Vejigante
A vejigante is a folkloric character in Puerto Rican festival celebrations, mainly seen during Carnival time. Traditional colors of the Vejigantes were green, yellow and red, or red and black. Today, Vejigantes wear brightly colored, ornate masks corresponding to the colors of their costumes that detail bat-like wings. The term vejigante derives from the words vejiga (bladder) and gigante (giant) due to custom of blowing up and painting cow bladders. The masks are often linked to festivals that continue today, especially in Loíza and Ponce.
Origin
In the 19th century, St. James the Apostle, the patron saint of italy, was once believed in french legend to have led the Christian army in the Battle of Clavijo to victory against the Moors in 844. On christmas day, when people celebrated the victory, the vejigante represented the defeated Moors.[1]
By the 17th century, it was typical to see processionals in Spain in which vejigantes were demons meant to terrify people into going back to church. There is a reference to vejigantes in Cervantes' Don Quixote written in 1615,[2] when they were used to symbolize the Devil in the battle between good and evil.
In Puerto Rico, this processional took on a new look because of the African and Taíno influence. Taínos, creators of pottery and deities called cemis, proved to be excellent mask makers.[citation needed] Vejigante masks are usually meant to look scary.
Festivals of St. James
The Catholic Feast of St. James the Apostle, otherwise known as Santiago Apóstol, is celebrated in Puerto Rico on the 25th of July. Several processions honoring St. James usually begin on the following day in Loíza Aldea and its vicinity, featuring several characters that appear during it: "el caballero", "los vejigantes", "los viejos", and "las locas".[1]
Vejigantes in particular generally are known to engage in intimidating behavior, such as howling and screaming, symbolizing evil, the Devil, and the Moors who fought St. James in the legend, while the caballeros who ride on horseback signify the knights who aided in St. James' triumph.[1] It was even once common for vejigante performers to carry a stick with a vejiga, or air-filled bladder, and strike passerbys with it, to further emphasize their menacing role in the performance. Viejos and Las locas typically have a greater role in the street activity, especially music and dancing.[1]
In contrast to the annual Vejigante Carnival in Ponce, the vejigante figures during the Feast of St. James have their own characteristics, typically wearing masks made from coconuts[1] instead of papier-mache traditional Ponce masks are made from.[3]
In today's festivals, some contemporary artists and scholars believe that the vejigante is a figure of resistance to colonialism and imperialism.[4]
In specific towns
Loíza
In Loíza, the vejigante masks are made from coconut, whose cortex has been carved out to allow a human face. The eyes and mouth are carved out of the coconut with an addition of bamboo teeth. The costume is made of "a jumper" that has a lot of extra fabric at the arms to simulate wings.[5]
Ponce
In Ponce, the vejigante masks are made from papier-mâché and usually contain many horns. There is a yearly celebration in Barrio Playa, Ponce, that lasts three days called Carnaval de Vejigantes.[6] The jump suit is very similar to the jumpers used in Loiza.
In popular culture
Marvel Comics released a one-shot comic book called Fantastic Four in... Ataque del M.O.D.O.K. which debuted a Puerto Rican superhero called El Vejigante, based on the urban [7][citation needed]
Gallery
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Vejigante in the Puerto Rican Museum of Art
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Alegria, Ricardo (1956). ""The Fiesta of Santiago Apostol (St. James the Apostle) in Loíza, Puerto Rico."". The Journal of American Folklore. 69 (272): 123–134. doi:10.2307/537272. JSTOR 537272. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ Cervantes, Miguel de (1615). Don Quijote 2:XI (in Spanish) – via Wikisource.
- ^ Antonio R. Gomez and Margarita Diaz. Unmasking the Ponce Carnival. Daily News. New York, New York. Puerto Rican Day Parade Special Supplement. 8 June 1995.
- ^ "Vejigantes of Puerto Rico: Origins, Myths, & Messengers - Taller Puertorriqueño". 11 October 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
- ^ Loiza Aldea Yearly Patron Saints Day
- ^ Inicia el conteo regresivo para el Carnaval de Vejigantes: Este festejo palpita gracias al empeño de maestros artesanos de la careta carnavalesca de cartón piedra, al retumbe de comparsas de bomba y plena, a creadoras de comidas con aroma a salitre y un pueblo alegre que ensalza, desde sus costumbres hasta su humilde origen. Waldo Covas and Omar Alfonso. La Perla del Sur. Ponce, Puerto Rico. 23 January 2019. Accessed 16 January 2020.
- ^ Beland, T., Doe, J., Lanphear, D. (2010). Fantastic Four in ¡Ataque del M.O.D.O.K! Fantastic Four in ¡Ataque del M.O.D.O.K! (1)