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List of Burmese flags

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This is a list of flags used in Myanmar (also known as Burma).

State/Union Flag

Flag Date adopted Use Description
21 October 2010[1] State Flag[2] of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, also called the Union Flag [3] A horizontal triband of yellow, green and red; charged with a large white five-pointed star at the centre
variants
Vertical [4]

Flags of administrative divisions

See also: c:Flags of subdivisions of Myanmar

States

Flag Date Use Description
1986[5] Flag of Chin State Hornbill on a branch within a white circle surrounded by 9 white stars atop a blue-red-green horizontal triband
2010 Flag of Kachin State Blue circle with white mountains defaced with Manaw poles on a green field
2010 Flag of Kayah State A Kinnara centred on a red-blue-green horizontal triband
Flag of Kayin State Blue-white-red horizontal triband with a white star inset on top-left of blue band
8 June 2018[6] Flag of Mon State Yellow Hamsa on a red field
Flag of Rakhine State Emblem of Rakhine, a Shrivatsa, on a blue disk in the centre of a white-red horizontal bicolour
12 February 1947[7] Flag of Shan State White circle, representing the moon, on a yellow-green-red horizontal triband

Regions

Flag Date Use Description
2022 Flag of Ayeyarwady Region Seal of Ayeyarwady Region on a blue field
c. 2018 Flag of Bago Region Female hamsa perched on a male hamsa within a white circle bordered in green on a dark blue field. The text ‹See Tfd›ပဲခူးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး ("Bago Region") is above the birds.
2021 Flag of Magway Region Seal of Magway Region on a yellow field with the text ‹See Tfd›မကွေးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး ("Magway Region") above the seal in green.
2022 Flag of Mandalay Region Seal of Mandalay Region on a red field
30 September 2019 [8] Flag of Sagaing Region Seal of Sagaing Region centred on a yellow-blue-red horizontal triband with the text ‹See Tfd›စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး ("Sagaing Region") above the seal within the yellow band.
order 2010 Flag of Tanintharyi Region Naga facing forward with a white star above on a red-blue-green horizontal triband
2022 Flag of Yangon Region Inner portion of the Seal of Yangon Region centred on a yellow-green-red horizontal triband with the text ‹See Tfd›ရန်ကုန်တိုင်းဒေသကြီးအစိုးရအဖွဲ့ ("Yangon Region Government Group") on a white banner below the seal.

Union territory

Flag Date Use Description
Flag of the Naypyidaw Union Territory Seal of the Naypyidaw Union Territory on a teal-blue field

Self-administered zones and divisions

Self-administered zones

Flag Date Use Description
2017[9] Flag of the Danu Self-Administered Zone[10][11][12] Blue over yellow bicolour with a green disc at the centre charged with a white flower
Flag of the Kokang Self-Administered Zone Blue-red-green horizontal triband charged with a white star and 8 white circular rings forming an arc above the star.
Flag of the Naga Self-Administered Zone[13][12] White over red bicolour with a green square in the upper hoist charged with two crossed spears and a tribal headdress
Flag of the Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone Red circle on a light blue-yellow-green horizontal triband.
1955 Flag of the Pa'O Self-Administered Zone[12] White star within a blue canton on a red-green horizontal bicolour

Self-administered divisions

Flag Date Use Description
Flag of the Wa Self-Administered Division Blue-red horizontal bicolour with a red sun on the blue band and three green mountains separated by white valleys on the red band

Military flags

Flag Date adopted Use Description
Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces (Tatmadaw)[14][15] A horizontal triband of red, white and blue; charged with a large yellow five-pointed star at the centre [16]

Commander-in-Chief

Flag Date adopted Use Description
2015 Flag of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services[17][18] A red, dark blue, light blue horizontal tricolour defaced with five golden stars under golden logo of Tatmadaw [16]
2015 Flag of the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services[19] A red, dark blue, light blue horizontal tricolour defaced with four golden stars under golden logo of Tatmadaw
c. 2015 Flag of the Office of the Commander-in-Chief (Army) A red defaced with four golden stars under golden logo of Tatmadaw
c. 2015 Flag of the Office of the Commander-in-Chief (Navy) A dark blue defaced with four golden stars under golden logo of Tatmadaw[20]
c. 2015 Flag of the Office of the Commander-in-Chief (Air Force) A light blue defaced with four golden stars under golden logo of Tatmadaw

Army

Flag Date adopted Use Description
c. 1994 Flag of the Myanmar Army A horizontal triband of blue, red and blue; charged with a large white five-pointed star at the centre
Ceremonial Guidon of the Myanmar Army

Regional Military Commands

Flag Use Description
Flag of the Northern Command
Flag of the North Western Command
Flag of the North Eastern Command
Flag of the Eastern Command
Flag of the Eastern Central Command
Flag of the Triangle Region Command
Flag of the Western Command
Flag of the Naypyitaw Command
Flag of the Central Command
Flag of the Southern Command
Flag of the South Western Command
Flag of the Yangon Command
Flag of the South Eastern Command
Flag of the Coastal Region Command

Common flags

Flag Use Description
Flag of the Infantry and Light Infantry A red field charged with Bandula badge: a white ancient Burmese helmet crossed by a white sword and a white spear
Flag of the Armour Corps
Flag of the Artillery Corps
Flag of the Signal Corps
Flag of the Engineering Corps
Flag of the Ordnance Services
Flag of the Defence Industries
Flag of the Security Printing Works
Flag of the Recovery and Resettlement Units
Flag of the Border Guard Forces[21]

Battalions

Infantry Battalions
Flag of the No. (14) Infantry Battalion

Divisions

Light Infantry Divisions
Flag of the No. (11) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (22) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (33) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (44) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (55) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (66) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (77) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (88) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (99) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (101) Light Infantry Division
Flag Date adopted Use Description
1994 Naval ensign of the Myanmar Navy White field with a red canton charged with a white five-pointed star and a blue anchor in the lower fly [20]
Commissioning pennant of the Myanmar Navy

Air Force

Flag Date adopted Use Description
c. 2010s Air force ensign of the Myanmar Air Force A seagull field defaced with the Union Star in the canton, with the Myanmar Air Force crest to the fly

Law enforcement flag

Flag Date adopted Use Description
Flag of the Myanmar Police Force Three vertical bands of yellow, blue and red with a union star in the middle
Ensign of the Myanmar Coast Guard White field with a blue canton charged with a white five-pointed star and two blue anchor crossed in the lower fly [22]

Ministry flags

Flag Date adopted Use Description
Flag of the Ministry of Education
Flag of the Ministry of Defence[23] A red field charged with logo of Tatmadaw
Flag of the Ministry of Home Affairs[24] A horizontal triband of blue, yellow and green; charged with a black text of Burmese word for "Home Affairs" (‹See Tfd›ပြည်ထဲရေး) on the yellow band.

Religious flags

Flag Date Adopted Name and Use Description
1956 Sasana Flag, the flag of Buddhism in Myanmar Vertical bands of blue, yellow, red, white, light pink and the vertical band of the combination of these five colours' rectangular bands.[25]
A variant using pink in place of light pink
1954 Flag of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar Islamic Religious Affairs Council A red field defaced with a green rectangular canton with Islamic religious text in the upper hoist[26]
Flag of the Young Men's Buddhist Association A horizontal triband of yellow, green and red; charged with a yellow circle at the centre; a green Swastika on that circle and each of the four red alphabets — "Y", "M", "B", "A" — inside each blank between the arms of Swastika [27]

Historical flags

National

Flag Date Use Description
c. 1300s – c. 1500s Flag used in the Hanthawaddy Kingdom A green field with a golden hamsa in the centre
c. 1510s – 1752 National flag of the Second Burmese Empire under the Taungoo Dynasty A golden field charged with a black peacock
c. 1752 – 1885 National flag of the Third Burmese Empire under the Konbaung Dynasty A swallowtail with white field charged with a green peacock biting a flower branch on a red disk (the sun) in the centre of the field [28][29][30][31]
1886 – 1942 ; Union Flag of The United Kingdom used as the State flag of British Burma
1945 – 4 January 1948[32]
6 February 1939 – 30 March 1941;[33] National Flag of British Burma British Blue Ensign with the Union Jack occupying one quarter of the field placed in the canton and defaced with the Badge of Burma: a peacock on a golden disk
1945 - 3 January 1948
30 March 1941 – 1942[33] National Flag of British Burma Union Jack removed and the badge moved to centre
1942–1943 Flag of Japanese occupied Burma
1 August 1943[33][34] – 1945 State flag of the State of Burma
1943–1945 Stylized variant flag of the State of Burma


Vertical:[35]		 4 January 1948[32] – 3 January 1974[36] Former National Flag of the Union of Burma A red field defaced with a blue rectangular canton in the upper hoist, and a big white star with five small white stars inside the rays of it in the canton.[35]
3 January 1974[36]–21 October 2010[1] Former State Flag of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1974-1988), later, the Union of Myanmar (1988–2010) The background is red field with blue rectangular canton in the upper hoist. Inside the blue canton are the 14 equal-sized white stars surrounding the paddy ears and the gear.[37]

Governmental

Flag Date Use Description
1753–1885 Royal Standard used in royal occasions by the Konbaung Dynasty[38] A red peacock sewn on a white silk flag
1886–1939 Standard of the Viceroy and Governor-General of India[39] Union Jack with the Order of the Star of India in the centre, surmounted by the Tudor Crown.
1939–1948 Standard of the Governor of Burma[39] Union Jack with the Badge of Burma in the centre
1952–1974 Former Government Ensign of the Union of Burma[40] A blue field with the national flag in the canton.
1948–1962 Former presidential flag of the Union of Burma [40][39] An orange field background charged with a peacock in the centre

Embassy

Flag Date Use Description
1949 Flag hoisted at the Embassy of the Union of Burma to the Republic of China in Nanjing[41] National flag with Palace city wall on lower fly

Civil

Flag Date Use Description
1886–1939 Civil Ensign of the British Raj used after the Annexation of Burma in 1886 British Red Ensign with the Union Jack occupying one quarter of the field placed in the canton and defaced with the Order of the Star of India.
1952–1974 Former Civil Ensign of the Union of Burma[40]
1974–2010 Former Civil Ensign of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma, later, the Union of Myanmar

Military

Commander-in-Chief

Flag Date Use Description
1948–2010 Former Flag of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services[42] with a triband of light blue, red and dark blue, and a large golden five-pointed star at the centre [43][44]
2010–2014 Former Flag of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services[39]
1948 – c. 1994 Former Flag of the Commander-in-Chief of the Army[40] Guidon with red-blue-red triband and a small white five-pointed star at the centre of the blue stripe
1948 – 1974 Former Flag of the Chief of Air Staff[42] Guidon with stratos background charged with Air Force's roundel

Army

Flag Name
(in Burmese)
 Date Use Description
‹See Tfd›သတ္တရုမြဇမ္ဗူ c. 1784–1885 War flags of the Burmese Royal Armed Forces[45] Golden field charged with a red disk with a golden peacock on it, at the centre
1853-1876 Flag used by Portuguese mercenaries from Burmese Royal Artillery
1942-1945 War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army in Burma
1941 (First) flag of the Burma Independence Army A white field with a red peacock in the centre [46]
1942 (Second) flag of the Burma Independence Army A green field with a peacock in the centre and thunderbolts in the corners [47]
‹See Tfd›သုံးရောင်ခြယ်အလံ 1942 (Third) flag of the Burma Independence Army A horizontal triband of yellow, green and red; charged with a peacock on a white disk at the centre
1942-1945 Flag of the Burma Defence Army, later, the Burma National Army A horizontal triband of yellow, green and red; charged with a stylized red peacock at the centre
‹See Tfd›တော်လှန်ရေးအလံ 1945 Flag of the anti-fascist resistance guerrillas and the Burma National Army, later, Patriotic Burmese Forces A red field with a white five-pointed star in the upper hoist [35]
1948–c. 1994 Former flag of the Burma Army, later, Myanmar Army A horizontal triband of red, blue and red, charged with a small white five-pointed star at the centre of the blue stripe


War flags of the Royal Burmese Armed Forces
‹See Tfd›သတ္တရုဇေယ Golden field charged with a green disk with a latte rabbit on it, at the centre
‹See Tfd›မဟာသတ္တရု Latte field charged with a bīlūḥ holding up both hands with weapons
‹See Tfd›သတ္တရုဇမ္ဗူ A horizontal triband of red, latte and red; with a chinthe in the latte band.
‹See Tfd›ရွှေပြည်လက်ဝဲ A horizontal triband of red, blue and red
‹See Tfd›ရွှေပြည်ဝရဇိန် A horizontal triband of blue, red and blue
‹See Tfd›ရွှေပြည်တမွတ်စံ A horizontal triband of red, mallard and red
‹See Tfd›ရွှေပြည်မှန်ကင်း A horizontal triband of red, william and red
‹See Tfd›ရွှေပြည်နတ် A horizontal triband of red, falu and red
‹See Tfd›ရွှေပြည်စက်ထိ A horizontal triband of yellow, white and yellow
‹See Tfd›ရွှေပြည်တံဆိပ် A horizontal triband of green, yellow and green
Flag Date Use Description
1886–1942 ; Navy Ensign of Royal Navy, in British Burma British White Ensign: a white field defaced with the Saint George's Cross, and the Union Jack placed in the canton.
1945 – 4 January 1948[32]
1886–1939 Navy Ensign of British Indian Navy, used when Burma was a province of British India British Blue Ensign with the Union Jack occupying one quarter of the field placed in the canton and defaced with the Order of the Star of India
1942–1945 Former Navy Ensign of the Imperial Japanese Navy in Burma
1948–1974 Former Naval Ensign of the Union of Burma Navy[40] A white field defaced with Saint George's Cross and the national flag's canton in the canton
1974–1994 Former Naval Ensign of the
Union of Burma Navy, later, the Myanmar Navy[48]		 A horizontal bicolour, sky blue over navy blue, with a white large five-pointed star at the centre [49]

Air Force

Flag Date Use Description
1948–1974 Former Air Force Ensign of the Burmese Air Force
1974 – c. 2010 Former Air Force Ensign of
the Burmese Air Force, later, the Myanmar Air Force[42]		 A dodger blue field defaced with the Union Star in the canton, with the Myanmar Air Force crest to the fly

Administrative Divisions

States

Flag Date Use Description
1974–2010 Former flag of Kachin State A dark blue field charged with mountains
1974–2018 Former flag of Mon State A blue field charged with a yellow hamsa in the centre and the text ‹See Tfd›မွန်ပြည်နယ် (meaning "Mon State") underneath it
1974–2010 Former flag of Kayah State A Kinnara centred on a red-blue-green horizontal triband; a small blue canton defaced on the red band; inside the canton, 14 equal-sized white stars surrounding the paddy ears and the gear

Divisions / Regions

Flag Date Use Description
1974–2010 Former flag of Ayeyarwady Division A stylized orange map of Ayeyarwady Region in a white box on top a field of white and blue waves with the text ‹See Tfd›ဧရာဝတီတိုင်း ("Ayeyarwady Division") above the map
2010–2022 Former flag of Ayeyarwady Division Seal of Ayeyarwady Region with the text ‹See Tfd›ဧရာဝတီတိုင်းဒေသကြီး ("Ayeyarwady Region") above on a white field
1974–2010 Former flag of Bago Division A blue field with a golden hamsa, and the text "‹See Tfd›ပဲခူးတိုင်း" ("Bago Division") under the bird
2010 – c. 2019 Former flag of Bago Region A blue field with a golden hamsa, and the text "‹See Tfd›ပဲခူးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး" ("Bago Region") under the bird
1974–2010 Former flag of Magway Division An orange field with the red text "‹See Tfd›မကွေးတိုင်း" (meaning "Magway Division")
2010–2021 Former flag of Magway Division A yellow field charged with former seal (2010-2021)
1974–2010 Former flag of Mandalay Division
2010-2021 Flag of Mandalay Region Seal of Mandalay Region on a red field
Is also the current Flag
2021-2022 Former flag of Mandalay Region Seal of Mandalay Region on blue background
1974–2010 Former flag of Sagaing Division A green field with a yellow Burmese leograph and the yellow text "‹See Tfd›စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်း" (meaning "Sagaing Division")
2010–2019 Former flag of Sagaing Region A red field with a Burmese leograph and the text "‹See Tfd›စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး" (meaning "Sagaing Region") [50][51][52]
1974–2010 Former flag of Tanintharyi Division A dark blue field with the text "‹See Tfd›တနင်္သာရီတိုင်း" (meaning "Thanintharyi Division")
1974–2010 Former flag of Yangon Division
2010–2022 Former flag of Yangon Region

Former national flag proposals

Flag Date Use Description
Proposed in 2006 Flag proposed for Myanmar at the 2006 Plenary Session of the National Convention A horizontal tricolour of green, yellow and red, with a white five-pointed star in the canton
Proposed in 2019 The National League for Democracy's proposed flag for Myanmar A red field with a blue canton, in which there is a large white five-pointed star surrounded by a circle of 14 small white five-pointed stars
Proposed in 2019 The Shan Nationalities League for Democracy's proposed flag for Myanmar A light blue field with a large white five-pointed star surrounded by a circle of eight small white five-pointed stars, with three horizontal stripes of yellow, green and red in the hoist
Proposed in 2019 The Zomi Congress for Democracy's proposed flag for Myanmar A light blue field with a white map of Myanmar in the centre surrounded by an orange oval ring
Proposed in 2019 The National Unity Party's proposed flag for Myanmar A yellow-brown field with a grey oval in the centre surrounded by a black ring and containing a map of Myanmar displaying the individual states and regions of the country in various colours

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Prime Minister attends hoisting of State Flag of Republic of the Union of Myanmar" (PDF). The Global New Light of Myanmar. News and Periodical Enterprise, Ministry of Information, Union of Myanmar. 22 October 2010.
  2. ^ Article 437 (a), Chapter XIII, Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, (2008)
  3. ^ The Union Flag Law (law) (in Burmese). The State Peace and Development Council. 21 October 2010.
  4. ^ "President Obama Promises Support for the People of Burma". obamawhitehouse.archives.gov. 19 November 2012.
  5. ^ "ချင်းပြည်နယ်အလံဒီဇိုင်းရေးဆွဲသူ ဒေါက်တာတမ်အောင်လိန်းကွယ်လွန်" [Chin State Flag Designer Dr Tam Aung Lin dies]. Zalen Media (in Burmese). 20 November 2020.
  6. ^ Khant, Naung (8 June 2018). "Mon State Hluttaw approves picture of golden hamsa on red background as Mon State flag". Burma News International. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  7. ^ ပပ်ႉလၵ်းၼမ်း မုၵ်ႉၸုမ်းၸၢဝ်းၶိူဝ်းတႆး၊ ၼႃႈ - ၂
  8. ^ ကောင်းခန့်လင်း(မုံရွာ) (8 October 2019). "စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး ကိုယ်စားပြု အလံနှင့် လိုဂိုအသစ်ကို ပြောင်းလဲအသုံးပြုမည်" [The new flag and logo representing Sagaing Region will be changed]. Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd (in Burmese).
  9. ^ "ဓနုအမျိုးသားနေ့နဲ့ ရိုးရာဝတ်စုံသတ်မှတ်" [Dhanu National Day and traditional costumes]. BBC (in Burmese). 29 November 2017.
  10. ^ https://www.facebook.com/%E1%80%93%E1%82%8F%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B3%E1%80%B8-%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%A5%E1%80%B9%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%82%88-1649294585312928/photos/1978268092415574 [user-generated source]
  11. ^ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=503330114241094&set=pcb.503330430907729 [user-generated source]
  12. ^ a b c "Self-Administered Zones (Myanmar)".
  13. ^ "Union Minister U Kyaw Tint Sweattends 2019 Naga New Year ceremony". www.msco.gov.mm. Government of Myanmar. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  14. ^ [1] from myintmyat (28 March 2017). "Parade of 74th Anniversary Armed Forces Day held". Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services.
  15. ^ [2] from MNA (28 March 2019). "Military parade to mark 74th Anniversary of Armed Forces Day held in Nay Pyi Taw". Myanmar Digital News.
  16. ^ a b https://www.myanmar-now.org/en/news/commander-in-chief-says-constitution-can-be-repealed Commander-in-chief says constitution can be repealed
  17. ^ [3] from "State Administration Council Chairman Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Senior General Min Aung Hlaing holds talks with Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces General Vong Pisen through video conferencing". myawady.net.mm. Nay Pyi Taw. 8 December 2021.
  18. ^ Parade of the 76th Anniversary Armed Forces Day held;Chairman of the State Administration Council Commanderin-Chief of Defence Services Senior General Maha Thray Sithu Min Aung Hlaing delivers address / seniorgeneralminaunghlaing.com.mm
  19. ^ Vice-Chairman of the State Administration Council Vice-Senior General Soe Win holds phone talks with Australian Vice-chief of Defence Force yesterday. Photo: MNA from MNA (February 2021). "Vice-Senior General holds discussions with Australian Vice-chief of Defence Force over phone". Global New Light of Myanmar.
  20. ^ a b Burmese Flags (Myanmar) from The World Flag Database. Flags.net (21 October 2010). Retrieved on 27 May 2011.
  21. ^ "နှစ်နိုင်ငံနယ်ခြားစောင့် တပ်ရင်းမှူးအဆင့် ချစ်ကြည်ရေး တွေ့ဆုံဆွေးနွေးပွဲအား မောင်တော မြို့နယ်၌ ပြုလုပ်မှု". Ministry of Home Affairs, Republic of the Union of Myanmar. 13 February 2018.
  22. ^ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FBBC-J-XsAAqbGd.jpg [bare URL image file]
  23. ^ "Ministries". Myanmar National Portal.
  24. ^ "Ministry of Home Affairs". The Republic of the Union of Myanmar Ministry of Home Affairs.
  25. ^ အရှင်စန္ဒောဘာသ(ရွှေဘို) (1995). သာသနာ့အလံတော် (in Burmese). ရွှေပုရပိုက်စာပေ.
  26. ^ "Islamic Religious Affairs Council Myanmar". Facebook.
  27. ^ "YMBA အသင်းသူ/သားများအနေဖြင့် YMBA ဗဟိုအမှုဆောင်များအား ကြိုတင်အသိပေးတင်ပြခြင်းမရှိဘဲ မိမိသဘောဆန္ဒအလျောက် မီဒီယာများကိုဖြေကြားခွင့်မပြု". People Media (in Burmese). 11 January 2021.
  28. ^ Mister Maung Hmaing (1914). ဒေါင်းဋီကာ [Peacock Details].
  29. ^ ဝရဇိန် (ဆရာစံမြေ) (September 2011). မြန်မာ့သမိုင်းဝင်အလံများနှင့် မြန်မာခေါင်းဆောင်မျာ [Myanmar's Historical Flags And Myanmar Leaders].
  30. ^ Page 6, Part 2, Treatise about State Seals and State Flags Used Through Successive Periods In Myanmar.
    Presenter = Yi Yi Nyunt, Director, Nationalities Youth Resources Development Degree College Sagaing, Department of Education and Practising, Ministry of Border Affairs, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
  31. ^ ဗန်းမော်တင်အောင် [in Burmese]. မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်သမိုင်း [Myanmar State History].
  32. ^ a b c Burma Celebrates Independence 1948. British Pathé. 1948. VLVA9I02D6F29HT6UH95ALQGCYMK.
  33. ^ a b c Hubert de Vries (27 March 2012). "Myanmar Burma Part 2". hubert-herald.nl.
  34. ^ Nippon News, Number 166, Nippon News, No. 166, August 11, 1943 (video) (in Japanese). NHK International Inc. 11 August 1943.
  35. ^ a b c ဗိုလ်အေးမောင် (1955). နိုင်ငံတော်အလံနှင့်နေ့ထူးများ THE NATIONAL FLAG AND THE SIGNIFICANT DAYS OF THE UNION OF BURMA (in Burmese). Rangoon: Burma Translation Society.
  36. ^ a b မောင်အုန်းဖေ (May 2004). ဒီဟာအစ ဒီလိုဗျ.
  37. ^ မြန်မာဖတ်စာ ဒုတိယတန်း (Grade-3) [Myanmar Textbook for Second Standard (Grade-3)] (in Burmese). Ministry of Education, Government of the Union of Myanmar. 2006. p. 1.
  38. ^ "နိုင်ငံတော်အလံအား ချစ်ခင်မြတ်နိုးတန်ဖိုးထားပါ". myawady.net.mm.
  39. ^ a b c d Hubert de Vries (11 June 2010). "Myanmar Burma Part 1". hubert-herald.nl.
  40. ^ a b c d e Pedersen, Christian Fogd (1971). Bedells, John (ed.). The International Flag Book in Colour. London. p. 72. ISBN 07137-0536-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  41. ^ "ဒီမိုကရက်တစ် တရားမျှတမှုကို ကိုယ်တိုင် ကျင့်ဆောင်ခဲ့တဲ့ တရားဝန်ကြီးချုပ်". BBC (in Burmese). 13 August 2010.
  42. ^ a b c Vries, Hubert de (5 April 2012). "Myanmar Burma Part 3". hubert-herald.nl.
  43. ^ "Senior General Than Shwe in India to discuss trade and security". PIME AsiaNews. 20 July 2010.
  44. ^ Gleeson, Sean (18 July 2017). "Whatever happened to the tyrant Than Shwe?". Southeast Asia Globe.
  45. ^ နတ်မောက် ဘုန်းကျော် (March 2014). ရှေးခေတ် မြန်မာ့တပ်မတော်မှတ်စုများ [Ancient Burmese Army Notes] (in Burmese).
  46. ^ Jowett, Phillip (25 June 2020). Windrow, Martin (ed.). Japan's Asian Allies 1941–45. Osprey publishing. p. 17.
  47. ^ Jowett, Phillip (25 June 2020). Windrow, Martin (ed.). Japan's Asian Allies 1941–45. Osprey publishing. p. 27.
  48. ^ Jane, Fred T. (2004). Saunders, Stephen (ed.). Jane's Fighting Ships (2004-2005) (107th ed.). p. 488. ISBN 0-7106-2623-1.
  49. ^ "A photo posted on Facebook by a Navy Officer". Facebook.
  50. ^ 2014 Yangon Region Chief Minister Cup, Regions and States Sport Tournament [4] [5]
  51. ^ https://myanmar.mmtimes.com/sites/myanmar.mmtimes.com/files/styles/mmtimes_ratio_c_normal_detail_image/public/news-images/5-myo-win-tun-230-f2.jpg?itok=P-TEXhBb [bare URL image file]
  52. ^ "မ်ိဳး တံဆိပ္ရိုက္ on Facebook". Facebook. Archived from the original on 30 April 2022.[user-generated source]
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