1249
Appearance
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1249 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1249 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1249 MCCXLIX |
Ab urbe condita | 2002 |
Armenian calendar | 698 ԹՎ ՈՂԸ |
Assyrian calendar | 5999 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1170–1171 |
Bengali calendar | 656 |
Berber calendar | 2199 |
English Regnal year | 33 Hen. 3 – 34 Hen. 3 |
Buddhist calendar | 1793 |
Burmese calendar | 611 |
Byzantine calendar | 6757–6758 |
Chinese calendar | 戊申年 (Earth Monkey) 3946 or 3739 — to — 己酉年 (Earth Rooster) 3947 or 3740 |
Coptic calendar | 965–966 |
Discordian calendar | 2415 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1241–1242 |
Hebrew calendar | 5009–5010 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1305–1306 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1170–1171 |
- Kali Yuga | 4349–4350 |
Holocene calendar | 11249 |
Igbo calendar | 249–250 |
Iranian calendar | 627–628 |
Islamic calendar | 646–647 |
Japanese calendar | Hōji 3 / Kenchō 1 (建長元年) |
Javanese calendar | 1158–1159 |
Julian calendar | 1249 MCCXLIX |
Korean calendar | 3582 |
Minguo calendar | 663 before ROC 民前663年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −219 |
Thai solar calendar | 1791–1792 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳土猴年 (male Earth-Monkey) 1375 or 994 or 222 — to — 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-Rooster) 1376 or 995 or 223 |
Year 1249 (MCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Seventh Crusade
- May 13 – King Louis IX (the Saint) assembles a Crusader fleet of 120 transports and embarks an army (some 15,000 men) at Limassol. Unfortunately, a storm scatters the ships a few days later. On May 30, Louis sets sail to Egypt – only a quarter of his forces sails with him. The others make their way independently to the Egyptian coast. Finally, the royal squadron arrives off Damietta on June 4. Aboard Louis' flagship the Montjoie. the king's advisers urges a delay until the rest of his transports arrive before attempting to disembark, but Louis refuses to delay.[1]
- June 6 – Louis IX captures Damietta in the first major military engagement of the Seventh Crusade.
Asia
- Pho Khun Si Indrathit becomes the first king of the Sukhothai Kingdom, marking the founding of the modern Thai nation.
- The Hikitsuke, a judicial organ of the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates of Japan, is established.
- The Japanese Hōji era ends, and the Kenchō era begins.
Europe
- February 16 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX as an ambassador, to meet with the Khan of the Mongols.
- May 26 – The Battle of Fossalta is fought between the Holy Roman Empire and the Lombard League. The Italians capture the German commander.
- July 13 – Alexander III is crowned as King of the Scots.
- August 15 – The First Battle of Athenry is fought in Galway, Ireland.
- The city of Stralsund (in present-day Germany) is burned to the ground, by forces from the rival city of Lübeck.
- Swedish statesman Birger Jarl subjugates the province of Tavastia in Finland, securing Swedish power in Finland.
- Alphonse, Count of Poitiers orders the expulsion of Jews from Poitou, France.
- The Hungarian capital is moved from Esztergom to Buda.
Mediterranean
- The Moors lose possession of Alicante in Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain).
- King Afonso III of Portugal recaptures Faro and Silves in the Algarve from the Moors, thus ending the Portuguese Reconquista.[2]
- The city of Mystras, Greece is fortified, and a palace is constructed thereby William II Villehardouin.
By topic
Education
- Spring – University College, the first College at Oxford, is founded with money from the estate of William of Durham.
Microhistory
- Jean Mouflet makes an agreement with the abbot of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif in the Senonais region in France: in return for an annual payment, the monastery will recognize Jean as a "citizen of Sens". He is a leather merchant, with a leather shop that he leases for the rent of 50 shillings a year. The agreement is witnessed by Jean's wife, Douce, daughter of a wealthy and prominent citizen of Sens, Felis Charpentier.
Science
- Roger Bacon publishes a major scientific work, including writings of convex lens spectacles for treating long-sightedness, and the first publication of the formula for gunpowder in the western world.
Births
- July 9 – Kameyama, emperor of Japan (d. 1305)
- September 4 – Amadeus V, count of Savoy (d. 1323)
- Constance II of Sicily, queen consort of Aragon (d. 1302)
- Frederick I, margrave of Baden and Verona (d. 1268)
- Humphrey VI de Bohun, English nobleman (d. 1298)
- John XXII, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1334)[3]
- Menachem Meiri, Catalan rabbi and writer (d. 1315)
- Robert III, Flemish nobleman and knight (d. 1322)
Deaths
- January 15 – Archambaud IX, French nobleman
- April 16 – Contardo of Este, Italian nobleman (b. 1216)
- June 28 – Adolf I of the Mark, count of Berg-Altena
- July 6 – Alexander II, king of Scotland (b. 1198)
- July 19 – Jacopo Tiepolo, doge of Venice (b. 1169)
- September 27 – Raymond VII, French nobleman (b. 1197)
- October 5 – Abu Zakariya Yahya, Hafsid ruler (b. 1203)
- November 22 – As-Salih Ayyub, Ayyubid ruler (b. 1205)
- December 10 – Choe U, Korean military leader (b. 1166)
- December 18 – Conrad II of Reifenberg, German bishop
- Song Ci, Chinese physician, judge and scientist (b. 1186)
- William of Auvergne, French bishop and writer (b. 1180)
- Wuzhun Shifan, Chinese monk and calligrapher (b. 1178)
References
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, pp. 219–220. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
- ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
- ^ "John XXII". Oxford Reference. Retrieved December 4, 2021.