1249

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	12th century 13th century 14th century
Decades:	1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s
Years:	1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252

1249 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1249 MCCXLIX
Ab urbe condita	2002
Armenian calendar	698 ԹՎ ՈՂԸ
Assyrian calendar	5999
Balinese saka calendar	1170–1171
Bengali calendar	656
Berber calendar	2199
English Regnal year	33 Hen. 3 – 34 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar	1793
Burmese calendar	611
Byzantine calendar	6757–6758
Chinese calendar	戊申年 (Earth Monkey) 3946 or 3739     — to — 己酉年 (Earth Rooster) 3947 or 3740
Coptic calendar	965–966
Discordian calendar	2415
Ethiopian calendar	1241–1242
Hebrew calendar	5009–5010
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1305–1306
- Shaka Samvat	1170–1171
- Kali Yuga	4349–4350
Holocene calendar	11249
Igbo calendar	249–250
Iranian calendar	627–628
Islamic calendar	646–647
Japanese calendar	Hōji 3 / Kenchō 1 (建長元年)
Javanese calendar	1158–1159
Julian calendar	1249 MCCXLIX
Korean calendar	3582
Minguo calendar	663 before ROC 民前663年
Nanakshahi calendar	−219
Thai solar calendar	1791–1792
Tibetan calendar	阳土猴年 (male Earth-Monkey) 1375 or 994 or 222     — to — 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-Rooster) 1376 or 995 or 223

Year 1249 (MCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Seventh Crusade

• May 13 – King Louis IX (the Saint) assembles a Crusader fleet of 120 transports and embarks an army (some 15,000 men) at Limassol. Unfortunately, a storm scatters the ships a few days later. On May 30, Louis sets sail to Egypt – only a quarter of his forces sails with him. The others make their way independently to the Egyptian coast. Finally, the royal squadron arrives off Damietta on June 4. Aboard Louis' flagship the Montjoie. the king's advisers urges a delay until the rest of his transports arrive before attempting to disembark, but Louis refuses to delay.
• June 6 – Louis IX captures Damietta in the first major military engagement of the Seventh Crusade.

Asia

• Pho Khun Si Indrathit becomes the first king of the Sukhothai Kingdom, marking the founding of the modern Thai nation.
• The Hikitsuke, a judicial organ of the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates of Japan, is established.
• The Japanese Hōji era ends, and the Kenchō era begins.

Europe

• February 16 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX as an ambassador, to meet with the Khan of the Mongols.
• May 26 – The Battle of Fossalta is fought between the Holy Roman Empire and the Lombard League. The Italians capture the German commander.
• July 13 – Alexander III is crowned as King of the Scots.
• August 15 – The First Battle of Athenry is fought in Galway, Ireland.
• The city of Stralsund (in present-day Germany) is burned to the ground, by forces from the rival city of Lübeck.
• Swedish statesman Birger Jarl subjugates the province of Tavastia in Finland, securing Swedish power in Finland.
• Alphonse, Count of Poitiers orders the expulsion of Jews from Poitou, France.
• The Hungarian capital is moved from Esztergom to Buda.

Mediterranean

• The Moors lose possession of Alicante in Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain).
• King Afonso III of Portugal recaptures Faro and Silves in the Algarve from the Moors, thus ending the Portuguese Reconquista.
• The city of Mystras, Greece is fortified, and a palace is constructed thereby William II Villehardouin.

By topic

Education

• Spring – University College, the first College at Oxford, is founded with money from the estate of William of Durham.

Microhistory

• Jean Mouflet makes an agreement with the abbot of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif in the Senonais region in France: in return for an annual payment, the monastery will recognize Jean as a "citizen of Sens". He is a leather merchant, with a leather shop that he leases for the rent of 50 shillings a year. The agreement is witnessed by Jean's wife, Douce, daughter of a wealthy and prominent citizen of Sens, Felis Charpentier.

Science

• Roger Bacon publishes a major scientific work, including writings of convex lens spectacles for treating long-sightedness, and the first publication of the formula for gunpowder in the western world.

Births

• July 9 – Kameyama, emperor of Japan (d. 1305)
• September 4 – Amadeus V, count of Savoy (d. 1323)
• Constance II of Sicily, queen consort of Aragon (d. 1302)
• Frederick I, margrave of Baden and Verona (d. 1268)
• Humphrey VI de Bohun, English nobleman (d. 1298)
• John XXII, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1334)
• Menachem Meiri, Catalan rabbi and writer (d. 1315)
• Robert III (the Lion), Flemish nobleman (d. 1322)

Deaths

• January 15 – Archambaud IX, French nobleman
• June 28 – Adolf I, German nobleman and knight
• July 6 – Alexander II, king of Scotland (b. 1198)
• July 19 – Jacopo Tiepolo, doge of Venice (b. 1169)
• September 27 – Raymond VII, French nobleman (b. 1197)
• October 5 – Abu Zakariya Yahya, Hafsid ruler (b. 1203)
• November 22 – As-Salih Ayyub, Ayyubid ruler (b. 1205)
• Song Ci, Chinese physician, judge and scientist (b. 1186)
• Wuzhun Shifan, Chinese monk and calligrapher (b. 1178)