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Elizabeth of Pomerania

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Elizabeth of Pomerania
Elisabeth of Pomerania
Holy Roman Empress
Queen consort of Germany and Bohemia
Tenure1363–1378
Coronation1 November 1368
Born1347
Died15 April 1393 (aged 45–46)
Hradec Králové
Burial
St. Vitus Cathedral, Prague
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1363; died 1378)​
Issue
HouseHouse of Griffin
FatherBogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania
MotherElisabeth of Poland

Elizabeth of Pomerania (Template:Lang-pl, Czech: Eliška Pomořanská; c. 1347 – 15 April 1393) was the fourth and last wife of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia.

Life

Elizabeth was the daughter of Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania[1] and Elisabeth of Poland. Her maternal grandparents were Casimir III, King of Poland, and Aldona of Lithuania. Elizabeth married Charles on 25 May 1363 in Kraków,[2] only one year after the death of Charles's third wife, Anne of Schweidnitz. The bride was 16 years old, while the groom was 47. Charles married Elisabeth mainly for a diplomatic reason, as the marriage helped to break the anti-Czech coalition led by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, with Polish and Hungarian kings as participants. On 18 June 1363 in the Bohemian capital Prague, Elisabeth was crowned Queen of Bohemia,[2] and 5 years later, on 1 November 1368, she was also crowned empress of the Holy Roman Empire in Rome by Pope Urban V.[3]

Elizabeth and Charles had:

Queen and empress

Elizabeth is reputed to have been a very vigorous, self-confident and physically strong person. The relationship between Elizabeth and Charles is described to have been good and harmonious. During the serious illness of Charles in 1371, Elisabeth made a miniature pilgrimage by walking on foot to the cathedral and offering gifts in a prayer to his health. Their good relationship has been portrayed in art, such as in Noc na Karlštejně (A Night at Karlstein). She did not seem to have wielded any political influence. However, she was tormented by the fact that Charles preferred his children from his former marriage, but was unable to change his mind.

Widowhood

After her husband's death at 29 November 1378 in Prague, Elizabeth's stepson Wenceslaus IV, son of Charles's previous wife, ascended the throne. Elizabeth then cared for her own two sons, mainly the older Sigismund, whom she supported in his efforts to become the king of Hungary.

Elizabeth outlived Charles IV by 15 years. She died on 15 February 1393 in Hradec Králové (Königgrätz) and was buried next to her husband in St. Vitus Cathedral.[7]

References

  1. ^ Frost 2015, p. 7.
  2. ^ a b Žurek 2022, p. 18.
  3. ^ Warner 2017, p. 104.
  4. ^ Staley 2020, p. 17.
  5. ^ Rapelli 2011, p. 17.
  6. ^ a b c d Boehm & Fajt 2005, p. xvii.
  7. ^ Joachim Zdrenka: Elżbieta córka Bogusława V księcia pomorskiego, żona cesarza Karola IV[permanent dead link] Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka 1977, 1, p. 3.

Sources

  • Boehm, Barbara Drake; Fajt, Jiri, eds. (2005). Prague: The Crown of Bohemia, 1347-1437. Yale University Press.
  • Frost, Robert I. (2015). The Making of the Polish-Lithuanian Union 1385-1569. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
  • Rapelli, Paola (2011). Symbols of Power in Art. The J. Paul Getty Museum.
  • Staley, Lynn (2020). Following Chaucer: Offices of the Active Life. University of Michigan Press.
  • Warner, Kathryn (2017). Richard II: A True King's Fall. Amberley Publishing.
  • Žurek, Václav (2022). "The Coronations of Bohemian Kings and Queens". In Šmahel, František; Nodl, Martin; Žurek, Václav (eds.). Festivities, Ceremonies, and Rituals in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown in the Late Middle Ages. Brill. pp. 9–52.

Further reading

  • J. Fidler, České královny [Queens of Bohemia] (Havlíčkův Brod, 2004)
  • KAVKA, František. Čtyři ženy Karla IV. Královské sňatky. Praha ; Litomyšl : Paseka, 2002. 189 s. ISBN 80-7185-493-X.
  • SPĚVÁČEK, Jiří. Karel IV. Život a dílo (1316–1378). Praha : Nakladatelství Svoboda, 1980. 721 s.
  • SPĚVÁČEK, Jiří. Václav IV. 1361–1419. K předpokladům husitské revoluce. Praha : Nakladatelství Svoboda, 1986. 773 s.
Royal titles
Vacant
Title last held by
Anna von Schweidnitz 		Queen consort of Bohemia and Germany
1363–1378 		Succeeded by
Holy Roman Empress
1363–1378 		Vacant
Title next held by
Barbara of Celje
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