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For other people named David Hogg, see David Hogg (disambiguation).

David Hogg
Hogg at the Rally to Support Firearm Safety Legislation
Hogg at a rally on February 17, 2018
Born
David Miles Hogg

(2000-04-12) April 12, 2000 (age 24)[1]
Education
Alma materHarvard University
Years active2018–present
OrganizationNever Again MSD
Known forGun control advocacy
RelativesLauren Hogg (sister)

David Miles Hogg (born April 12, 2000)[1] is an American gun control activist and student who survived the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in 2018.[2][3][4][5] He is a founding member of Never Again MSD, an advocacy group led by Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School (MSD) students.[6] He has helped lead several high-profile protests, marches, and boycotts. He has also been a target and scapegoat of several conspiracy theories and right-wing accusations.[7][8]

With his sister Lauren Hogg, he wrote #NeverAgain: A New Generation Draws the Line, a book that made The New York Times bestseller list.[9] They pledged to donate to charity all income from the book.[10] As of September 2019, Hogg is a student at Harvard University.[11][12]

Hogg was included in Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2018.[13]

Early life and education

Before attending Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, Hogg lived in Los Angeles, California.[14] He is the son of Kevin Hogg, a former agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.[15][16] His mother is Rebecca Boldrick, born in San Diego County, California[17] and a teacher for Broward County Public Schools in Broward County, Florida.[18]

Hogg chose to attend Stoneman Douglas because it offered television production classes.[19] He is a Teenlink reporter for the Sun Sentinel.[20] He graduated on June 3, 2018.[21][22]

Hogg had been accepted to several universities including the University of California, Irvine, but decided to take a year off before starting college to work on the 2018 mid-term elections.[23][24] In December 2018, he announced that he had been accepted by Harvard University and started in the fall of 2019.[11][25][12] Hogg reportedly had a 1270 SAT score and 4.2 weighted GPA,[26] which resulted in criticism from conservatives as the average score for entrants is 1520.[27]

Stoneman Douglas High School shooting

Main article: Stoneman Douglas High School shooting

On February 14, 2018, Hogg was a senior at Stoneman Douglas and on campus when a 19-year-old former student of the school entered Building 12 and started shooting with a semi-automatic rifle after pulling the fire alarm. Hogg, who was in his AP environmental science class, told the teacher that the repeated "pop" sounds the class heard sounded like gunshots.[3][28] Hogg and other students made an attempt to exit the building, but a janitor instructed the students to go back into the classroom. Hogg credits the janitor for saving them, as the group of students were inadvertently heading towards the shooter.[3] A culinary arts teacher pulled Hogg and others inside her classroom and they hid in a closet.[3]

Hogg checked social media and discovered that the shooting was occurring at his high school in real time.[4] He used his cell phone to record the scene, to interview the other students hiding in the closet, and to leave a record in the event that they did not survive the shooting.[29][30] Hogg's sister, Lauren Hogg, who was a freshman student at the time, corresponded with her brother via text message while the shooting was taking place.[31] After about an hour, SWAT team police officers came into the classroom and escorted them out. Hogg reunited with his sister and father later that day.[31]

Gun control advocacy

Protests

Main article: Never Again MSD
See also: 2018 United States gun violence protests
Hogg (center) speaking at a rally in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, February 17, 2018.

After the school shooting, Hogg emerged as a leader in the 2018 United States gun violence protests.[32] Along with Alfonso Calderon, Sarah Chadwick, Emma González, Cameron Kasky and other students, he turned to the media to talk about their role as survivors in the shooting and voice his opinion on gun control and gun violence.[33] He called on elected officials to pass gun control measures[34] and has been a vocal critic of officials who take donations from the NRA, and he has been urging them to compromise on legislation to save lives.[35]

Hogg joined the social media movement and student-led gun control advocacy group Never Again MSD shortly after its formation.[36] Hogg flew to Los Angeles on February 21, 2018, to be on The Dr. Phil Show, along with his sister, to discuss the shooting. There, they met with survivors of the Columbine High School massacre.[37][38][39] Hogg, along with González, blamed the National Rifle Association and the politicians to which they donate as being complicit in school shootings.[40] He declined to go to the White House on February 21 to meet with President Donald Trump, saying that he had to be in Tallahassee, and that Trump could come to Parkland if he wanted to talk.[41]

Reactions by politicians

When Republican candidate Leslie Gibson, who was running unopposed for the Maine House of Representatives, described González as a "skinhead lesbian", and also insulted Hogg as a "bald-faced liar",[42] Hogg called for somebody to challenge the Republican; Eryn Gilchrist, who was "horrified and embarrassed" by Gibson's comment, decided to run as a Democrat to challenge Gibson for the position,[43] as did Republican former State Senator Thomas Martin, Jr., who said Gibson's remarks did not represent the Maine Republican Party and that he planned to contact the survivors to commend their courage. Gibson dropped out of the race in response to public reaction critical of his comments.[44]

David Hogg speaking at March for Our Lives

Recognition

Hogg was featured on the cover of an April 2018 edition of Time, along with fellow activists Alex Wind, Jaclyn Corin, González, and Kasky.[45]

2nd Amendment views

Hogg states that he is a supporter of the Second Amendment and supports NRA members' right to own guns legally, saying, "We're calling out the NRA a lot and 99.9 percent of the people that are in the NRA are responsible, safe gun owners and I respect them for that, joining an organization that wants to support safe gun ownership is excellent."[46]

In an interview with Fox News, Hogg said he was for reasonable gun control such as regulations that prohibit those suffering from mental illnesses from acquiring guns.[47] Asked what new legislation he wants to see, Hogg replied: "Raising the federal age of gun ownership and possession to the age of 21; banning all bump stocks; making sure that we have universal background checks; making sure that people that have committed acts of domestic violence are no longer able to get a gun, which in Florida, it's harder, it's just not impossible, fully, yet; and making sure that people with a criminal history and a history of mental illness are not able to obtain these weapons of mass destruction."[48]

Activism

Hogg criticized the media coverage of the Parkland shooting as well as its aftermath in that black students were not given a voice by the media; he said that his school was 25% black but "the way we're covered doesn't reflect that".[49]

In April 2018, Hogg initiated an effort to urge Speaker of the House Paul Ryan to bring a bill to the House of Representatives that required mandatory background checks for gun buyers; on Twitter, Hogg urged people to contact speaker Ryan and demand a vote on universal background checks.[50]

Hogg worked to develop an anti-NRA advocacy group to encourage young people to register and vote in the 2018 midterm elections and elect candidates who promise better gun control legislation.[51]

In May 2018, Hogg and other Never Again MSD students led a "die-in" protest at a Publix supermarket, with a mass of students lying down on the store's floor, as a rebuke of the supermarket's financial support of pro-NRA gubernatorial candidate Adam Putnam; the supermarket had contributed more than $670,000 to Putnam's campaign over three years.[52] In addition, Hogg called on people to boycott Publix until the chain's support of Putnam stopped.[52] As a result of the protest, Publix made a statement suspending support for Putnam.[52]

In August 2018, Hogg announced he was planning on running to become a member of the United States House of Representatives when he turns 25 years old (due to age of candidacy laws).[53]

Boycotts

See also: The Ingraham Angle § Boycott, and Fox News controversies

Hogg called for students to boycott spring break in Florida and instead travel to Puerto Rico if gun control legislation was not passed by the Florida state government.[54][55] Having finished high school in May 2018, Hogg has taken a gap year to campaign for politicians in favor of gun reform in the midterm elections.[56]

Hogg initiated a boycott of companies who advertise during The Ingraham Angle. Hogg called for the boycott after television host Laura Ingraham attacked him in a tweet about his lack of college acceptances, which Hogg characterized as cyberbullying. In response to the boycott, 24 advertisers left the show.[57][58][59] Following the loss of advertisers, Ingraham apologized.[60] Hogg dismissed the apology as insincere.[61][62] The boycott drew mixed reactions. Ingraham was supported by Ted Nugent, Bill Maher[63][64] and by Russian bots on Twitter.[65][66] Fox News continued to support Ingraham.[67] Public polling showed that public perception of Fox News declined more than that of any advertiser.[68] Simultaneously, Ingraham's viewership increased in the weeks following the boycott. Before, her viewership averaged 2.5 million. It jumped to 3 million when she returned after the boycott.[69]

Conspiracy theories and harassment

See also: Stoneman Douglas High School shooting § Conspiracy theories, disinformation, and harassment

Shortly after the shooting, false claims appeared on social media that it had never really happened, and others accused Hogg and other students of being "crisis actors".[70] After a series of televised interviews following the shooting, far-right figures and conspiracy theorists attacked Hogg in online media.[71][72][73][74] Hogg's family received death threats from various conspiracy theorists, according to David's mother.[75] Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram reported removing posts that attack the students or accuse them of being actors.[76][77] The conspiracy theories about Hogg and other Parkland activists were named PolitiFact's 2018 Lie of the Year.[78]

In April 2018, Hogg was threatened by a Sinclair Broadcast Group TV host Jamie Allman from station KDNL-TV in St. Louis, who wrote a tweet threatening to insert a hot poker in his anus. Following a boycott of advertisers initiated by Hogg on The Allman Report, Allman resigned and his show was canceled.[79][80]

On the morning of June 5, 2018, Broward County Sheriff's Office received a false report from an anonymous caller claiming that there was a hostage situation in Hogg's family home.[81][82] The harassment tactic known as swatting was described by Hogg, several media organizations, and the sheriff's department as a prank.[83]

During a June 2019 interview with the Washington Post Magazine, Hogg said there have been seven attempts on his life.[84]

Bibliography

  • with Hogg, Lauren (2018). #NeverAgain: A New Generation Draws the Line. Random House. ISBN 978-1-9848-0187-6.
  • The March for Our Lives Founders (2018). Glimmer of Hope: How Tragedy Sparked a Movement (contributor). Razorbill. ISBN 9781984836403.[85]

References

  1. ^ a b Hayden, Michael (April 12, 2018). "Pro-trump Troll Shoots Up David Hogg Effigy With Assault Rifle, Gets Banned From Twitter". Newsweek. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  2. ^ "Student reporter interviews classmates hiding from gunman in Florida high school" (video). The Miami Herald. February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d Prusher, Ilene (February 15, 2018). "A Student Started Filming During the Florida School Shooting. He Hasn't Stopped". Time. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  4. ^ a b Kirby, Jen (February 20, 2018). "Florida shooting survivor explains how his generation can force a change on guns". Vox. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  5. ^ Washington Post, Alex Horton, April 29, 2018, The NRA said guns will be banned during a Pence speech. Parkland students see hypocrisy.. Retrieved April 30, 2018
  6. ^ Lowery, Wesley (February 18, 2018). "He survived the Florida school shooting. He vows not to return to classes until gun laws change". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  7. ^ Stanglin, Doug; Hayes, Christal (February 21, 2018). "Conspiracy theorists find Florida student activists too good to be true". USA Today. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  8. ^ Chavez, Nicole (February 21, 2018). "School shooting survivor knocks down 'crisis actor' claim". CNN. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  9. ^ Weinberg, Emily (July 4, 2018). "A new generation's revolution: A teen reviews '#NeverAgain' book by Parkland survivors David and Lauren Hogg". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  10. ^ Diaz, Johnny (June 20, 2018). "'We aren't doing this for money,' David Hogg says of new book on Jimmy Fallon's 'Tonight Show'". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  11. ^ a b CBS News, December 22, 2018, David Hogg says he'll attend Harvard University in the fall. Retrieved December 22, 2018
  12. ^ a b Kilpatrick, Amina (September 17, 2019). "Parkland Activists David Hogg and Samantha Fuentes Are Coming to Cornell on Sept. 28". The Cornell Daily Sun. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  13. ^ "The Parkland Students: The World's 100 Most Influential People". Time. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  14. ^ Garcia, Arturo (February 21, 2018). "Far Right Blogs, Conspiracy Theorists Attack Parkland Mass Shooting Survivor". Snopes. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  15. ^ "Florida shooting: Student David Hogg denies 'actor' claim". BBC. February 21, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  16. ^ Cohen, Howard (March 3, 2018). "'I honestly thought kids were a lot stupider,' Bill Maher tells poised Parkland duo". The Miami Herald. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
  17. ^ "Rebecca Boldrick". californiabirthindex.org. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  18. ^ Scanlan, Quinn (February 18, 2018). "'I'm 14, I haven't even driven yet': Florida shooting survivor who lost 4 friends in the massacre". ABC News. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  19. ^ Dwilson, Stephanie Dube (February 24, 2018). "David Hogg: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". Heavy.com. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  20. ^ Thompson, Desire (February 21, 2018). "Trump Supporters Call Parkland Shooting Survivors Crisis Actors". Vibe. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
  21. ^ Wash, Stephanie; Taguchi, Emily; Lefferman, Jake (June 4, 2018). "Parkland shooting survivor David Hogg heads to Capitol Hill after bittersweet graduation". ABC News. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  22. ^ Fearnow, Benjamin (March 28, 2018). "Right-wing radio host Laura Ingraham mocked David Hogg for not getting accepted into his top colleges". Newsweek. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
  23. ^ Griggs, Brandon (April 9, 2018). "David Hogg will take a gap year before college to work on the midterm elections". CNN. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  24. ^ Branson-Potts, Hailey (April 9, 2018). "David Hogg, mocked by Laura Ingraham for college rejections, says he's been accepted to UC Irvine". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  25. ^ Zhao, Christina (December 22, 2018). "Parkland Shooting Survivor David Hogg to Attend Harvard, Laura Ingraham Mocked Him Over College Rejections". Newsweek.
  26. ^ Wootson Jr., Cleve R. (December 23, 2018). "David Hogg said he got into Harvard months after Laura Ingraham taunted him over college rejections". The Washington Post.
  27. ^ Shamsian, Jacob. "Parkland shooting survivor David Hogg is going to Harvard after getting a reported 1270 on the SAT — it shows test scores aren't everything". INSIDER. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  28. ^ Blad, Evie (February 15, 2018). "'I Didn't Want Them to Panic': Amid Chaos, Teacher Sheltered Students in Fla. School". Education Week. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  29. ^ Andone, Dakin (February 18, 2018). "Student journalist interviewed classmates as shooter walked Parkland school halls". CNN. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  30. ^ Strachan, Maxwell (February 15, 2018). "After Florida Shooting, The Teens Become The Strongest Voice For Gun Control". HuffPost. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  31. ^ a b Amos, Owen (February 15, 2018). "Florida school shooting: A survivor's story". BBC News. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  32. ^ Miller, Lisa (August 19, 2018). "David Hogg, After Parkland Furious and unflinching, an NRA enemy, an accused "crisis actor," and a high-school grad trying to figure out what's next". New York. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
  33. ^ Barrett, Delvin; Dawsey, Josh (February 18, 2018). "Florida students plead with Congress: It's about the guns". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  34. ^ "Fla. school shooting survivor David Hogg says: Speak out". CBS News. February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  35. ^ Song, Jean (February 16, 2018). "Florida school shooting survivor to lawmakers: "Make some compromises"". CBS News. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  36. ^ Cooper, Kelly-Leigh (February 18, 2018). "In Florida aftermath, US students say 'Never Again'". BBC News. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  37. ^ Vassolo, Martin; Smiley, David (February 19, 2018). "Turning anguish into activism, Parkland students push America's gun-control movement". The Miami Herald. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  38. ^ Boedeker, Hal (February 20, 2018). "Florida school shooting: 'Dr. Phil' offers two shows". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  39. ^ Nearly 19 Years After Columbine; Survivors Speak To Parkland Students. The Dr. Phil Show. Retrieved February 22, 2018 – via YouTube.
  40. ^ "Parkland student: Politicians accepting NRA money are against shooting victims". Axios. February 19, 2018. Retrieved February 22, 2018. ...Stoneman Douglas shooting survivors Emma Gonzalez and David Hogg returned to the air ... advocate for gun control legislation and blame the NRA as well as politicians who accept money from the organization....Gonzalez: 'You're either funding the killers, or you're standing with the children'....
  41. ^ Johnson, Jenna; Wagner, John (February 21, 2018). "'Fix it': Students and parents tell Trump he needs to address gun violence at schools". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
  42. ^ "GOP Candidate Drops Out After Calling Parkland Survivor A "Skinhead Lesbian". HuffPost. March 14, 2018.
  43. ^ Sun Journal, Steve Collins, March 15, 2018, Democrat who's horrified by Gibson decided to take him on for House seat. Retrieved March 15, 2018, "...David Hogg ... called for "friends in Maine" to take him on...." Democrat Eryn Gilchrist of Greene is doing just that....
  44. ^ Wootson, Cleve (March 17, 2018). "Republican who called Parkland teen a 'skinhead lesbian' drops out of Maine House race". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
  45. ^ Associated Press, March 22, 2018, Houston Public Media, Parkland Students On Cover Of Time Magazine. Retrieved March 22, 2018, Note: cover third week March 2018; "...The cover features Marjory Stoneman Douglas students Jaclyn Corin, Alex Wind, Emma Gonzalez, Cameron Kasky and David Hogg,...."
  46. ^ Brown, Lauretta (February 21, 2018). "Florida Shooting Survivor and Student Activist David Hogg Says He Respects Most NRA Members". Townhall. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  47. ^ Wilson, Kirby (February 21, 2018). "Parkland survivor David Hogg on conspiracy theories: 'It's sad'". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  48. ^ Jones, Susan (February 28, 2018). "Student Gun-Control Activist David Hogg Slams Republicans As 'Cowards'". CNS News. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  49. ^ T. Marcin of Newsweek, March 23, 2018, via Yahoo News, Parkland Student David Hogg Says Black Classmates Weren't Given a Voice by Media. Retrieved March 24, 2018
  50. ^ Karlis, Nicole (April 11, 2018). "Shooting survivor David Hogg: Paul Ryan, make background checks your legacy". Salon. Retrieved June 7, 2018. ...rallying people on Twitter to contact Speaker of the House Paul Ryan and demand the House vote on universal background checks...
  51. ^ The Guardian, Lois Beckett, May 24, 2018, Parkland survivor David Hogg aims to 'create the NRA – except for the opposite issues': Rather than head to college, Hogg plans to hit the campaign trail in key districts to increase the youth voter turnout rate. Retrieved May 24, 2018, "...But the real impact of Hogg and his fellow Parkland students' activism will depend almost entirely on what happens in November's midterm elections..."
  52. ^ a b c CNN, May 26, 2018, By Nadeem Muaddi and Jamiel Lynch, Publix suspends political contributions following criticism for supporting pro-NRA candidate Retrieved May 27, 2018, "..."Anyone who supports an NRA sellout is an NRA sellout," Hogg tweeted. "That is why I am calling on everyone to stop shopping at Publix until they pull their endorsement of Putnam publicly."..."
  53. ^ Miller, Lisa (August 19, 2018). "Parkland Activist David Hogg Is Taking His Gap Year at the Barricades". Intelligencer.
  54. ^ Milman, Oliver (February 24, 2018). "NRA calls companies' Florida shooting boycott 'political and civic cowardice'". The Guardian. Retrieved February 22, 2018. ... Let's make a deal," David Hogg, ... major player in the #NeverAgain movement, tweeted. "DO NOT come to Florida for spring break unless gun legislation is passed...
  55. ^ Jenkins, Aric (February 26, 2018). "Why School Shooting Survivor David Hogg Wants Tourists to Boycott Florida for Spring Break". Time. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
  56. ^ Mannarino, Dan (February 28, 2018). "Parkland school shooting survivor David Hogg outlines his gun-reform goals". WPIX 11 New York. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  57. ^ Hod, Itay (April 11, 2018). "Mitsubishi Drops Laura Ingraham as Advertiser Boycott Campaign Continues (Exclusive)". The Wrap. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  58. ^ Knowles, David (April 10, 2018). "Advertisers keep up pressure on Laura Ingraham". Yahoo News. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  59. ^ Victor, Daniel (March 29, 2018). "Advertisers Drop Laura Ingraham After She Taunts Parkland Survivor David Hogg". The New York Times. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
  60. ^ Savransky, Rebecca (March 29, 2018). "Ingraham apologizes amid backlash over Parkland student criticism". The Hill.
  61. ^ Kludt, Tom (March 30, 2018). "Laura Ingraham's apology to David Hogg has not stemmed the advertiser exodus". CNNMoney.
  62. ^ Visser, Nick (April 11, 2018). "Laura Ingraham's Sponsors Still Bolting Over Comments About Parkland Survivor". HuffPost. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  63. ^ John Bowden, April 7, 2018, The Hill, Bill Maher defends Ingraham: Parkland student calling for a boycott is wrong. Retrieved April 8, 2018, "..."He complains about bullying? That's bullying!" the host continued. "I have been the victim of a boycott ... I've lost a job as a result. It is wrong. You shouldn't do this by team, you should do it by principle."..."
  64. ^ Alexander, Bryan (April 3, 2018). "Ted Nugent continues to bash Parkland survivor David Hogg, praises Fox's Laura Ingraham". Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  65. ^ Sit, Ryan (April 2, 2018). "Russian Bots Defend Fox News Pundit Laura Ingraham as Advertisers Leave Following David Hogg Tweet". Newsweek. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  66. ^ Erickson, Amanda (April 2, 2018). "Russian bots are tweeting their support of embattled Fox News host Laura Ingraham". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  67. ^ Battaglio, Stephen (April 2, 2018). "Fox News states support for Laura Ingraham despite advertiser fallout". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  68. ^ Entralgo, Rebekah (April 2, 2018). "Fox News, not advertisers, are hurting the most from the Laura Ingraham boycott". ThinkProgress. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  69. ^ McCall, Jeff (April 17, 2018). "Ingraham's ratings spike a wake-up for advertisers". The Hill. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
  70. ^ Wilson, Christopher (February 21, 2018). "The 'crisis actors' lie spreads in wake of Florida shooting". Yahoo! News. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  71. ^ Smith, Allan (February 20, 2018). "Some of Trump's most fervent supporters have started to criticize a school-shooting survivor who has made a flurry of media appearances". Business Insider. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
  72. ^ Block, Eliana (February 21, 2018). "VERIFY: Here's why David Hogg and other Florida students aren't 'crisis actors'". WUSA (TV). There's also an interview of Hogg on a Los Angeles CBS Station back in August
    As for that video from California? Our team found Hogg's YouTube "vlog" which shows he was on vacation in Cali at the time.
  73. ^ Sanchez, Ray; Cooper, Anderson; Hogg, David; Hogg, Kevin (February 21, 2018). "Trending YouTube video calls shooting survivor David Hogg an actor. That's a lie" (video interview). CNN.
  74. ^ Arkin, Daniel; Popken, Ben (February 21, 2018). "How the internet's conspiracy theorists turned Parkland students into 'crisis actors'". NBC News. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
  75. ^ Musumeci, Natalie (February 22, 2018). "Massacre survivor's mom says he's getting death threats from conspiracy theorists". New York Post. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  76. ^ "'Abhorrent' Hoax Facebook Posts Are Claiming the Florida School Shooting Survivors Are 'Crisis Actors'". Time. February 21, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  77. ^ Nicas, Jack; Sheera, Frenkle (February 23, 2018). "Facebook and Google Struggle to Squelch 'Crisis Actor' Posts". The New York Times. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  78. ^ Holan, Angie Drobnic; Sherman, Amy (December 11, 2018). "PolitiFact's Lie of the Year: Online smear machine tries to take down Parkland students". politifact.com. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  79. ^ McLaughlin, Eliott C. (April 10, 2018). "Sinclair TV host resigns after making vulgar comment about Parkland student David Hogg". CNN. Retrieved April 11, 2018. When we kick their ass they all like to claim we're drunk. I've been hanging out getting ready to ram a hot poker up David Hogg's ass tomorrow. Busy working. Preparing.
  80. ^ Chokshi, Niraj (April 10, 2018). "St. Louis Commentator Loses TV and Radio Shows After Threatening David Hogg". The New York Times. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  81. ^ Lopez, German (June 5, 2018). "David Hogg's family was swatted. That's extremely dangerous". Vox. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  82. ^ Ohlheiser, Abby (June 5, 2018). "Someone 'swatted' Parkland teenager David Hogg's family home". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  83. ^ Fleischer, Matthew (June 5, 2018). "'Swatting' David Hogg wasn't a 'prank,' it was attempted murder". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
  84. ^ Ottesen, KK. "Parkland's David Hogg: 'Children having to go through active shooter drills is not what freedom looks like to me'". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
  85. ^ March for Our Lives (October 16, 2018). Glimmer of hope : how tragedy sparked a movement. [New York]. ISBN 9781984836090. OCLC 1046105704.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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