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Zanana

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For the Persian language term for women's quarters in the Indian subcontinent, see Zenana.

Two drones viewed from below in a blue sky
Israeli Elbit Systems drones in flight at low altitude

Zanana (also zenana, Template:Lang-ar) is an Arabic slang term used by Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. The word means "buzzing sound" and it is used to refer to the noise produced by Israeli drones in the sky over Gaza, as well as to the drones themselves.

Background

Further information: Gaza Strip and Israeli-occupied territories

The Gaza Strip was occupied by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, and placed under Israeli military administration, which subjected the Palestinians living there to collective punishment and confiscated land to create Israeli settlements. The 1993 Oslo Accords altered the deployment of Israeli troops in Gaza, with the new Palestinian Authority holding police power, but Israel retained control of the borders, major roads, and settlements and surrounding area. The Second Intifada beginning in 2000 led to stricter Israeli restrictions on Palestinians in Gaza. In 2005, Israel unilaterally disengaged from Gaza, evacuating settlers and army personnel. However, Israel subsequently continued to send its military into Gaza at its own discretion,[1] and retained practical control of Gaza's borders, airspace, and territorial waters.[2][3] In 2007, following Hamas's election into power in Gaza, Israel imposed an indefinite blockade on Gaza, restricting the movement of people and goods including food supply and infrastructure.[2]

"We’re looking at how you control a city or a territory from the air when it’s no longer legitimate to hold or occupy that territory on the ground."

Head of the Israeli Air Force in 2004[4]

Israel is a leading manufacturer and exporter of drones, and uses drones extensively in its military operations.[5] Israeli drones were first developed in the 1980s for surveillance purposes during the Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon.[6] Since 2000, Israeli drones have commonly been present in the sky over the Gaza Strip,[7] where they were initially used for surveillance; missile strikes targeting people and infrastructure first occurred in 2004 and proliferated in 2006 after Israel's unilateral disengagement.[6] In addition to surveilling and killing both militants and civilians,[7] with a majority of those killed being civilians,[6] the drones produce a near-constant buzzing noise audible from the ground,[6][7] disrupt satellite television reception,[3][8] and create a psychological impact involving fear among the Palestinian population in Gaza.[3][6][9] A survey in The Lancet following the 2008-2009 Gaza War found that 58% of children in Gaza had a permanent fear of the dark and 43% reported frequent nightmares, among other symptoms of psychological trauma.[6]

Meaning and use

“For us, drones mean death. When you hear drones, you hear death."

Hamdi Shaqqura, a deputy director of the Palestinian Center for Human Rights[3]

A rough literal translation of the Arabic word zanana (also transliterated zenana) is "buzzing sound" or "noisemaker".[7][3] In Egypt, which borders Gaza and has influenced its culture, zenana is a slang term that refers to a nagging wife.[3] The term was adopted by Palestinians in the Gaza Strip to refer to the buzzing noise produced by Israeli drones,[6][10] which is audible from the ground and at times disrupts the sleep of people in Gaza.[7] Through synecdoche, the term is also used to refer to the drones themselves.[7][8][9] It has also been used by Palestinians in Gaza to refer to internal informants who provide information to Hamas or the Palestinian Authority.[8]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Abu Saif 2014, p. 15.
  2. ^ a b Abu Saif 2014, p. 16.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Wilson 2011.
  4. ^ Abu Saif 2014, p. 21.
  5. ^ Abu Saif 2014, p. 11.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Cook 2013.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Abu Saif 2014, p. 6.
  8. ^ a b c Hass 2010.
  9. ^ a b Goodfriend 2022.
  10. ^ Stanley 2017, p. 13.

Works cited

  • Abu Saif, Atef (March 2014). Sleepless in Gaza: Israeli drone war on the Gaza Strip (PDF) (Report). Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung Regional Office Palestine. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
  • Cook, Jonathan (November 28, 2013). "Gaza: Life and death under Israel's drones". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
  • Goodfriend, Sophie (2022-10-13). "Drones terrorized Gaza for years. Now they'll do the same in the West Bank". +972 Magazine. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
  • Hass, Amira (August 2, 2010). "In Gaza, a Hamas Informer and a UAV Have Just One Name". Haaretz. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
  • Stanley, Bruce (2017). "The City-Logic of Resistance: Subverting Urbicide in the Middle East City". Journal of Peacebuilding & Development. 12 (3): 10–24. ISSN 1542-3166 – via JSTOR.
  • Wilson, Scott (December 3, 2011). "In Gaza, lives shaped by drones". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
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