Plectranthus
| Plectranthus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Plectranthus fruticosus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Nepetoideae |
| Tribe: | Ocimeae |
| Genus: | Plectranthus L'Hér.[1] |
| Species | |
|
Many, see text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Ascocarydion G.Taylor | |
Plectranthus, with some 85 species, is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants, rarely annuals or soft-wooded shrubs, sometimes succulent; sometimes with a tuberous base. Common names include spur-flower. Plectranthus species are found in Southern and Tropical Africa and Madagascar, and one in Sri Lanka.[2]
Several species are grown as ornamental plants. The cultivar Mona Lavender = 'Plepalila' [3] has received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
They are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the engrailed (Ectropis crepuscularia).[citation needed]
Recent phylogenetic analysis found Plectranthus to be paraphyletic with respect to Coleus, Solenostemon, Pycnostachys and Anisochilus. The most recent treatment of the genus resurrected the genus Coleus, and 212 names were changed from combinations in Plectranthus, Pycnostachys and Anisochilus. Equilabium was segregated from Plectranthus, after phylogenetic studies supported its recognition as a phylogenetically distinct genus.[2]
Etymology
The word plectranthus derives from the Greek πλῆκτρον (plēktron), "anything to strike with, an instrument for striking the lyre, a spear point"[4] + ἄνθος (anthos), "blossom, flower".[5]
Species
Paton et al. (2019) list 72 species:[2]
- Plectranthus alboviolaceus Gürke – South Africa: E. Cape Prov. to N. KwaZulu-Natal
- Plectranthus ambiguus (Bolus) Codd – South Africa: E. Cape Prov. to N. KwaZulu-Natal
- Plectranthus amplexicaulis Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus antongilicus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus asymmetricus A.J.Paton – Zambia
- Plectranthus atroviolaceus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus betamponus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus bracteolatus A.J.Paton – Tanzania
- Plectranthus brevicaulis (Baker) Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus brevimentus T.J.Edwards – South Africa: Eastern Cape Prov
- Plectranthus canescens Benth. – Madagascar
- Plectranthus capuronii Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus chimanimanensis S.Moore – E. Zimbabwe to W. Mozambique
- Plectranthus ciliatus E.Mey. – South Africa and Swaziland
- Plectranthus clementiae Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus cordatus A.J.Paton & Phillipson – Madagascar
- Plectranthus decaryi Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus delicatissimus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus ecklonii Benth. – South Africa
- Plectranthus elegans Britten – S. Malawi
- Plectranthus elegantulus Briq. – South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal
- Plectranthus ellipticus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus emirnensis (Baker) Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus ernstii Codd – South Africa: E. Cape Prov. to S. KwaZulu-Natal
- Plectranthus forsythii Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus fruticosus L’Hér. – S. Mozambique to South Africa
- Plectranthus gardneri waites – Sri Lanka
- Plectranthus gibbosus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus grallatus Briq. – South Africa, Lesotho
- Plectranthus grandibracteatus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus guruensis A.J.Paton – Mozambique
- Plectranthus hadiensis (Forssk.) Schweinfurth & Sprenger - South Africa: E. Cape Prov. to KwaZulu-Natal
- Plectranthus hexaphyllus Baker – Madagascar
- Plectranthus hilliardiae Codd – South Africa: Transkei to KwaZulu-Natal
- Plectranthus hirsutus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus hoslundioides Scott-Elliot – Madagascar
- Plectranthus humbertii Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus incrassatus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus laurifolius Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus linearis Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus longiflorus Benth. – Madagascar
- Plectranthus longipetiolatus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus lucidus (Benth.) van Jaarsv. & T.J.Edwards – South Africa: S. Cape Prov
- Plectranthus macilentus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus malvinus van Jaarsv. & T.J.Edwards – South Africa: E. Cape Prov
- Plectranthus mandalensis Baker – Malawi (Mt. Mulanje), Mozambique (Mt. Namuli)
- Plectranthus membranaceus (Scott-Elliot) Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus mocquerysii Briq. – Madagascar
- Plectranthus mzimvubuensis van Jaarsv. – South Africa: SE. Cape Prov
- Plectranthus oblanceolatus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus oertendahlii T.C.E.Fr. – South Africa: S. KwaZulu-Natal
- Plectranthus ombrophilus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus oribiensis Codd – South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal
- Plectranthus papilionaceus Ranir. & Phillipson – Madagascar
- Plectranthus pichompae Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus praetermissus Codd – South Africa: SE. Cape Prov
- Plectranthus purpuratus Harv. – South Africa
- Plectranthus reflexus van Jaarsv. & T.J.Edwards – South Africa: SE. Cape Prov
- Plectranthus rosulatus Hedge – NW. Madagascar
- Plectranthus rubropunctatus Codd – South Africa: Limpopo to Swaziland
- Plectranthus rubroviolaceus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus saccatus Benth. – South Africa: SE. Cape Prov. to KwaZulu-Natal
- Plectranthus scaposus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus secundiflorus (Baker) Hedge – Tanzania (Uluguru Mts.)
- Plectranthus strangulatus A.J.Paton – Tanzania (Uluguru Mts.)
- Plectranthus strigosus Benth. ex E.Mey. – South Africa: S. Cape Prov
- Plectranthus stylesii T.J.Edwards – South Africa: Eastern Cape Prov
- Plectranthus swynnertonii S.Moore – S. Trop. Africa to South Africa, Mpumalanga
- Plectranthus trilobus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus verticillatus (L.f.) Druce – S. Mozambique to South Africa
- Plectranthus vestitus Benth. – Madagascar
- Plectranthus vinaceus Hedge – Madagascar
- Plectranthus zuluensis T.Cooke – South Africa: SE. Cape Prov. to Swaziland
Transferred to Coleus
Species transferred to Coleus in 2019 include:[2]
- Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. → Coleus amboinicus
- Plectranthus argentatus S.T.Blake → Coleus argentatus
- Plectranthus barbatus Andrews → Coleus barbatus
- Plectranthus caninus Roth → Coleus caninus
- Plectranthus cataractarum B.J.Pollard → Coleus cataractarum
- Plectranthus cremnus B.J.Conn → Coleus cremnus
- Plectranthus dissitiflorus (Guerke) J.K.Morton → Coleus dissitiflorus
- Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew → Coleus maculosus subsp. edulis
- Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br. → Coleus esculentus
- Plectranthus graveolens R.Br. → Coleus graveolens
- Plectranthus neochilus Schltr. → Coleus neochilus
- Plectranthus ornatus Codd → Coleus comosus
- Plectranthus parviflorus Willd. → Coleus australis
- Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poir.) Spreng. → Coleus rotundifolius
- Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br. → Coleus scutellarioides
- Plectranthus socotranus Radcl.-Sm. → Coleus socotranus
- Plectranthus unguentarius Codd → Coleus unguentarius
- Plectranthus welwitschii (Briq.) Codd → Coleus fredericii
Other species formerly placed in Plectranthus
- Anisochilus carnosus (L. f.) Wall. ex Benth. (as P. strobilifer Roxb.)
- Capitanopsis oreophila (Hedge) Mwany., A.J.Paton & Culham (as P. bipinnatus A.J.Paton)
- Isodon coetsa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Kudô (as P. coetsa Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don)
- Isodon inflexus (Thunb.) Kudô (as P. inflexus (Thunb.) Vahl ex Benth.)
- Isodon lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Hara (as P. striatus Benth.)
- Isodon rugosus (Wall. ex Benth.) Codd (as P. rugosus Wall. ex Benth.)
- Isodon sculponeatus (Vaniot) Kudô (as P. sculponeatus Vaniot)[6]
References
- ^ a b "Genus: Plectranthus L'Hér". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- ^ a b c d Paton, Alan J.; Mwanyambo, Montfort; Govaerts, Rafaël H.A.; Smitha, Kokkaraniyil; Suddee, Somran; Phillipson, Peter B.; Wilson, Trevor C.; Forster, Paul I. & Culham, Alastair (2019). "Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera". PhytoKeys (129): 1–158. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988. PMC 6717120. PMID 31523157.
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ "Plectranthus Mona Lavender = 'Plepalila'". RHS. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ^ πλῆκτρον, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
- ^ ἄνθος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
- ^ "GRIN Species Records of Plectranthus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on December 11, 2012. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
External links
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Wikispecies has information related to Plectranthus.