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Fran Lebowitz
Lebowitz in 2011
Lebowitz in 2011
BornFrances Ann Lebowitz
(1950-10-27) October 27, 1950 (age 74)
Morristown, New Jersey, U.S.
Occupation
  • Author
  • public speaker
  • actor
Notable worksMetropolitan Life
Social Studies
The Fran Lebowitz Reader

Frances Ann Lebowitz (/ˈliːbəwɪts/;[1] born October 27, 1950) is an American author,[2] public speaker,[3][4] and actor.[5] She is known for her sardonic social commentary on American life as filtered through her New York City sensibilities and her association with many prominent figures of the 1970s and 1980s New York art scene, including Andy Warhol, Martin Scorsese, Jerome Robbins, Robert Mapplethorpe, David Wojnarowicz, Candy Darling, and the New York Dolls.[6][7][8][9]

Lebowitz gained fame for her books Metropolitan Life (1978) and Social Studies (1981), which were combined into The Fran Lebowitz Reader in 1994. She has been the subject of two projects directed by Martin Scorsese, the HBO documentary film Public Speaking (2010), and the Netflix docu-series Pretend It's a City (2021).[10]

The New York Times has called Lebowitz a modern-day Dorothy Parker.[11]

Early life and education

Lebowitz was born and raised in Morristown, New Jersey. She had one sister, Ellen. Her parents were Ruth and Harold[12] Lebowitz, who owned Pearl's Upholstered Furniture, a furniture store and upholstery workshop.[12][13][14] She developed a love of reading from an early age, to the point that she would surreptitiously read during class and neglect her homework. Lebowitz describes her "Jewish identity [as] ethnic or cultural or whatever people call it now. But it's not religious."[15] She has been an atheist since age 7.[16] She did not have a bat mitzvah, but did go to Sunday school until 15 and had a confirmation.[15]

Lebowitz was a poor student overall, particularly in algebra, which she failed six times. She has called it "the first thing which they presented to me that I absolutely could not understand at all, and had no interest in understanding".[17][18] She worked at a Carvel ice cream store.[2] Her grades were so poor that her parents enrolled her in The Wilson School[15][19] (now defunct), a private girls' Episcopal school, in Mountain Lakes, where her grades marginally improved but she had difficulty following the rules and was eventually expelled for "nonspecific surliness".[15][20][18] She also was suspended from Morristown High School for sneaking out of pep rallies.[17]

As an adolescent, Lebowitz was deeply affected by James Baldwin: "James Baldwin was the first person I ever saw on television who I heard talk like that—by which I mean, he was the first intellectual I ever heard talk... And I was just flabbergasted. That made me read him."[21] She also enjoyed watching television appearances by Gore Vidal and William F. Buckley, though she did not agree with Buckley.[21]

Early career

After being expelled from high school, Lebowitz earned her certificate of high school equivalency. When she was 18, her parents sent her to live with her aunt in Poughkeepsie, New York. She stayed for six months,[22] and then in 1969 moved to New York City.[23] Her father agreed to pay for her first two months in the city on the condition that she live at the women's-only Martha Washington Hotel.[18] She then stayed with friends in New York apartments and Boston college dormitories, surviving by writing papers for students. At age 20, she rented a West Village apartment.[24][25] To support herself, she worked as a cleaner,[2] chauffeur, taxi driver and pornography writer.[20][18] Lebowitz refused to wait tables because she claimed that sexual intercourse with the manager was a prerequisite for hiring at many restaurants.[26]

At age 21, Lebowitz worked for Changes, a small magazine "about radical-chic politics and culture"[27] founded by Susan Graham Ungaro,[28] the fourth wife of Charles Mingus. She sold advertising space,[2] and then wrote book and movie reviews.[19] Andy Warhol then hired Lebowitz as a columnist for Interview,[29] where she wrote a column called "I Cover the Waterfront".[2] Then came a stint at Mademoiselle.[30] During these years, she made friends with many artists, including Peter Hujar, whom she met in 1971, and Robert Mapplethorpe, who often gave her photos, many of which she threw away in the 1970s.[31]

In 1978, her first book, Metropolitan Life, was published. The book was a set of comedic essays mostly from Mademoiselle and Interview,[22] with titles such as "Success Without College" and "A Few Words on a Few Words". She often detailed things that she found irksome or frustrating in a dry, sardonic tone.[32] After its publication, Lebowitz became a local celebrity, frequenting Studio 54[33] and appearing on television. This was followed by Social Studies (1981), another collection of comedic essays[11] mostly from Mademoiselle and Interview,[34] in which she explored topics such as teenagers, films, and room service.[35] Years later, The Fran Lebowitz Reader (1994) was published, which included both books.[36]

Writer's block and public persona

Since the mid-1990s, Lebowitz has been known for her decades-long writer's block.[2] Her last published book was Mr. Chas and Lisa Sue Meet the Pandas (1994), a children's book about giant pandas living in New York City who long to move to Paris. Since that time, Lebowitz has worked on various book projects that have not been completed. This includes Exterior Signs of Wealth, a long-overdue, unfinished novel,[13] purportedly about rich people who want to be artists and artists who want to be rich.[2] Her book Progress was first excerpted in Vanity Fair in 2004,[37] but has yet to be completed as of 2024. When discussing her writer's block, she said: "My editor—who, whenever I introduce him as my editor, always says, 'easiest job in town'—he says that the paralysis I have about writing is caused by an excessive reverence for the written word, and I think that's probably true."[21]

Due to her writer's block, Lebowitz has largely supported herself with television appearances and speaking engagements. She has said, "It's what I wanted my entire life. People asking me my opinion, and people not allowed to interrupt."[38] She tours as a public speaker, represented by the Steven Barclay Agency.[39] In addition, she has made several appearances on Late Night with David Letterman[13] and had a recurring role as Judge Janice Goldberg on the television drama Law & Order from 2001 to 2007.[6] She does still write journalistic pieces; Lebowitz has been employed as a contributing editor and occasional columnist for Vanity Fair since 1997.

Through her public appearances, Lebowitz has reached a wider audience who have come to know her trademark style. She is known for her clever quips and observational humor on a range of topics, including New York City, gentrification, art, literature, and politics. She typically wears men's suit jackets (made bespoke by the Savile Row firm of Anderson & Sheppard),[40] white shirts, cowboy boots, Levi's jeans, and tortoiseshell glasses.[41][42] She often speaks of her treasured pearl-grey 1979 Checker cab, the only car she has ever owned, which she describes as "the only monogamous relationship I've ever had in my life".[43] In September 2007, Lebowitz was named one of the year's most stylish women in Vanity Fair's 68th Annual International Best-Dressed List.[44] She is also known for her massive book collection, 10,000 volumes in all, including at least one shelf of soap-carving books,[2] and her refusal to use many technologies, including cell phones and computers.[45] A heavy smoker, Lebowitz is an advocate for smokers' rights.[13][46][47] She has not otherwise used drugs or alcohol since she was 19, which she says is because she reached her "lifetime supply" of both by that age.[48]

In 2010, Lebowitz was introduced to a new generation of audiences, when she was featured in the documentary Public Speaking. On November 17, 2010, she returned to The Late Show with David Letterman after a 16-year absence, to promote the documentary. She discussed her years-long writer's block, which she jokingly referred to as a "writer's blockade". On November 22, 2010, HBO debuted Public Speaking, Martin Scorsese's documentary about her containing interviews and clips from speaking engagements.[49] Lebowitz also made an appearance as a judge in Scorsese's 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street. She collaborated with Scorsese again on the 2021 Netflix series Pretend It's a City, in which Scorsese interviews her about New York City and other subjects.[50][51]

Views

New York City

Lebowitz has been critical of the gentrification and changing culture of New York City. She explained that the main difference between "Old New York" and "New New York" is the influence and dominance of the culture of money. While New York was always an expensive city, people who were not rich could live in Manhattan and "you didn't have to think about money every second." This was because, among other reasons, "there were a zillion bad jobs. That doesn't exist any more. I mean, I could wake up one afternoon with zero money—I don't just mean in the house, I mean to my name—and know that by the end of the day, I would have money."[52]

She has been critical of New York mayors Rudy Giuliani and Michael Bloomberg for making New York more "suburban" and accelerating gentrification in Manhattan. She has also been critical of the large numbers of wealthy people in New York City, as she believes they do not create anything of value but only consume things.[53] Of Bloomberg, she said:

I object to people who are rich in politics. I don't think they should be allowed to be in politics. It is bad that rich people are in politics, it is bad for everybody but rich people, and rich people don't need any more help. Whenever people say, "Oh, he earned his money himself," I always say the same thing: "No one earns a billion dollars. People earn $10 an hour, people steal a billion dollars."[48]

Of Giuliani's law enforcement policies she said, "When Giuliani was the mayor, every five minutes an unarmed black man was shot in the back."[54] Lebowitz abhors New York City's high number of tourists, calling the shift in the 1980s toward promoting the city as a tourist destination "an incredibly horrible idea".[48] She has cited tourism as a cause of New York's housing shortage because hotels are built rather than apartment buildings, and described the negative effects of gearing the city's economy towards tourists: "You cannot lure these herds of hillbillies into the middle of a city, and not have it affect the city."[55][48]

Of the homelessness crisis in New York, she has said, "Any New Yorker who walks down the street in this rich city ... you can't even hear anything because the money's making so much noise now, and see people in the street and not feel this is a disgrace to the country, it's a disgrace to the city."[56]

Impact of HIV/AIDS

In the 1980s, many of her gay male friends died of HIV/AIDS. Lebowitz has discussed the impact of the "plague years" on American culture. In particular, she has spoken about the cultural void that was left behind from losing a generation of talented artists and intellectuals. Many of these men not only produced art and intellectual culture, but they also were the passionate audiences that nurtured such culture. As she explained in a 2016 interview:

What is culture without gay people? This is America, what is the culture? Not just New York. AIDS completely changed American culture... And with AIDS, a whole generation of gay men died practically all at once, within a couple of years. And especially the ones that I knew. The first people who died of AIDS were artists. They were also the most interesting people... The knowing audience also died and no longer exists in a real way... There's a huge gap in what people know, and there's no context for it anymore.[52]

In 1987, Lebowitz published a piece in The New York Times titled "The Impact of AIDS on the Artistic Community".[57]

Feminism

Lebowitz has been called the "opposite of lean-in feminism".[26] She said in a 2019 interview:

If [feminism] really worked, there wouldn't be feminism anymore. There's a couple of things that have changed so much for the better, and the life of a girl is a billion times better than when I was a girl. There's no comparison. It's so much better, and yet it's still horrible. That will tell you what it was like, okay?[26]

In another interview, she said, "I didn't pay much attention to it, largely because it never occurred to me it would work. I was, unfortunately, largely right." She has also said, "The way girls are raised now. It's so different... When I was a child, if you wanted to do something and you were not allowed to do it, very often, the answer to why not would be: because you're a girl."[58]

Of the MeToo movement, she said,

It never occurred to me this would ever change. Being a woman was exactly the same from Eve till eight months ago. So it never occurred to me that it would change. Ever. I can tell you that it's probably one of the most surprising things in my life. The first forty guys who got caught—I knew almost all of them.[26]

Politics

Lebowitz identifies as a liberal Democrat[59] and is often critical of moderate Democratic politicians and policy. She has been a vociferous critic of the Republican Party for many years and more recently of former president Donald Trump.[60] She has said that Trump's appeal to his voters is "racism, pure and simple," and described Trump campaign rallies as reminiscent of those held by the Ku Klux Klan and George Wallace.[61] She has called Trump "a cheap hustler," "stupid," "lazy," and "a little crazy, but mostly he's dumb."[62] Of Trump's election in 2016, she said, "It was horrible. I felt that strongly affected emotionally for at least a month. My level of rage, always high, is now in fever pitch all the time."[60] She joked, "If there's one upside to all this [Trump's election], it's that it's gotten Trump out of New York."[63]

Lebowitz has been critical of many other politicians. She has expressed antipathy for Bill Clinton for moving the Democratic Party to the right, saying, "to me he seemed like a Republican...when he signed that welfare bill I went insane. He was a successful moderate Republican president."[59] Lebowitz has spoken of her dislike for Bernie Sanders, calling him at one point "an unbelievably irritating, narcissistic old man" who took votes away from her candidate of choice, Hillary Clinton.[59][42] She often describes Ronald Reagan as "the template for the stupid President," saying that "before Reagan there was no idea the president could be stupid."[62]

Lebowitz has said she believes the Second Amendment has been misinterpreted, and guarantees individuals the right not to bear arms but rather to form militias.[62] Of the gun rights debate, she has said:

Who are these people that love guns? These people who love Trump and they love guns, these are the most frightened people I have ever seen in my life ... I could have gotten a gun but I never got one. I was an 18-year-old penniless girl in the middle of a dangerous city and I was never as afraid as these men in Texas, living in a state of terror.[60]

In May 2019, Lebowitz said on Real Time with Bill Maher that Trump should suffer the same fate as Jamal Khashoggi, the Washington Post columnist the CIA believes was tortured and murdered on orders from Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.[64][65] Lebowitz walked back her comments later in the same program.[66]

Personal life

Lebowitz is open about her personal life and is a lesbian.[67] She has spoken about having difficulty with romantic relationships. In 2016, she said, "I'm the world's greatest daughter. I'm a great relative. I believe I'm a great friend. I'm a horrible girlfriend. I always was."[52]

Lebowitz was a close, longtime friend of Toni Morrison.[26]

Lebowitz is "famously resistant to technology". She has no cellphone, computer, or typewriter.[68][69]

Work

Filmography

Film

Year Title Role Notes
1990 Paris Is Burning Herself Documentary
2010 Public Speaking Herself HBO Documentary film
2013 The Wolf of Wall Street Honorable Samantha Stogel Feature Film
2014 River of Fundament Wake Guest
2016 Mapplethorpe: Look at the Pictures Herself Documentary
2017 The Gospel According to André Herself Documentary
2018 Always at the Carlyle Herself Documentary
2019 Toni Morrison: The Pieces I Am Herself Documentary
2019 The Booksellers Herself Documentary
2020 Wojnarowicz: F**k You F*ggot F**ker Herself Documentary
2023 A.k.a. Mr. Chow Herself Documentary

Television

Year Title Role Notes
1980 The David Letterman Show Herself - Guest Episode: June 30, 1980
1982-10 The Late Show with David Letterman Herself - Guest 15 episodes
1982 The Mike Douglas Show Herself - Guest Episode: David Hasselhoff/Fran Lebowitz
1994-10 Charlie Rose Herself - Guest 6 episodes
1994-00 Late Night with Conan O'Brien Herself - Guest 7 episodes
2001-07 Law & Order Judge Janis Goldberg 12 episodes
2006 Law & Order: Criminal Intent Episode: "To the Bone"
2010-13 Late Night with Jimmy Fallon Herself - Guest 3 episodes
2015-21 The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon Herself - Guest 8 episodes
2015-22 Real Time with Bill Maher Herself - Guest 8 episodes
2021 Pretend It's a City Herself Producer; Netflix docuseries[70]
2021 Late Night with Seth Meyers Herself - Guest Episode: Bill Hader/Fran Lebowitz
2021 Ziwe Herself - Guest Episode: "55%"

Bibliography

  • Metropolitan Life, Dutton, 1978. ISBN 978-0-525-15562-1
  • Social Studies, Random House, 1981. ISBN 978-0-394-51245-7
  • The Fran Lebowitz Reader, Vintage Books, 1994, ISBN 978-0-679-76180-8
  • Mr. Chas and Lisa Sue Meet the Pandas, Knopf, 1994. ISBN 978-0-679-86052-5
  • Progress [Unfinished], New York : Knopf, 2003, OCLC 52860152 ISBN 9781400041367[71]
  • Lebowitz, Fran; Warhol, Andy (2004). Brant, Sandra J.; Sischy, Ingrid (eds.). Andy Warhol's Interview: The Crystal Ball of Pop Culture. Volume 7: Fran Lebowitz: I Cover the Waterfront. Paris: Edition 7L. ISBN 3865210236. OCLC 314795464. Archived from the original on January 16, 2021.[72]
  • Exterior Signs of Wealth [Unfinished][71][73][74]

References

  1. ^ "Say How: L". National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled. April 17, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Plimpton, George; Linville, James (1993). "A Humorist at Work". The Paris Review. Summer 1993 (127). ISSN 0031-2037. Retrieved January 10, 2021. While working in the local Carvel ice-cream store, she attended an Episcopalian day school until she was thrown out for "non-specific surliness." Certain that she would starve to death following this banishment, Lebowitz skipped college and moved to Manhattan, where she pursued such jobs as taxi driving, belt peddling, apartment cleaning ("with a small specialty in Venetian blinds"), and selling advertising space for Changes magazine.
  3. ^ Detrick, Ben (November 17, 2010). "Infallibility Has Its Upside". The New York Times.
  4. ^ King, Loren (October 6, 2012). "Fran Lebowitiz is coming to town to tell it like it is". Boston.com. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
  5. ^ David, Mark (February 13, 2017). "Fran Lebowitz Buys $3.1 Million, One-Bedroom Condo in New York City". Variety.
  6. ^ a b Bennett, Bruce (November 23, 2010). "The Vulture Transcript: Fran Lebowitz on Sarah Palin, Keith Richards, Her Side Career as a Law & Order Judge, and Much More". New York.
  7. ^ O'Hagan, Sean (February 7, 2021). "Fran Lebowitz: 'I am really not a contrarian'". The Guardian. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  8. ^ Bradley Paige, Katherine (May 14, 2018). "Fran Lebowitz Remembers When Everyone Hated Jerome Robbins and Money Had No Currency". Vice. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  9. ^ Harris, Melissa (Fall 1994). "Close Friend To Both David Wojnarowicz And Peter Hujar, Writer Fran Lebowitz Renders An Intimate Portrait Of Both Artists..." No. 137. Aperture. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  10. ^ Butler, Sara (April 27, 2022). "Ahead of rare San Diego appearance, Fran Lebowitz chats about writing, Zoom calls and California burritos". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved August 18, 2022.
  11. ^ a b Collins, Glenn (August 23, 1981). "The sour cream sensibility". The New York Times.
  12. ^ a b "Harold Lebowitz Obituary - Morristown, New Jersey , Rowe Funeral Home". Tribute Archive. November 21, 2008. Retrieved January 10, 2021. Lebowitz owned and operated Pearl's Upholstered Furniture
  13. ^ a b c d Morris, Bob (August 10, 1994). "At Lunch With: Fran Lebowitz; Words Are Easy, Books Are Not". The New York Times.
  14. ^ "Fran Lebowitz on Why Childhood Was a Good Fit". Wall Street Journal. March 31, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  15. ^ a b c d Ginsberg, Johanna R. (January 27, 2016). "The NJ that's in me doesn't exist anymore". New Jersey Jewish News. Archived from the original on March 2, 2018. Retrieved January 10, 2021. There was no official charge. When people ask me about this, they usually think, what do you have to do to get expelled from school? Now, you have to burn the school down or something. I just wasn't the headmaster's cup of tea...So I went to Sunday school until I was 15. And then had a confirmation.
  16. ^ KXM (February 15, 2017). Fran Lebowitz Interview on Charlie Rose. Retrieved July 17, 2017 – via YouTube.com.
  17. ^ a b La Gorce, Tammy (November 9, 2020). "Riding Out the Pandemic with Fran Lebowitz". New Jersey Monthly. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021. I was suspended from Morristown High School specifically for sneaking out of pep rallies...So is algebra, which I failed six times.
  18. ^ a b c d Eleanor Wachtel (November 25, 2012). Fran Lebowitz interview. Writers & Company. CBC Radio. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2018 – via YouTube.com.
  19. ^ a b O'Brien, Glenn (October 28, 2019). "Fran Lebowitz, America's Funniest Femme Fatale". High Times (August 1978). Retrieved January 11, 2021. Just one day the headmaster woke up and thought. "She's really not our type."
  20. ^ a b Osgood, Kelsey (March 25, 2014). "Biographies We Need: The Delightful Drollery of Fran Lebowitz". signature-reads.com. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
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  22. ^ a b Mitgang, Herbert (June 4, 1978). "BEHIND THE BEST SELLERS". The New York Times. Retrieved January 11, 2021. expelled in her senior year — "Kicked out," she says. "I wasn't the right type for Wilson School. I couldn't wear their blazer. I never discovered the formal charge — that went to my parents. I think was thrown out for petulance."
  23. ^ "Fran Lebowitz Remembers Everything in Public Speaking". The Village Voice. February 23, 2011. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  24. ^ Clemente, Francesco (March 11, 2016). "The Voice: Fran Lebowitz". Interview Magazine. Retrieved January 16, 2021. But when I say no kitchen, I mean no sink. Okay? There was a sink in the bathroom. But I moved into that apartment in 1970 or '69; there was no ceiling in the bathroom. I saw the super once, just when I moved in, and I pointed out to him there was no ceiling in the bathroom. He said they'd fix it. When I moved out nine years later, there was no ceiling in the bathroom. There may, in fact, still be no ceiling in the bathroom.
  25. ^ Bui, Phong (March 4, 2014). "FRAN LEBOWITZ with Phong Bui". The Brooklyn Rail. Retrieved January 11, 2021. I remember when I moved out of the hotel I basically lived on the floors of my friends' apartments. I would even go to Boston and sleep on the floor in the dormitory of a few friends from high school who were going to college in Boston. I didn't really have my own apartment probably until I was 20.
  26. ^ a b c d e Tashjian, Rachel (March 21, 2019). "Fran Lebowitz Will Never Read This Interview". The Cut. Retrieved April 18, 2020. Fran is very close with Toni Morrison. "She's one of my best friends, and she is the only wise person I've ever known. I know lots of very smart people, but I only know one wise person," she said. She and Toni talk on the phone every day. "She's very important to me because there are very few people's advice I'm interested in," Fran said. "I've not always taken Toni's advice, but I'm always interested. Toni is so unlike me. When I was young, my mother used to say, 'Can't you be the bigger person?' And I would say no. I am by nature the smaller person, but the bigger person is Toni."
  27. ^ Santoro, Gene (2001). Myself when I am real : the life and music of Charles Mingus. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 283. ISBN 0-19-514711-1.
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  57. ^ Lebowitz, Fran (September 13, 1987). "The Impact of Aids on the Artistic Community". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  58. ^ Durbin, Andrew (April 9, 2018). "Women in the Arts: Fran Lebowitz". Frieze. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  59. ^ a b c Real Time with Bill Maher (February 26, 2016). Real Time with Bill Maher: Overtime – February 26, 2016 (HBO). YouTube.com. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  60. ^ a b c Brigid Delaney (March 19, 2018). "Fran Lebowitz: 'You do not know anyone as stupid as Donald Trump'". The Guardian. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
  61. ^ Trey Speegle (October 27, 2016). "Fran Leibowitz on Donald Trump: "He's a Poor Person's Idea of a Rich Person". Watch". worldofwonder.net. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
  62. ^ a b c Sydney Opera House Talks & Ideas (March 13, 2018). Grabbing Back: Women in the Age of Trump – all about women 2018. YouTube.com. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
  63. ^ Fran Lebowitz (November 11, 2016). "Fran Lebowitz Has Spoken". Paper Magazine. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
  64. ^ Brie Stimson (May 18, 2018). "Maher guest Fran Lebowitz's Trump comments light up social media with reactions". Fox News. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  65. ^ de Moraes, Lisa (May 18, 2019). "Fran Lebowitz Apologizes After Telling Bill Maher U.S. Should Give Donald Trump To Saudis Who Killed Khashoggi". Deadline. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  66. ^ Peter Wade (May 18, 2018). "Fran Lebowitz Kinda Apologizes for Saying Saudis Should 'Get Rid of' Trump Like Khashoggi". Rolling Stone. Retrieved June 3, 2018. I did not mean that and I regret saying it.
  67. ^ Adams, Sam N., and Megan B. Prasad (October 18, 2012), "It Starts With a Drag: The Friendship of Frances A. Lebowitz and Frank Rich '71", The Harvard Crimson.
  68. ^ Schulman, Michael. "Fran Lebowitz Is Never Leaving New York". The New Yorker. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  69. ^ Clemente, Francisco (March 11, 2016). "The Voice: Fran Lebowitz". Interview Magazine. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
  70. ^ Henderson, Odie (January 8, 2021). "Pretend It's a City: movie review (2021)". RogerEbert.com. Ebert Digital LLC. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  71. ^ a b McCulloch, Sara Black (October 1, 2018). "An Interview with Fran Lebowitz". Believer Magazine. Since 1981, she has been writing her famously unfinished novel, Exterior Signs of Wealth. Ever the ironist, for nearly fifteen years Lebowitz has also been working on Progress, a critique of American life and culture.
  72. ^ Dooley, Michael (June 1, 2018). "Andy Warhol's Interview Magazine Finally Shuts Up". PRINT. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2021. Back in 2005 I'd reviewed a seven-volume set of books, titled, Andy Warhol's Interview: The Crystal Ball of Pop Culture.
  73. ^ Morris, Bob (August 10, 1994). "AT LUNCH WITH: Fran Lebowitz; Words Are Easy, Books Are Not (Published 1994)". The New York Times. Retrieved January 16, 2021. It's only in the last two years that Ms. Lebowitz has broken through an 11-year writer's block that kept her from collecting much of the large advance she received from Random House to write a novel called "Exterior Signs of Wealth," which she describes simply as "unfinished."
  74. ^ Beller, Thomas (October 11, 2002). "Interview with Fran Lebowitz". Mr. Beller's Neighborhood. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
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