North Korea–Poland relations
North Korea |
Poland |
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Poland–North Korean relations (Korean: 뽈스까공화국-조선민주주의인민공화국관계) are foreign relations between Poland and North Korea.
Poland is one of the few countries that maintain diplomatic and limited trading (fishing) relations with Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
North Korea maintains an embassy in Warsaw, and Poland in Pyongyang. As of 2020[update], the North Korean ambassador is Il Choe.[1]
According to a 2013 BBC World Service Poll, only 5% of Poles view North Korea's influence positively, with 68% expressing a negative view.[2]
Overview
Poland recognized the DPRK on 16 October 1948 as the sole legitimate government of the whole Korea, when both countries had Soviet-installed communist regimes. From June 1956 until 1993, Poland remained part of the NNSC (Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission) named by the DPRK and Chinese Volunteers to carry out inspections and investigations as part of the armistice agreement. When Poland and Czechoslovakia ceased to be communist, the Korean People's Army took over the camps and expelled the Poles and Czechs. In 1989, Poland lost its status as a "friend" and its privileged position in contacts with the DPRK. Despite the change from communism to capitalism in Poland in 1989 and Poland's establishing relations with South Korea, relations between Poland and DPRK remain at a fair level.[3]
Poland also provides North Korea with small grants in farming equipment and medicine.[citation needed]
Trade relations
From 1967 economic relations between the two countries were maintained at the symbolic level of trade and sailing co-operation (the Polish-Korean company CHOPOL Sp. z.o.o. owned one ship).[4] The value of trade in 2007 was US$15.207 million, including Polish exports at US$0.507 million:[5]
The most important goods exported by Poland were meats and other food products, mechanical and electronic tools as well as clothing products.
After a period of inactivity the company was liquidated in 2018.[6]
Diplomatic relations
Poland maintains its embassy in Pyongyang and DPRK maintains its embassy in Warsaw. As of 2009[update], The Republic of Poland and DPRK have signed 16 bilateral treaties, 12 as the Polish People's Republic and 4 as the Republic of Poland.[7]
Bilateral treaties
As the Polish People's Republic
- Agreement between the Government of the Polish People's Republic and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on creation of Polish Red Cross hospital in Korea
Signature date: 1953-05-08
- Agreement on cultural cooperation between the Government of the Polish People's Republic and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Signature date: 1956-05-11
- Protocol between the Government of the Polish People's Republic and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea concerning the amendment to article 4 of the Agreement on Cultural Cooperation, signed at Pyongyang on 11 May 1956.
Signature date: 1966-09-28
- Agreement between the Government of the Polish People's Republic and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on the establishment of the Consultative Commission for Economic, Scientific and Technical Matters
Signature date: 1972-10-04
- Agreement between Governments of the Polish People's Republic and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on mutual granting rights to use of lots designated for construction of embassy buildings
Signature date: 1966-05-10
- Protocol partial amending the Agreement between Governments of the Polish People's Republic and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on mutual granting rights to use of lots designated for construction of embassy buildings
Signature date: 1977-05-30
- Agreement between the Government of the Polish People's Republic and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on air services
Signature date: 1978-08-28
- Consular Convention between the Polish People's Republic and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Signature date: 1982-08-03
- Consular Convention between the Polish People's Republic and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Signature date: 1982-08-03
- Agreement between the Government of the Polish People's Republic and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on cooperation in production of MI-2 helicopters in Korea
Signature date: 1986-03-27
- Agreement between the Government of the Polish People's Republic and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on deliveries of goods and payments of thereto related produce of MI-8 helicopters
Signature date: 1986-10-30
- Agreement between the People's Republic of Poland and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on legal assistance in civil, family and criminal matters.
Signature date: 1986-09-28
- Agreement between the Government of the Polish People's Republic and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on conversion of the Korean-Polish Maritime Brokering Company into the Korean-Polish Shipping Company - a Joint Stock Limited Liability
Signature date: 1987-02-11
As the Republic of Poland
- Trade and Payment Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Poland and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Signature date: 1992-05-12
- Protocol between the Government of the Republic of Poland and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on regulation of mutual obligations in clearing rubles in payment relations due to the alteration of the convertible currency payments from 1 January 1991
Signature date: 1992-05-12
- Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Poland and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on co-operation of fisheries
Signature date: 1997-10-02
- Protocol between the Government of the Republic of Poland and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on validity of bilateral international agreements in relations between the Republic of Poland and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Signature date: 2007-02-01
Official visits between the countries
Polish visits to North Korea:
- 1986 - Chairman Wojciech Jaruzelski[8]
- 2007 - Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland (political consultations)
- 2004 - Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland (political consultations)
- 2001 - Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland (political consultations)
Korean visits to Poland:
- 1956 - Premier Kim il Sung
- 1984 - President Kim il Sung
- 2008 - Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the DPRK (political consultations)
See also
References
- ^ "President receives credentials from six newly appointed ambassadors to Poland". www.prezydent.pl. 10 September 2020.
- ^ 2013 World Service Poll BBC[dead link]
- ^ Andrzej Bober (2008-12-30). "Polska- KRL-D, przegląd stosunków po 1989 roku". Centrum Studiów Polska - Azja (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2016-05-02.
- ^ Sedia, Giuseppe (17 July 2015). "The strange history of North Korean-Polish relations". Krakow Post. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych: Koreańska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczna (Korea Północna)" [Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)]. Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 21 February 2009.
- ^ "Polska w KRLD: Koreańska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczn" [Poland in the DPRK: Democratic People's Republic of Korea]. Portal Gov.pl (in Polish).
- ^ "Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych - Portal Gov.pl".
- ^ "North Korea Revelations from the Polish Archives: Nukes, Succession and, Security | Wilson Center".
Further reading
- Levi, Nicolas (2015). "Rationalist Theory of International Relations: The Case of Relations between North Korea and Poland after 1989". Athenaeum: Polish Political Science Studies. 48 (4): 207–225. doi:10.15804/athena.2015.48.14. ISSN 1505-2192.