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Park Chan-wook

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In this Korean name, the family name is Park.

Park Chan-wook
박찬욱
Park in 2013
Born (1963-08-23) 23 August 1963 (age 61)
Seoul, South Korea
Other namesBakridamae (박리다매)
Alma materSogang University, Seoul, South Korea
Occupation(s)Film director, screenwriter, producer
Years active1992–present
Notable work
Spouse
Kim Eun-hee
​
(m. 1990)​
Children1[1]
AwardsBest Director at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival
Honours Eun-gwan Order of Cultural Merit (2022)
Korean name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationBak Chan-uk
McCune–ReischauerPak Ch'an-uk

Park Chan-wook (Korean: 박찬욱; RR: Bak Chan-uk; IPA: [pak̚ tɕʰanuk̚]; born 23 August 1963) is a South Korean film director, screenwriter, producer, and former film critic. He is considered one of the most prominent filmmakers of South Korean cinema as well as world cinema in 21st century.[2] His films have gained notoriety for their cinematography and framing, black humor and often brutal subject matter.[3][4]

Park's first major critical and commercial success came with Joint Security Area (2000), which was the most watched South Korean film at the time. This film helped him to secure more creative freedom in his next films, Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance (2002) and Oldboy (2003), which received widespread critical acclaim worldwide, with the latter also winning the Grand Prix prize at Cannes Film Festival. Lady Vengeance (2005), another film in the unofficial The Vengeance Trilogy, also received critical acclaim.

His psychological thriller The Handmaiden (2016) premiered in competition to rave reviews at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival, was nominated for the Palme d'Or and Queer Palm and won the Vulcain Prize for the Technical Arts; the film saw critical and commercial success in several countries, including South Korea, the United States and the United Kingdom.[5] It also won the category of Best Film Not in the English Language. For Decision to Leave (2022), Park won Best Director at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival[6] and the film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or.[7]

He is also known for Thirst (2009) and English-language works Stoker (2013) and The Little Drummer Girl (2018), a television miniseries based on the novel of the same name by John le Carré.

Early life

Park was born and raised in Seoul[8] and studied philosophy at Sogang University, where, in light of his disappointment with the analytic orientation of the department and consequent scant offerings in aesthetics, he started a cinema club, the 'Sogang Film Community', and published a number of articles on contemporary cinema. Originally intending to be an art critic, Park, upon seeing Vertigo, resolved to become a filmmaker.[9] After graduation, he wrote articles on film for journals and soon became an assistant director of films like Kkamdong, directed by Yu Yeong-jin, and Watercolor Painting in a Rainy Day, directed by Kwak Jae-yong (My Sassy Girl).[10]

Career

Park's debut feature film was The Moon Is... the Sun's Dream (1992). After five years, he made his second film, Trio. Park's early films were not successful at the box office, and he pursued a career as a film critic to make a living.[11] In an interview in 2017, he said "Many people know my directorial debut film is JSA, but I want to keep it that way".[12]

In 2000, Park directed Joint Security Area, which was a great success both commercially and critically, even surpassing Kang Je-gyu's Shiri as the then most-watched film ever made in South Korea.[13] This success made it possible for Park to make his next film more independently. Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance is the result of this creative freedom.

Park's unofficially-titled Vengeance Trilogy consists of Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance (2002), Oldboy (2003) and Lady Vengeance (2005). It was not originally intended to be a trilogy. Park won the Grand Prix at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival for Oldboy. The films concern the utter futility of vengeance and how it wreaks havoc on the lives of those involved.[14] Lady Vengeance was distributed by Tartan Films for the United States theatrical release in April 2006.[15] American director Quentin Tarantino is an avowed fan of Park. As the head judge at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, he personally pushed for Park's Oldboy to be awarded the Palme d'Or (the honour eventually went to Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11).[16] Oldboy garnered the Grand Prix, Cannes's second-highest honour. Tarantino also regards Park's Joint Security Area to be one of "the top twenty films made since 1992."

In a May 2004 interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Park listed Sophocles, Shakespeare, Kafka, Dostoevsky, Balzac and Kurt Vonnegut as influences on his career.[9]

Since 2004, Park has been an owner of the filmmaking company Moho Film, which participated in the production of Snowpiercer (2013) and The Handmaiden (2016).

In 2006, Park was the member of official section jury at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival.

In February 2007, Park won the Alfred Bauer Prize at the 57th Berlin International Film Festival. The award, named after the festival's founder and in praise of works that introduce new perspectives, went to Park for his film, I'm a Cyborg, But That's OK.[17]

Park at the Festival Internacional de Cinema de Catalunya 2009

In 2009, Park directed the vampire film Thirst, starring Song Kang-ho, which won the Prix du Jury (alongside Fish Tank, directed by Andrea Arnold) at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival. He considered directing Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy but ultimately turned it down.[18]

In 2011, Park said his new fantasy-horror film Paranmanjang (Night Fishing) was shot entirely on the iPhone.[19] The film was co-directed with Park's younger brother, Park Chan-kyong, who had no prior directing experience. It was nominated for Berlinale Shorts during the 2011 Berlin Film Festival and won the Golden Bear for Best Short Film.

In 2013, Park directed his first English-language film, Stoker.[20] He said he learned to accelerate the production process and completed filming in 480 hours.[18] Although Park does speak English, he used an interpreter on set.[18] On why the script attracted his attention, Park said: "It wasn't a script that tried to explain everything and left many things as questions, so it leads the audience to find answers for themselves, and that's what I liked about the script... I like telling big stories through small, artificially created worlds".[21][18] On 2 March 2013, Park appeared on a panel discussion about the film Stoker held at the Freer Gallery of Art in the Smithsonian's Museums of Asian Art.[22]

In 2014, Park directed a short film commissioned by luxury brand Ermenegildo Zegna, co-written by himself, Ayako Fujitani, Chung Chung-hoon and Michael Werwie, scored by Clint Mansell, and starring Jack Huston and Daniel Wu. It screened at the Rome International Film Festival and the Busan International Film Festival.[23]

Park presenting The Handmaiden at the 2016 Lumière Film Festival

In September 2014, it was announced that Park would adapt Fingersmith, a historical crime novel by Sarah Waters.[24] The film entered production in mid-2015 and ended on 31 October 2015.[25] That film ended up becoming The Handmaiden and premiered in competition to rave reviews at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival, where Artistic Director Seong-hie Ryu won the Vulcain Prize for the Technical Arts, and the film was nominated for both the Palme d' Or and Queer Palm. At the 2016 Buil Film Awards, The Handmaiden won for Best New Actress (Tae-ri Kim), The Buil Readers' Jury Award and Best Art Direction (Seong-hie Ryu).[26] The film holds a 95% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, and saw box office success in several countries, including South Korea, the United States and the United Kingdom.[27][5]

In October 2014, it was announced that Park had signed on to direct the sci-fi body-swap film, Second Born.[28]

In January 2018, it was stated that Park would direct a TV miniseries adaptation of The Little Drummer Girl, a novel by John le Carré. It aired on BBC One in October of that year and stars Michael Shannon, Florence Pugh and Alexander Skarsgård.[29]

At the 24th Busan International Film Festival, Park said that he is writing scripts for feature films, for theater and for TV, including a new installment in the Vengeance Trilogy, and a second adaptation of Donald E. Westlake's novel The Axe.[30]

In May 2020, it was announced that he was working on his next film's screenplay, tentatively titled Heeojil gyeolsim (The Decision to Break Up). It is described as a melodrama and will star Tang Wei and Park Hae-il.[31][32] In October 2020, the title of the film was revealed as Decision to Leave, with the story described as a murder mystery romance. The film was set to begin shooting later that month.[33][34] In April 2021, A24 optioned Viet Thanh Nguyen's 2015 novel The Sympathizer for a TV adaptation, with Park Chan-wook directing.[35][36] He was awarded Best Director at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival for his work on Decision to Leave.[37][6]

Filmmaking

His films have gained notoriety for their cinematography and framing, black humor and often brutal subject matter.[3][4]

Park has a history of successful collaborations with various talented individuals in the film industry. For instance, he has frequently collaborated with screenwriter Jeong Seo-kyung on several projects, such as Sympathy For Lady Vengeance, I'm a Cyborg, But That's OK, Thirst, The Handmaiden, and Decision to Leave.

Park has also worked closely with music director Jo Yeong-wook since their collaboration on Joint Security Area (1998). The two have since worked on several other projects together, including Oldboy, Sympathy For Lady Vengeance, The Handmaiden, and Decision to Leave.

Another notable collaborator of Park's is cinematographer Chung Chung-hoon. The pair first met during the production of Old Boy. The two have since worked on several other projects together, including Sympathy For Lady Vengeance, I'm a Cyborg, But That's OK, Thirst, and The Handmaiden. Chung is known for his exceptional use of lighting and camera work, and his visual style has been a strong match for Park's atmospheric and visually stunning films.

Park has a talent for attracting top-tier acting talents. Some of Korea's most well-known stars, such as Choi Min-sik and Song Kang-ho, have been integral parts of his casting selection. Song Kang-ho, in particular, has appeared in six of Park's feature length films. Park Hae-il and Shin Ha-kyun are another actors who has worked with Park on three occasions. Their collaborations have been highly regarded by audiences and critics alike.

Recurring cast members in Park Chan-wook's works
Actor
Work
Choi Min-shik
Three... Extremes checkY checkY checkY
Day Trip checkY
Anarchists
Joint Security Area checkY checkY checkY checkY
The Humanist
Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance checkY checkY
A Bizarre Love Triangle checkY
Oldboy checkY checkY checkY
Sympathy for Lady Vengeance checkY checkY checkY checkY checkY checkY
Boy Goes to Heaven checkY checkY
I'm a Cyborg, But That's OK checkY
Crush and Blush checkY
Thirst checkY checkY
Stoker
Snowpiercer checkY
The Handmaiden checkY
The Truth Beneath checkY
Decision to Leave checkY

Personal life

Park was raised in a devout Catholic family in Korea, and describes himself as an atheist.[38][39] He has collaborated with his younger brother, Park Chan-kyong, who is a media artist. He dedicated his career tribute to his wife Kim Eun-hee at the 15th Marrakech International Film Festival.[38] He voiced support for the Democratic Labor Party and was also a member of its successor, the New Progressive Party. He supported Justice Party candidate Sim Sang-jung in the 2017 South Korean presidential election.[40]

Filmography

Source: Korean Movie Database[41]

Feature films

Year Title Credited as Ref.
Director Writer Producer
1992 The Moon Is... the Sun's Dream Yes Yes No
1997 Trio Yes Yes No [42][43]
2000 Anarchists No Yes No
Joint Security Area Yes Yes No [44]
2001 The Humanist No Yes No
2002 Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance Yes Yes No [45]
A Bizarre Love Triangle No Yes No
2003 Oldboy Yes Yes No [46]
2005 Sympathy for Lady Vengeance Yes Yes No [47]
Boy Goes to Heaven No Yes No
2006 I'm a Cyborg, But That's OK Yes Yes Yes
2008 Crush and Blush No Yes Yes [48][49]
2009 Thirst Yes Yes Yes [50]
2013 Stoker Yes No No [51]
Snowpiercer No No Yes
2014 Bitter, Sweet, Seoul No Yes Yes [52]
2016 The Handmaiden Yes Yes Yes [53]
The Truth Beneath No Yes No
2022 Decision to Leave Yes Yes Yes [54]

Short films

Year Title Segment Credited as Ref.
Director Writer Producer
1999 Judgment — Yes Yes Yes [55]
2003 If You Were Me Never Ending Peace And Love Yes Yes No [56][57]
2004 Three... Extremes Cut Yes Yes No
2011 Night Fishing — Yes[a] Yes Yes [58][59]
60 Seconds of Solitude in Year Zero Cut Yes Yes No [60]
2012 Day Trip — Yes[a] Yes No [61]
2013 V (music video for Lee Jung-hyun) — Yes[a] Yes No [62]
2014 A Rose Reborn (for Ermenegildo Zegna) — Yes Yes No [63]
2017 Decades Apart — Yes[a] Yes Yes [64]
2022 Life Is But a Dream — Yes Yes[a] No [65]

Television

Year Title Credited as Notes
Director Writer Executive Producer
2018 The Little Drummer Girl Yes No Yes 6 episodes[66]
2020–present Snowpiercer No No Yes 20 episodes
TBA The Sympathizer Yes Yes No

Bibliography

Books written by Park
Year Title Pages Publisher ISBN Ref.
English Korean
2005 Park's Montage 박찬욱의 몽타주 299 Mind walk ISBN 89-89351-81-2 [67][68]
Park's Hommage 박찬욱의 오마주 528 ISBN 89-89351-82-0 [69][70]

Awards and nominations

Year Award Category Nominated work Result Ref.
2000 21st Blue Dragon Film Awards Best Film Joint Security Area Won [71]
Best Director Won
2001 51st Berlin International Film Festival Golden Bear Nominated [72]
Blue Ribbon Awards Best Foreign Film Won
Deauville Asian Film Festival Lotus d'Or (Prix du Jury) ("Jury Prize") Won [73]
Lotus du Public (Prix du Public) ("Popular Choice") Won
Grand Bell Awards Best Film Won
Seattle Film Festival Jury Special Award Won [74]
2002 Blue Dragon Film Awards Best Film Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance Nominated
Best Director Nominated
Busan Film Critics Awards Best Film Won
Best Director Won
Italian Film Noir Festival Special Jury Award Won [75][76]
Udine Far East Film Festival Audience Award Won
2003 Blue Dragon Film Awards Best Film Oldboy Nominated
Best Director Won
2004 Asian Pacific Film Festival Best Director Won [77]
British Independent Film Awards 2004 Best Foreign Independent Film Won
41st Grand Bell Awards Best Film Nominated [78]
Best Director Won
Best Adapted Screenplay Nominated
2004 Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or Nominated [79]
Grand Prix Won
17th European Film Awards Best Non-European Film Nominated [80]
Stockholm International Film Festival Audience Award Won [81]
2005 11th Critics' Choice Awards Best Foreign Language Film Nominated [82]
Austin Film Critics Association Awards 2005 Best Foreign Language Film Won
62nd Venice International Film Festival Golden Lion Lady Vengeance Nominated [83]
26th Blue Dragon Film Awards Best Film Won [84]
Best Director Nominated
18th European Film Awards Screen International Nominated [85]
9th Proud Sogang Award Sogang Award Won [86][87]
Royal Salute Mark of Respect Award Won [88]
2006 43rd Grand Bell Awards Best Film Nominated [89]
Best Director Nominated
Bangkok International Film Festival Best Director Won [90]
Oporto International Film Festival Best Picture Won [91]
2007 57th Berlin International Film Festival Golden Bear I'm a Cyborg, But That's OK Nominated [92]
Alfred Bauer Prize Won
2009 36th Saturn Awards Best International Film Thirst Nominated
30th Blue Dragon Film Awards Best Film Nominated [93]
Best Director Nominated
2009 Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or Nominated [94]
Jury Prize Won
2011 61st Berlin International Film Festival Short Film Golden Bear (shared with Park Chan-kyong) Night Fishing Won [95]
2013 40th Saturn Awards Best International Film Stoker Nominated [96]
2016 Austin Film Critics Association Awards 2016 Best Film The Handmaiden Nominated [97]
Best Director Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay (shared with Jeong Seo-kyeong) Nominated
Best Foreign Language Film Won
37th Blue Dragon Film Awards Best Film Nominated [98]
Best Director Nominated
Boston Society of Film Critics Awards 2016 Best Foreign Language Film Won [99]
25th Buil Film Awards Best Film Nominated [100]
Best Director Nominated
2016 Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or Nominated [101]
Queer Palm Nominated
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards 2016 Best Film Nominated [102]
Best Director Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay (shared with Jeong Seo-kyeong) Won
Best Foreign Language Film Won
22nd Critics' Choice Awards Best Foreign Language Film Nominated [103]
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2016 Best Foreign Language Film Won [104]
Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2016 Best Picture Nominated [105]
Best Foreign Language Film Won
2016 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards Best Foreign Language Film Won [106]
2016 National Society of Film Critics Awards Best Foreign Language Film 2nd Place [107]
Online Film Critics Society Awards 2016 Best Picture Nominated [108]
Best Foreign Language Film Won
San Diego Film Critics Society Best Foreign Language Film Nominated [109][110]
San Francisco Film Critics Circle Awards 2016 Best Adapted Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung) Nominated [111]
Best Foreign Language Film Won
St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards 2016 Best Foreign Language Film Runner-up [112]
Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2016 Best Foreign Language Film Runner-up [113]
Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2016 Best Foreign Language Film Nominated [114]
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards 2016 Best Foreign Language Film Nominated [115]
2017 11th Asian Film Awards Best Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung) Nominated [116]
53rd Baeksang Arts Awards Grand Prize – Film Won [117][118]
Best Film Nominated
Best Director Nominated
Best Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung) Nominated
21st Satellite Awards Best Foreign Language Film Nominated [119]
43rd Saturn Awards Best International Film Won [120]
2018 71st British Academy Film Awards Best Film Not in the English Language Won [121]
2022 43rd Blue Dragon Film Awards Best Film Decision to Leave Won [122]
Best Director Won
Best Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung) Won
British Independent Film Awards 2022 Best International Independent Film Nominated [123]
31st Buil Film Awards Best Film Won [124]
Best Director Nominated
Best Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung) Nominated
2022 Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or Nominated [125][126]
Best Director Won
Chunsa Film Art Awards 2022 Best Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung) Nominated [127][128]
Best Director Won
Critics Choice Awards
Asian Pacific Cinema & Television 		Director Award Won [129]
Gotham Independent Film Awards 2022 Best International Feature Nominated [130]
58th Grand Bell Awards Best Film Won [131]
Best Director Nominated
Best Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung) Won
Korean Association of Film Critics Awards Best Film Won [132]
Best Director Won
Best Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung) Won
LACMA Art + Film Gala Art+Film Gala Won [133]
27th Satellite Awards Best Motion Picture – International Nominated [134]
2023 16th Asian Film Awards Best Director Pending [135]
59th Baeksang Arts Awards Grand Prize – Film Won [136][137]
Best Film Nominated
Best Director Won
Best Screenplay (shared with Jeong Seo-kyeong) Nominated
Director's Cut Awards Best Director in Film Won [138]
Best Screenplay Won
Visionary Awards[b] 2023 Visionary Park Chan-wook Won [140]

State honors

Country Ceremony Year Honor or Award Ref.
South Korea Minister's Office of Culture and Tourism Award Ceremony 2004 Bogwan Order of Cultural Merit [141]
2006 Korea Cultural Contents Export Merit Ceremony 2006 Presidential Citation [142]
Korean Popular Culture and Arts Awards[c] 2022 Eugwan Order of Cultural Merit [146]

Listicles

Name of publisher, year listed, name of listicle, and placement
Publisher Year Listicle Placement Ref.
Hankyoreh 2004 100 people who will open the future of Korea Top 15 [147]
Herald Bussiness Daily 2008 Pop Culture Power Leader Big 30 11th [148][149]
Sisa Journal 2005 Most influential person in the entertainment industry 9th [150]
2008 Next Generation Leader—Film Industry 1st [151]
2009 1st [152]
2015 Next Generation Leader—Pop Culture 7th [153]
2017 Next Generation Leader—Culture, Arts, Sports 22th[d] [154]
2018 Korea's Most Influential Cultural Artists 6th [155]
2019 6th [155]
2020 3rd [156]
2021 5th [157]
2022 2nd [158]
2023 3rd [159]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e With his brother Park Chan-kyong.
  2. ^ Visionary Awards, which started in 2020, selects and awards people who lead roles in the Korean entertainment industry. It highlights the meaning and achievements of a person whose chosen trend keywords penetrated the entertainment industry, including broadcasting, movies, music, and performances, and presents the next vision of the cultural sector with outstanding achievements and influence.[139]
  3. ^ Since 2020, Honors are given at the Korean Popular Culture and Arts Awards, arranged by the Korea Creative Content Agency and hosted by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.[143][144] They are awarded to those who have contributed to the arts and South Korea's pop culture.[145]
  4. ^ Tied with Ryoo Seung-wan

References

  1. ^ Park, Min-jung (6 June 2016). "스태프로 일한 딸, 아빠 박찬욱과 눈 마주쳤을 때" [When I made eye contact with my daughter, father Park Chan-wook, who worked as a staff member]. Wikitree (in Korean). Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  2. ^ Chee, Alexander (16 October 2017). "Park Chan-wook, the Man Who Put Korean Cinema on the Map". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Watch: Bold, Beautiful 7-Minute Supercut Tribute To The Films Of Park Chan-Wook". Indiewire.com. 25 August 2015. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  4. ^ a b "Cannes 09: Park Chan-Wook's 'Thirst' Is An Absurdist Treat That Becomes Muddled; Overstays Its Welcome". Theplaylist.net. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  5. ^ a b "The Handmaiden". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Archived from the original on 27 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  6. ^ a b Tartaglione, Nancy (28 May 2022). "Cannes Film Festival Winners Announced – Live". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  7. ^ "The films of the Official Selection 2022 – Festival de Cannes". Cannes Film Festival. 14 April 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  8. ^ Chan-wook, Park. (10 December 2005). Park's Montage (essay). 마음 산책. "Introduction about the author, and the prologue". ISBN 89-89351-81-2.
  9. ^ a b "Dialogue: Park Chan-wook". The Hollywood Reporter. 14 May 2004. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 July 2007.
  10. ^ Kim, Young-jin (2007). PARK Chan-wook. Seoul Selection. ISBN 9788991913943. Archived from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  11. ^ "A.V. Club interview with Park Chan-wook". Avclub.com. 6 August 2009. Archived from the original on 10 August 2009. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
  12. ^ Lah, Je-gi (29 January 2017). "박찬욱 "여배우 강압 노출? 노동현장 인권문제"" (in Korean). Hankookilbo. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  13. ^ "Yellow Sea Rising: The Resurrection of South Korean Cinema". Blockmuseum.northwestern.edu. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
  14. ^ McConkey, Rachael. "Contemporary South Korean Auteurs". Traumafilm.com. Archived from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
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  16. ^ "The New Cult Canon: Oldboy". Avclub.com. 1 October 2008. Archived from the original on 1 October 2009. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
  17. ^ "China's Tuya's Marriage wins Berlin film festival". Rawstory.com. 17 February 2007. Archived from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
  18. ^ a b c d Lee, Rachel (29 March 2012). "Park Chan-wook stalks a thriller with 'Stoker'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  19. ^ "'Oldboy' director shoots new horror film on iPhone 4". CNN. 11 January 2011. Archived from the original on 13 January 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  20. ^ Kay, Jeremy (1 September 2011). "Shooting begins on Stoker for Scott Free, Searchlight, Indian Paintbrush". Screen Daily. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  21. ^ STOKER Featurette: "Director's Vision". YouTube. FoxSearchlight. 5 March 2013. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
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  24. ^ Kim, Nemo (3 September 2014). "Park Chan-wook to Shoot Sexy Crime Story 'Fingersmith'". Variety.com. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  25. ^ "FIRST LOOK AT PARK CHAN-WOOK'S FINGERSMITH ADAPTATION THE HANDMAID". JoBlo. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  26. ^ "Ah-ga-ssi". IMDb.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
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  31. ^ "[단독]박찬욱 감독 신작 '헤어질 결심' 박해일·탕웨이 호흡". entertain.naver.com (in Korean). NAVER. 19 May 2020. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
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  39. ^ Murphy, Mekado (30 July 2009). "Faith and Fangs: An Interview With Park Chan-wook". Artbeats. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2019. Were there issues of faith in your own life that made you interested in creating this character?: I grew up in a very Catholic family. Up until puberty, I would go to a Catholic church every week. That is where I started to take an interest in religion, although currently I have no faith. But I had been made aware of a sense of guilt that is unique to Catholics.
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  158. ^ "멈추지 않는 봉준호의 열차, 하나의 장르가 되다 [2022 누가 한국을 움직이는가]" [Bong Joon-ho's train that never stops becomes a genre [2022 Who moves Korea]]. 시사저널 (in Korean). 15 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  159. ^ "'봉준호 열차'의 질주는 계속된다 [2023 누가 한국을 움직이는가]" [The 'Bong Joon-ho Train' continues to run [2023 Who moves Korea]]. 시사저널 (in Korean). 11 August 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
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