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Pittosporum angustifolium

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Weeping pittosporum
Drawing by Margaret Flockton
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Pittosporaceae
Genus: Pittosporum
Species:
P. angustifolium
Binomial name
Pittosporum angustifolium
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms

Pittosporum phillyreoides auct. non (DC.) Benth.

Pittosporum angustifolium (formerly Pittosporum phillyreoides) is a shrub or small tree growing throughout inland Australia.[3] A slow growing plant, usually seen between two and six metres high, though exceptional specimens may exceed ten metres. Common names include weeping pittosporum, butterbush, cattle bush, native apricot, apricot tree, gumbi gumbi (or gumby gumby[4]), cumby cumby, meemeei, poison berry bush, and berrigan.[5][6] It is drought and frost resistant. It can survive in areas with rainfall as low as 150 mm per year. A resilient desert species, individuals may live for over a hundred years. A revision of the genus Pittosporum in 2000 re-instated this species.[5][7]

Pittosporum angustifolium was first described in 1832 in the Loddiges' The Botanical Cabinet, published by William Loddiges and George Loddiges.[8] George Bentham combined this species and P. ligustrifolium with P. phillyreoides, however all three were split in the 2000 revision; the true P. phillyreoides is only found in a narrow coastal strip of northwestern Australia. The weeping foliage of P. angustifolium distinguishes it from the other two taxa.[5]

It is a tree to 10 m (33 ft), with pendulous (weeping) branches.[3] The leaves are long and thin, 4 to 12 cm (1.5 to 4.5 in) long and 0.4–1.2 cm (0.16–0.47 in) wide. The small creamish yellow tubular flowers have a pleasant scent. Flowering occurs from late winter to mid spring.[3] Up to 1.4 cm in diameter, the small round orange fruit resembles an apricot and can remain on the tree for several years. The wrinkled dark red seeds are held within a sticky yellow pulp.[5] Full sun and good drainage is recommended for planting. Seeds germinate in around 17 days without any particular difficulty at 25 °C. There are around 20 viable seeds per gram.

Pittosporum angustifolium is a widespread plant found across most of inland Australia in mallee communities, alluvial flats, ridges, as well as dry woodland and on loamy, clay or sandy soils, however it is never common.[5] The hanging low branches and thin leaves gives a graceful and willow-like effect. Cattle often browse on the leaves which provide reasonable nutrition. The timber can be used for wood turning.

Fruit

Health benefits

Extracts of the plant were traditionally used by the Aboriginal people in the treatment of eczema, pruritus, bruises, muscle ache, sprains, cramps and colds as well as to induce lactation.[9] It also produces a chewable gum.[10] The Aboriginal people also used the plant to treat various cancers however its effects not been verified by rigorous scientific investigation.[9] A research paper by J.Vesoul and I.E.Cock of Griffith University, Queensland, published in 2011, concluded that the results of the study “partially validate the traditional Australian Aboriginal usage of P. phylliraeoides to treat bacterial and fungal diseases and indicate that P. phylliraeoides is worthy of further study.” The paper also noted that "further toxicity studies using human cell lines are needed to verify the suitability of these extracts."[9]

References

  1. ^ "Pittosporum angustifolium". Australian Plant Name Index, IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  2. ^ Loddiges, C., Loddiges, G. & Loddiges, W. (1832), The Botanical Cabinet: t. 1859.
  3. ^ a b c "Pittosporum angustifolium". Plant Net - NSW Flora Online. NSW Government. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  4. ^ Cunningham, Melissa (2019-10-30). "Fake cancer cures top list of complaints". Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney. Retrieved 2019-11-01.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Revision of Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae) in Australia". Cayzer Lindy W., Crisp Michael D., Telford Ian R. H. (2000) Revision of Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae) in Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 13, 845–902. CSIRO. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  6. ^ Butterbush, Woolshed Thurgoona Landcare Group, retrieved 5 July 2018
  7. ^ "Pittosporum angustifolium". FloraBank. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
  8. ^ Grazyna Paczkowska. "Pittosporum angustifolium". FloraBase, the West Australian Flora. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
  9. ^ a b c Vesoul, J (October 2011). "An Examination of the Medicinal Potential of Pittosporum phylliraeoides: Toxicity, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities". Pharmacognosy Communications. 2 (1). doi:10.5530/pc.2011.2.3. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  10. ^ Greig, Denise (1998). A Photographic Guide to Trees in Australia. p. 128. ISBN 1864363266.
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