama
• Outstanding Director (Ang Lee)
• Outstanding Film Editing (Geraldine Peroni and Dylan Tichenor)
• Outstanding Original Song (Gustavo Santaolalla and Bernie Taupin, for the song "A Love That Will Never Grow Old")

Southeastern Film Critics Association:

• Top 10 Films
• Best Picture
• Best Director (Ang Lee)
• Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association:

• Best Picture
• Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
• Best Director (Ang Lee)
• Best Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)

Utah Film Critics Society:

• Best Picture
• Best Director (Ang Lee)

The 62nd Venice International Film Festival:

• "Golden Lion" for Best Film

Nominations

American Cinema Editors:**

• Best Edited Feature Film - Drama

BAFTA Awards:**

• Best Picture
• Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
• Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal)
• Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)
• Best Director (Ang Lee)
• Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurty and Diana Ossana)

Broadcast Film Critics Association:

• Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
• Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal)
• Best Writer (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
• Best Song (Emmylou Harris, for the song "A Love That Will Never Grow Old")
• Best Composer (Gustavo Santaolalla)

Central Ohio Film Critics Association:

• Best Picture
• Best Director (Ang Lee)
• Best Ensemble Cast
• Best Formal Design

Chicago Film Critics Association:

• Best Picture
• Best Director (Ang Lee)
• Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
• Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal)
• Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)

Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association

• (1st Runner-up) Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
• (2nd Runner-up) Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal)
• (1st Runner-up) Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)

European Film Awards:

• Screen International Award (Ang Lee)

GLAAD Media Awards:**

• Outstanding Film - Wide Release

Golden Globe Awards:

• Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama (Heath Ledger)
• Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture (Michelle Williams)
• Best Original Score

Gotham Awards:

• Best Picture
• Best Ensemble Cast

Independent Spirit Awards:**

• Best Feature
• Best Director (Ang Lee)
• Best Male Lead (Heath Ledger)
• Best Supporting Female (Michelle Williams)

London Film Critics:**

• Film of the Year
• Director of the Year (Ang Lee)
• Actor of the Year (Heath Ledger)
• Screenwriter (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)

Los Angeles Film Critics Association:

• (1st Runner-up) Best Actor (Heath Ledger)

National Board of Review:

• (1st Runner-up) Best Picture
• Best Actor (Heath Ledger)

National Society of Film Critics:

• (2nd Runner-up) Best Actor (Heath Ledger)

Online Film Critics Society:

• Best Picture
• Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
• Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal)
• Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)
• Best Director (Ang Lee)

Satellite Awards:

• Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama (Heath Ledger)
• Outstanding Actor in a Supporting Role - Drama
• Outstanding Screenplay - Adapted (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
• Outstanding Original Score (Gustavo Santaolalla)

Screen Actors Guild:

• Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role (Heath Ledger)
• Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role (Jake Gyllenhaal)
• Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role (Michelle Williams)
• Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture

Southeastern Film Critics Association:

• (1st Runner-up) Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
• (1st Runner-up) Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association:

• (Runner-up) Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)
• (Runner-up) Best Cinematography or Visual Effects

USC Scripter Award:

• Best Screenplay - Adapted (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)

Utah Film Critics:

• (1st Runner-up) Best Actor (Heath Ledger)

Washington Area Film Critics:

• Best Film
• Best Director (Ang Lee)
• Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
• Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)
• Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurty and Diana Ossana)

Note: **: yet to be awarded.

See also

• Brokeback Mountain (soundtrack)

External links

• Official site
• Brokeback Mountain at IMDb
• Reviews of Brokeback Mountain at Metacritic.com
• An interview with Heath Ledger on the film
• Author Annie Proulx discusses the origins of her 'Brokeback Mountain' (Associated Press, December 15, 2005)
• 'Gay cowboy movie' a cultural sensation (San Jose Mercury News, December 16, 2005)
• 'It's very brave of them' - A gay radio host's critical look at the press surrounding the making and showing of the film (The Advocate, December 13, 2005)
• "Chick-Flick Cowboys" - (Newsweek.com article on Brokeback's success in mainstream America. January 20, 2006)
• "The Ultimate Brokeback Guide" at davecullen.com