Aesculus glabra: Difference between revisions
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The [[leaf|leaves]] are palmately compound with five (rarely seven) leaflets, {{convert|8|–|16|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and broad. The [[flower]]s are produced in [[panicle]]s in spring, yellow to yellow-green, each flower {{convert|2|–|3|cm|in|abbr=on}} long with the stamens longer than the petals (unlike the related [[Yellow Buckeye|yellow buckeye]], where the stamens are shorter than the petals). The [[fruit]] is a round or oblong spiny capsule {{convert|4|–|5|cm|in|abbr=on}} diameter, containing 1 to 3 [[nut (fruit)|nut]]-like [[seed]]s, {{convert|2|–|3|cm|in|abbr=on}} in diameter, brown with a whitish basal scar. |
The [[leaf|leaves]] are palmately compound with five (rarely seven) leaflets, {{convert|8|–|16|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and broad. The [[flower]]s are produced in [[panicle]]s in spring, yellow to yellow-green, each flower {{convert|2|–|3|cm|in|abbr=on}} long with the stamens longer than the petals (unlike the related [[Yellow Buckeye|yellow buckeye]], where the stamens are shorter than the petals). The [[fruit]] is a round or oblong spiny capsule {{convert|4|–|5|cm|in|abbr=on}} diameter, containing 1 to 3 [[nut (fruit)|nut]]-like [[seed]]s, {{convert|2|–|3|cm|in|abbr=on}} in diameter, brown with a whitish basal scar. |
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The foliage and fruits contain [[tannic acid]] and are poisonous to [[cattle]] and humans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digir.agr.gc.ca/pls/pp/ppack.info?p_sci=sci&p_type=all&p_psn=205|title=Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System: Notes on poisoning: Aesculus glabra|publisher=Digir.agr.gc.ca|date=2009-09-01|accessdate=2012-02-12}}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/82960/buckeye at ''ENCYCLOPEAEDIA BRITANICA'']</ref> |
The foliage and fruits contain [[tannic acid]] and are poisonous to [[cattle]] and humans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digir.agr.gc.ca/pls/pp/ppack.info?p_sci=sci&p_type=all&p_psn=205 |title=Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System: Notes on poisoning: Aesculus glabra |publisher=Digir.agr.gc.ca |date=2009-09-01 |accessdate=2012-02-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220064408/http://digir.agr.gc.ca/pls/pp/ppack.info?p_sci=sci&p_type=all&p_psn=205 |archivedate=2012-02-20 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/82960/buckeye at ''ENCYCLOPEAEDIA BRITANICA'']</ref> |
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==Symbolism and uses== |
==Symbolism and uses== |
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Revision as of 13:54, 27 June 2017
| Ohio buckeye | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Sapindaceae |
| Genus: | Aesculus |
| Species: | A. glabra
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| Binomial name | |
| Aesculus glabra | |
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| Natural range | |
The tree species Aesculus glabra is commonly known as Ohio buckeye, American buckeye, or fetid buckeye. Glabra is one of 13–19 species of Aesculus also called horse chestnuts.
It is native primarily to the Midwestern and lower Great Plains regions of the United States, extending southeast into the Nashville Basin.[1] It is also found locally in the extreme southwest of Ontario, on Walpole Island in Lake St. Clair, and in isolated but large populations in the South (Adams County, Mississippi).[1] It is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 15 to 25 metres (49 to 82 ft) tall.
The leaves are palmately compound with five (rarely seven) leaflets, 8–16 cm (3.1–6.3 in) long and broad. The flowers are produced in panicles in spring, yellow to yellow-green, each flower 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) long with the stamens longer than the petals (unlike the related yellow buckeye, where the stamens are shorter than the petals). The fruit is a round or oblong spiny capsule 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) diameter, containing 1 to 3 nut-like seeds, 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) in diameter, brown with a whitish basal scar.
The foliage and fruits contain tannic acid and are poisonous to cattle and humans.[2][3]
Symbolism and uses
The Ohio buckeye is the state tree of Ohio, and its name is an original term of endearment for the pioneers on the Ohio frontier, with specific association with William Henry Harrison. Capt. Daniel Davis[4] of the Ohio Company of Associates, under Gen. Rufus Putnam, traversed the wilderness in the spring of 1788, and began the settlement of Ohio. Davis was said to be the second man ashore at Point Harmar, on April 7, 1788. He declared later that he cut the first tree felled by a settler west of the Ohio River, a "buckeye" tree. Additionally, Colonel Ebenezer Sproat, another founder of that same pioneer city of Marietta, had a tall and commanding presence; he greatly impressed the local Indians, who in admiration dubbed him "Hetuck", meaning eye of the buck deer, or Big Buckeye.[5][6]
Subsequently, "buckeye" came to be used as the nickname and colloquial name for people from the state of Ohio[7] and The Ohio State University's sports teams. Ohio State adopted "Buckeyes" officially as its nickname in 1950,[8] and it came to be applied to any student or graduate of the university.
Native Americans would blanch buckeye nuts, extracting the tannic acid for use in making leather. The nuts can also be dried, turning dark as they harden with exposure to the air, and strung into necklaces similar to those made from the kukui nut in Hawaii.
Buckeye candy, made to resemble the tree's nut, is made by dipping a ball of peanut butter fudge in milk chocolate, leaving a circle of the peanut butter exposed. These are a popular treat in Ohio, especially during the Christmas and college football seasons.
References
Notes
- ^ a b "Aesculus glabra Range Map" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2008-03-10.
- ^ "Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System: Notes on poisoning: Aesculus glabra". Digir.agr.gc.ca. 2009-09-01. Archived from the original on 2012-02-20. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ at ENCYCLOPEAEDIA BRITANICA
- ^ Davis, George L. (1884) Samual Davis of Oxford MA and Joseph Davis of Dudley MA and their Descendants Press of Charles Hamilton, Worcestor, MA
- ^ Hildreth, S. P. (1852) Early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio, H. W. Derby and Co., Cincinnati, Ohio , p. 237.
- ^ Ohio Division of Forestry, Ohio…The Buckeye State, Ohio Department of Natural Resources brochure (rev 11/1998).
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-28. Retrieved 2008-04-28.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Walsh, Christopher (2009). Ohio State Football Football Huddleup, Triumph Books (Random House, Inc.), ISBN 978-1-60078-186-5, p. 120.
Further reading
- Darbyshire, S. J., & Oldham, M. J. (1985). "Ohio buckeye, Aesculus glabra, on Walpole Island, Lambton County, Ontario". Canad. Field-Nat. 99: 370–372.
- Farrar, J. R. (1995). "Ohio Buckeye". Trees in Canada. Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd. (Markham, Ontario) and the Canadian Forest Service (Ottawa). p. 157.
External links
- Aesculus
- Plants used in Native American cuisine
- Symbols of Ohio
- Trees of Ontario
- Trees of the Great Lakes region (North America)
- Trees of the North-Central United States
- Trees of the Northeastern United States
- Trees of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
- Trees of the South-Central United States
- Trees of the Southeastern United States
- Trees of the Southern United States
- Trees of the United States