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Hilde Coppi

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Hilde Rake
Hilde Coppi in a humorous moment
Born
Betti Gertrud Käthe Hilda Rake

(1909-05-30)30 May 1909
Mitte, German Empire
Died5 August 1943(1943-08-05) (aged 34)
Plötzensee Prison, Berlin, Nazi Germany
OccupationClerk
Years active1933 - 1943
MovementRed Orchestra
SpouseHans Coppi
Children1

Betti Gertrud Käthe Hilda Coppi (née Rake; 30 May 1909 – 5 August 1943), known as Hilde Coppi, was a German communist[1] and resistance fighter against the Nazi regime. She was a member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Abwehr, during the Nazi period.[2]

Life

The Schulze-Boysen group in Germany

Hilda Coppi née Rake was born in Berlin, and grew up in Mitte area of Berlin.[3] Her mother ran a small leather shop. After finishing vocational school, she worked as a general practitioner's assistant through much of the 1930s.[4]

Career

Coppi was working in Berlin as a clerk at the Reich Insurance Institute for Clerical Workers when she got to know Hans Coppi, who had only just been released from prison.[3] By 1933, Rake had contact with members of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).[2]

Resistance

Together, Hilde and Hans Coppi — who wed on 14 June 1941 — hid persecution victims of the Nazi régime. During the war, Hilde Coppi listened to "Voice of Russia" (ie Radio Moscow) and shared the information broadcast over the radio with the Red Orchestra and other resistance groups. She also relayed greetings and any other signs of continued life heard on Radio Moscow from German prisoners of war to their kin. This was especially important, as Nazi propaganda had it that Soviet troops shot their enemies out of hand, and did not take prisoners. Moreover, she busied herself by broadcasting her group's messages through leaflets and stickers. She conducted a sticker campaign against the Nazis' anti-Soviet propaganda exhibition called The Soviet Paradise.[2]

Arrest

Coppi and her husband were both arrested on 12 September 1942, along with Hans' parents and brother, and Hilde's mother. Hilde was pregnant by this time, later giving birth to the couple's son at the Barnimstrasse women's prison on 27 November. On 22 December 1942, her husband was put to death, and Hilde, too, was sentenced to death in the new year, on 20 January. A petition for clemency was made in her case in July, but Hitler refused to grant it. The execution was delayed until August, so that she could nurse her child, Hans. On 5 August 1943, Hilde Coppi was beheaded at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin[5] seven months after her husband.[6]

After the end of the war, her son was raised by her husband parent's, Freda and Robert Coppi, in the Garden colony Am Waldessaum.[3] In 1950, the family moved to Karlshorst.[3]

Literature

  • Gilles Perrault: Auf den Spuren der Roten Kapelle. Rowohlt 1994.
  • Rosiejka, Gert: Die Rote Kapelle. „Landesverrat“ als antifaschistischer Widerstand. – Mit einer Einführung von Heinrich Scheel. ergebnisse, Hamburg 1986, ISBN 3-925622-16-0.
  • Peter Weiss setzte Hans und Hilde Coppi in seinem autobiographischen Roman [Die Ästhetik des Widerstands (1975–1981) ein literarisches Denkmal.
  • Elfriede Brüning: … damit Du weiterlebst. Neues Leben, Berlin 1949, über die Geburt von Hans Coppi junior. Nemesis – Sozialistisches Archiv für Belletristik
  • von Gélieu, Claudia: Frauen in Haft – Gefängnis Barnimstraße; eine Justizgeschichte. Elefanten-Press, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-88520-530-0. (Nachdruck: Frauen in Haft. Gefängnis Barnimstraße. Eine Justizgeschichte. Espresso-Verlag, ISBN 3-88520-530-0)

Awards and honours

  • Hilde Coppi in happier times, walking in Treptower Park
    Hilde Coppi in happier times, walking in Treptower Park
  • A memorial plaque for the couple Hans und Hilde Coppi at 23 Seidelstraße, Tegel
    A memorial plaque for the couple Hans und Hilde Coppi at 23 Seidelstraße, Tegel
  • Stumbling block at the allotment gardens "Am Waldessaum" (close to lane 5) at 20 Seidelstraße, Tegel
    Stumbling block at the allotment gardens "Am Waldessaum" (close to lane 5) at 20 Seidelstraße, Tegel
  • A closer look at the stumbling block
    A closer look at the stumbling block
  • The fox by the sculptor Stephan Horota. It is located in front of the Hilde Coppi daycare centre in Rosengasse, Frankfurt. The sculpture, commission by the city council in the 1950's, is the only one the artist in Frankfurt
    The fox by the sculptor Stephan Horota. It is located in front of the Hilde Coppi daycare centre in Rosengasse, Frankfurt. The sculpture, commission by the city council in the 1950's, is the only one the artist in Frankfurt
  • Andrea Schröter, one of the best seamstresses of the youth collective known as "Hilde Coppi"
    Andrea Schröter, one of the best seamstresses of the youth collective known as "Hilde Coppi"
  • The Hans and Hilde High School ("Hans-und-Hilde-Coppi-Gymnasium") which was renamed in their honour in 1958
    The Hans and Hilde High School ("Hans-und-Hilde-Coppi-Gymnasium") which was renamed in their honour in 1958

See also

References

  1. ^ Nelson, Anne (2009). Red Orchestra. The Story of the Berlin Underground and the Circle of Friends Who Resisted Hitler. New York: Random House. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-4000-6000-9.
  2. ^ a b c "Hilde Coppi". Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand. German Resistance Memorial Center. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d Kreutzmüller, Charlotte. "Hilde Coppi (born Rake)". Stolpersteine. Berlin: Koordinierungsstelle Stolpersteine Berlin. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  4. ^ Eckelmann, Susanne (14 September 2014). "Hilde Coppi 1909-1943". Lemo Lebendiges Museum Online (in German). Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  5. ^ Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979). The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945 (pdf). Washington DC: University Publications of America. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-89093-203-2.
  6. ^ Jefferson Adams (1 September 2009). Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence. Scarecrow Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-8108-6320-0. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  7. ^ Scherpe, Klaus R.; Gussen, James (1983). "Reading the Aesthetics of Resistance: Ten Working Theses". New German Critique (30): 97–107. doi:10.2307/487834. ISSN 0094-033X.
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