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Sanigs

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Sanigi
File:Map of the residence of the Abkhazian tribes.jpg
borders of principalities on the territory of Abkhazia
Regions with significant populations
Northeastern Black Sea coast

The Sanigs (Greek: Σάνιγκι; Abkhaz: Асаӡуа; Georgian: ჯიგები) were a tribe inhabiting historical Heniochia(Northwest shore of Kingdom of Colchis). Their ethnic identity is obscure and is the subject of a controversy.[1] They are first attested in the works of Pliny, Arrian[2] and Memnon of Heraclea.

Geography

Historical territories of Heniokhet-Sanikheti(Sanigia) was divided into three parts:

  • old southern Heniochia, later coastal Abkhazia (which included the coastal zone from Sukhumi to Adler);
  • Inner Heniochia (Sochi district);
  • North Heniochia, later Jiketi of Abkhazia (Tuapsi region).

Sanigs inhabited the Inner Heniochia[3]

Origin

According to Pavle Ingorokva In historical sources, the name of the main aboriginal tribe inhabiting these territories is reported, as following forms: Heniochi, Sanikh and Sanigi, according to him all these forms are dialectal variations of the same ethnic name, In earlier times, from the 5th century AD to the 1st-2nd centuries AD, the name appears in the form Henioch and from the 1st-2nd centuries AD, the usual form of this name is Sanikh or Sanigi. According to him the name of this tribe shows that it belonged to the Zan branch of the Georgian tribes; This name--Heniokh, Sanikh, Sani--was adopted precisely in the Colchian-Laz tribal group, where it was widely distributed.[4] As Zan speaking Heniochi tribe also inhabited other parts of the historical Colchis and Pontus[5]

Georgian scholars consider them to be Zans (ancestors of Mingrelian and Laz peoples), while others maintain that they were proto-Svans.[6][7] According to Arrian, they inhabited the area around Sebastopolis (modern Sukhumi). In favour of the Sanigs' Kartvelian (either Zan or Svan) origin, it is important to mention some modern Georgian surnames such as: Sanikidze, Sanikiani, Sanigiani, Sanaia[8]

Some Abkhazians consider the Sanigs to be the ancestors of the Sadz and Zhaney, as evidenced by the territorial settlement of these peoples. [9][10]

References

  1. ^ Smith, Graham (1998). Nation-building in the post-Soviet borderlands: the politics of national identities. Cambridge University Press. pp. 55. ISBN 978-0-521-59968-9.
  2. ^ Pauly, August Friedrich von; Christian Walz (1852). Real-encyclopädie der classischen alterthumswissenschaft. p. 2866. Seeräubern treibendes Bolk deö affaiischen Sarmatien an der Küste dt« 5',' zwischen den SanigS und AchSi (Arrian. II)
  3. ^ ინგოროყვა, პავლე (1954). "გიორგი მერჩულე" (in Georgian). pp. 134–135.
  4. ^ ინგოროყვა, პავლე (1954). "გიორგი მერჩულე" (in Georgian). p. 135.
  5. ^ ინგოროყვა, პავლე (1954). "გიორგი მერჩულე". p. 135.
  6. ^ ინგოროყვა პ. გიორგი მერჩულე, თბ., 1954;
  7. ^ მიქელაძე თ., ძიებანი კოლხეთის და სამხრეთ-აღმოსავლეთი შავიზღვისპირეთის უძველესი მოსახლეობის ისტორიიდან (ძვ. წ. II-I ათასწლეულები), თბ., 1974.
  8. ^ Topchishvili, Roland. "Svaneti and Its Inhabitants (Ethno-historical Studies)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  9. ^ "Ш. Д. Инал-ипа. Садзы (Москва, 1995; Сухум, 2014)". apsnyteka.org. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  10. ^ "Кунижева Л.З. Из истории формирования абазинского народа. | Апсуара". www.apsuara.ru. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
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