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This is the current revision of this page, as edited by 68.145.177.109 (talk) at 20:56, 7 August 2024 (Changed Montaberry to the correct spelling of Mentaberry). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.

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"Pic-nic" redirects here. For the meal, see picnic. For other uses, see Picnic (disambiguation).
"Pic Nic" redirects here. For the railway station, see Pic Nic railway station.
For the Russian band, see Picnic (band).

Pic-Nic
Pic-Nic in 1968
Background information
Also known as
  • Pic Nic
  • Picnic
OriginBarcelona, Spain
Genres
Years active1966 (1966)–c. 1969 (1969)
LabelsHispavox
Past members

Pic-Nic was a Spanish teenage folk-pop and sunshine pop band formed in Barcelona in the mid-to-late 1960s, composed of lead singer Jeanette, guitarists Toti Soler and Al Cárdenas, drummer Jordi Barangé and bassist Isidoro "Doro" de Mentaberry. Although keyboardist Jordi Sabatés is often mentioned as a member of the band, he does not appear on any of the group's releases, having joined after their only published recording sessions had taken place. Pic-Nic was the successor to the short-lived group Brenner's Folk, originally founded by German-Venezuelan brothers Haakon and Vytas Brenner together with Soler, Barangé and Jeanette, an English girl who had recently moved to Spain after being raised in the United States. After releasing a four-song extended play for the label Edigsa in 1966, the Brenner brothers left the band, being replaced by Cárdenas and de Mentaberry.

With this new formation and after signing to major label Hispavox, the group changed its name to Pic-Nic and released their lead single, the Jeanette-penned "Cállate niña", in late 1967. The record was a big hit during the spring of 1968, remaining on the top of the Spanish singles chart for ten consecutive weeks. The success of the song led to it being recorded in English for the international market as an EP alongside three other tracks. Throughout 1968, the band released two more singles—"Amanecer" and "Me olvidarás"—as well as their first and only self-titled studio album. Most of Pic-Nic's songs were written by Jeanette with the aid of Rafael Turia, a radioman who managed the band. Famous producer Rafael Trabucchelli was in charge of the records' arrangements, which moved the group's original compositions away from a strictly folk style.

Pic-Nic soon broke up due to Jeanette's departure and the differences between Soler's vision and Hispavox's demands. In 1969, the label reissued their only album with a new track listing under the title Cállate niña. Following the group's dissolution, Soler formed the progressive rock band Om, enlisting de Mentaberry and Sabatés. On the other hand, Jeanette was recontacted by Hispavox and launched a successful solo career as a balladeer with the single "Soy rebelde" in 1971. Pic-Nic has since attained cult status and are celebrated for their California sound that set them apart from other local groups of their time. Their only full-length record was reissued in 2011 and has appeared in various critics' lists for the best Spanish pop music albums of all time.

History

[edit]

Origins as Brenner's Folk

[edit]
"Clara lluna"
Part of Brenner's Folk's four song EP, the Catalan-language "Clara lluna" was fifteen-year-old Jeanette's first appearance as a recording artist and a stylistic antecedent of Pic-Nic, with a folk-pop influence and lyrics that revolve around nature.[1]
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After moving to Barcelona, the German-born Venezuelan brothers Haakon and Vytas Brenner formed the Vytas Brenner Quartet together with guitarist Toti Soler and drummer Jordi Barangé.[2] Soler and Barangé had previously been part of Els Xerracs, a band influenced by the Shadows that released its only EP in 1965.[3] A neighbor of the Brenner brothers introduced the group to fifteen-year-old Jeanette, who played guitar and had written a few songs, among them "Cállate niña".[2] Jeanette was born in London and spent her childhood in Los Angeles until her parents' 1962 divorce, at which point she moved with her Spanish mother to Barcelona,[4] bringing with her a musical taste for Californian folk rock.[5] The band connected with Jeanette's sound and incorporated her as a singer, changing the group's name to Brenner's Folk, since they were no longer a quartet.[6][7] She told OC Weekly in 2017: "They loved that kind of music, that kind of music over here in Spain was completely unknown. It was new, it was something people didn't hear of before."[6] The band rehearsed in the large, wooden basement of an old pharmacy located on Via Laietana avenue, which they soundproofed with egg cartons.[8][9]

In 1966, Brenner's Folk released their first and only extended play (EP) on the Nova Cançó record label Edigsa, which included four songs sung in Catalan: "Daurat oest", "Ho sé", "Clara lluna" and "Amor perdut".[2][10] The release featured cover art by designer Jordi Fornás,[2] and liner notes written by Jordi García-Soler that declared the influence of American folk music in the group and explained more about the genre.[10] The EP was not commercially successful but today is regarded as a rarity that is highly valued by record collectors.[1] It was remastered and reissued for the first time by Barcelonian label Wah Wah Records in 2018.[11]

Breakthrough with "Cállate niña"

[edit]

Shortly after the release of their EP, the Brenner family decided to return to Venezuela and the rest of the band replaced them with Al Cárdenas and Isidoro "Doro" de Montaberry.[7][12] This new iteration of Brenner's Folk was introduced to Madrid-based major label Hispavox thanks to Rafael Turia, a radioman at Barcelona's Radio Juventud that they had befriended and became their band manager.[5][12] According to Lafonoteca's Roberto Macho, Turia was in charge of adapting the group's songs to Spanish.[7] Pic-Nic recorded a demo at Radio Juventud's studios that greatly impressed the Hispavox's Rafael Trabucchelli,[5][12] who thought it was an American group.[7][12] Trabucchelli was a pioneer of music production in Spain and "one of the most influential figures in Spanish music between 1965 and 1975".[13][14] While working for Hispavox, he developed the "characteristic lush sound" of the record label, which resulted from "sophisticated orchestral arrangements and studio wizardy".[15] He is now described as the "Spanish Phil Spector", and his Wall of Sound production style is known as the "Torrelaguna Sound", named after the Torrelaguna Street in Madrid, where Hispavox Studios was based.[15]

Trabucchelli flew the band to Madrid, signed them to Hispavox and changed their name to Pic-Nic for commercial reasons,[7] as Brenner's Folk was too foreign of a name for Spanish audiences and the eponymous Brenners were no longer part of the group.[12] "Cállate niña" was released as their debut single in November 1967.[16] To promote the release, Pic-Nic appeared at the TVE program Tele Ritmo in Madrid.[17] The single was a big hit and charted at the top spot of the national charts for ten consecutive weeks,[5][18] becoming one of the most listened to songs in Spain during the spring of 1968[19] and the second best-selling single of the year in the country.[20] After the success of their second single, "Amanecer" (backed by "No digas nada"), they got to record Pic-Nic, which would be their only LP record.[5] In the United States, the album was released under the title Cállate niña by United Artists Records' subsidiary UA International.[21] A review in Cashbox described it as "a most charming album, filled with sparkling, fresh lilting sounds".[22] "Me olvidarás" was the band's last single, released in August 1968.[23] The band also released the English-language EP Hush, Little Baby, which included versions of the songs that were on their first single, plus adaptations of "No digas nada" ("Blamin's Not Hard To Do") and "Música" ("You Heard My Voice").[24][25] By September 1968, Billboard reported that Pic-Nic would undergo a South American tour, though it never took place.[26] The band took part in the film Agáchate, que disparan, starring Pili and Mili, which was filmed in 1968 and released on March 10, 1969.[27]

Keyboardist Jordi Sabatés does not appear in any of Pic-Nic's releases, as he joined the band in its "second stage", although he did take part in later recording sessions that remain unreleased.[28] He joined because of his close friendship with Toti Soler, with whom he shared musical tastes. Sabatés told Radio 3's José Miguel López in 2017: "We used to figure out João Gilberto's bossa novas that drove us crazy at that time, Oscar Peterson's solos ... We'd go down the street and sing Slam Stewart's solo on Lionel Hampton's "Stardust". Well, because of our friendship I began to play the organ in Pic-Nic. I have wonderful recordings of [the band] that are not like the cliché of "Cállate niña", but rather songs in English, similar to Peter, Paul and Mary but much more modern. It was a time that I remember with special happiness."[28]

Break-up and aftermath

[edit]

"There are two types of artists: those who adapt like chameleons to what is most convenient to earn instant money and those who want to stay true to a line, despite everything. We were only 16 to 18 years old and we didn't know exactly what we wanted. In the end, the record company got Jeanette, which is what they wanted, and the Pic-Nic group fell apart."

– Toti Soler, La Vanguardia, December 1988.[29]

Pic-Nic disbanded abruptly after Jeanette's family forced her to leave the group, as the nuns from her school alerted her mother that she was frequently missing class in order to fulfill her band obligations in Madrid.[7][12][30] The singer recalled in 2017: "she was like in a shock like 'oh my god, my daughter is number one' and of course I was traveling and singing all over Spain. My mother said 'oh no, no way, you have to study, you have to go to school' [so] she took me out of the group and she made me go to school .... In the end, there was no support from my mother. Not at all, she did not want me to sing."[6] At the same time, Soler maintained a tense relationship with Hispavox executives, as he complained that they had no control over the songs.[31] Soler was unhappy with Trabucchelli's arrangements, and wished the band had longer instrumental sections.[31]

According to La Vanguardia, the success of "Cállate niña" was such that it ended up disuniting the group, amid the pressures from the record company that wanted to continue exploiting the same "gold mine" at all costs.[29] Despite the success that the group had during its existence, there were no great economic benefits for its members; one of the reasons may be that stated by Jeanette: "We signed a contract with hardly any advice. Some businessmen also made fun of us, perhaps because they saw us as children."[7] Although Pic-Nic had already disbanded, Hispavox re-released their only studio album in 1969 under the name Cállate niña, since it was the title of their biggest hit.[7][32] They also altered the order of the songs, including four new tracks: "Palabras, sonrisas, promesas", "Música", "Soy feliz" and "Oí tu voz".[32]

After Jeanette's departure, the rest of the group briefly and unsuccessfully attempted to continue playing without her.[12] Their last period was characterized by their live performances in a nightclub on the outskirts of Barcelona called Tropical and the development of a more modern sound that foreshadowed the formation of Om.[28] The progressive rock project was founded by Soler after Pic-Nic's disbandment, together with Jordi Sabatés, Doro Montaberry and other musicians.[8] They began their career as a backing band for other artists, including María del Mar Bonet and Pau Riba, with whom they recorded the album Dioptria in 1970.[33] The following year, Om released their self-titled debut studio album on label Edigsa.[33] Months after Pic-Nic's disbandment, Jeanette graduated high school and soon moved with the Hungarian athlete Laszio Kristofe to Vienna, where they wed and had a daughter.[4][34] She was then contacted by Trabucchelli with the proposal to launch her solo career and so returned to Spain in 1971, recording the Manuel Alejandro-penned "Soy rebelde".[4][12] Jeanette initially refused to sing it, as she wanted to keep the folk style she had with Pic-Nic, but agreed at Hispavox's insistence.[12] The single was a major hit across the Spanish-speaking world, redefining her career as a world-famous romantic balladist.[34] Jeanette's 1973 debut studio album, Palabras, promesas, included three reworkings of songs originally recorded with Pic-Nic: "Amanecer", "No digas nada" and "Él es distinto a ti".[35]

Musical style

[edit]
"Cállate niña"
Unlike other singles from Hispavox, the Jeanette-penned "Cállate niña" is a departure from the dense "Torrelaguna Sound" that characterized the label, opting for a sober and acoustic style highly influenced by American folk music.[36]
"Me olvidarás"
"Me olvidarás" was Pic-Nic's last single. Its production showcases Trabucchelli's lush string arrangements, which distanced the group from a strictly folk-rock sound,[5] causing tensions with Soler.[31]
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Pic-Nic is considered an exponent of the California-styled[37] sunshine pop[38] and folk-pop genres that were popular in the United States at that time,[36] and has been defined as "a local reflection of what was heard outside [of Spain] in 1968".[39] The group's musical style was highly inspired by the contemporary folk and folk-rock sounds that came from the West Coast of the United States.[36][40][41] Some of their influences included Bob Dylan,[39] Donovan, the Mamas and the Papas and Peter, Paul and Mary.[7] However, the group was not an out-and-out folk act,[40] as producer and arranger Rafael Trabucchelli transformed their original folk ballads into something more unique.[5] Music historian Javier de Castro noted that: "[Pic-Nic's] musical proposal was reminiscent of bands such as We Five, which mixed folk themes with electric instruments which made them, musically, closer to the Beatles than to Pete Seeger."[40] Pic-Nic's music has also been considered mildly psychedelic.[42] Pepe García Lloret described Pic-Nic's music as "delicious folk-pop, with drips of blues and acid rock, ethereal arrangements and introspective themes."[43] Ignacio Juliá of La Vanguardia felt that the band's output was "always redirected to their own reality, bathed in acoustic delicacies and subtle electricity."[39] Pic-Nic's sound anticipated a style of "hippie pop" that proliferated in Spain in the 1970s, exemplified by groups such as Mi Generación, Solera, Cánovas, Adolfo, Rodrigo y Guzmán, Nuevos Horizontes con José y Manuel, Amigos, Tílburi and Agamenón, among several others.[38]

The group's output consisted of very simple songs with "sweet" melodies that barely surpassed the three-minute mark, in which Trabucchelli's arrangements stand out.[44] According to Juan Puchades, the band was characterized by its "vaporous languor".[36] Jeanette's ethereal vocals have been noted for her unique timbre—considered "child-like"—and her strong foreign accent.[45] Pic-Nic's lyrics have been described as "preadolescent",[5][39] and revolve around the theme of love, usually with a "melancholic touch".[44] They are characterized by the use of metaphors, with sunrise and summer representing the beginning of love and, as a corollary, dusk and autumn evidencing the end of a relationship.[44] Most of these songs were written by Jeanette with the aid of Rafael Turia, with a few compositions by Toti Soler and Vytas Brenner, as well as cover versions of other artists.[7][46] "Cállate niña", a Jeanette composition based on the traditional lullaby "Hush, Little Baby",[18] has been considered the song that best defines the spirit of Pic-Nic's music.[5] According to Vicente Fabuel, the track "overflows with melody despite its simplicity, and its use of triangle, harmonica and a male backing vocal provide an absolutely ghostly quality."[5]

Legacy

[edit]
Jeanette performing in 1975.

Pic-Nic has achieved cult status,[47] and has been called a "mythical" band of 1960s Spain by editor Álex Gómez-Font.[31] Roberto Macho of Lafonoteca considered their sound to be unprecedented in the country's music scene,[7] while music historian Álex Oro described it as "ahead of its time".[8] Music journalist Vicente Fabuel described their music as "something never seen before, or since, in Spain".[5] In 2020, El Confidencial considered that: "more than half a century later, [Pic-Nic's songs] are still a mainstay of Hispanic folk."[47] Efe Eme's Juan Puchades described them as a precursor of the sound of the Spanish indie pop of the second half of the 1990s, especially that of San Sebastián and its surroundings.[36] The Pic-Nic songs "Negra estrella", "Cállate niña", "Me olvidarás", "En mis noches", "Amanecer" and "No digas nada" were covered by various indie pop artists as part of Contemplaciones: Homenaje Iberoamericano a Jeanette, a tribute album dedicated to Jeanette released by Lima-based independent record label Plastilina Records on October 2, 2015.[48][49]

The band's only studio album has appeared in various critics' lists since the 2000s. In 2003, Efe Eme placed it at number 37 in its list of "The 100 Best Albums of Spanish Pop Music".[50] Rockdelux ranked it number 81 in its 2004 special feature of "The 100 Best Spanish Albums of the 20th Century".[51] Music journalists Tito Lesende and Fernando Neira included the album in their 2007 book of "201 albums to get hooked on Spanish pop-rock".[52] In 2020, it appeared in an El País list of "15 record gems of Spanish pop-rock released in the sixties", which includes albums that "laid the foundation of pop music in [Spain]".[53] Pic-Nic was re-released as a limited edition LP record in 2011 by ViNiLiSSSiMO, a reissue subsidiary of Spanish label Munster Records, with an inner leaflet containing liner notes written in English and Spanish by Vicente Fabuel and rare images of the band.[5]

The group's biggest hit "Cállate niña" is regarded as a classic of Spanish pop music.[36] In 2014, Diariocrítico.com placed it at number 8 on its list of the 100 best songs of Spanish pop.[18] Chilean pop singer Javiera Mena, who has cited Jeannete as one of her biggest influences,[54] covered Pic-Nic's "Negra estrella" in 2007.[55]

Discography

[edit]

Studio albums

[edit]
  • Pic-Nic (1968) [Reissued as Cállate niña in 1969]

EPs

[edit]
  • Hush, Little Baby (1968)

Singles

[edit]
Year Titles Peak position (Spain)
1967 "Cállate niña" / "Negra estrella" 1[56]
1968 "Amanecer" / "No digas nada" 7[57]
"Me olvidarás" / "Él es distinto a ti" —
"—" denotes releases that did not chart.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Macho, Roberto (December 20, 2014). "Disco: Daurat Oest / Ho Sé / Clara Lluna / Amor Perdut" (in Spanish). Lafonoteca. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d Macho, Roberto (December 20, 2014). "Biografía de Brenner's Folk" (in Spanish). Lafonoteca. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  3. ^ Macho, Roberto (April 4, 2017). "Biografía de Els Xerracs" (in Spanish). Lafonoteca. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c Miguel de los Santos, Jeanette (25 August 1981). Retrato en vivo (talk show) (in Spanish). Spain: Televisión Española. RTVE. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Fabuel, Vicente (2011). Pic-Nic (Media notes). Pic-Nic. Spain: ViNiLiSSSiMO. Munster Records. MR-SSS-20.
  6. ^ a b c Tristan, Frank John (August 17, 2017). "Spanish Singer Jeanette Came Straight Outta La Habra and Now She's Coming Back to Cali". OC Weekly. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Macho, Roberto (March 19, 2008). "Biografía de Pic-Nic" (in Spanish). Lafonoteca. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  8. ^ a b c Oró, Àlex (2001). La legión extranjera: foráneos en la España musical de los sesenta (in Spanish). Editorial Milenio. pp. 99–101. ISBN 978-8497430142.
  9. ^ Ortiz, Carlos (September 24, 2009). "Jeanette: "Soy más rebelde ahora que cuando hice la canción"". El Periódico Extremadura (in Spanish). Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  10. ^ a b García-Soler, Jordi (1966). "Daurat oest" / "Ho sé" / "Clara lluna" / "Amor perdut" (7-inch record) (in Catalan). Brenner's Folk. Spain: Edigsa. CM 133.
  11. ^ Brenner's Folk (2018) [1966]. Daurat Oest (7-inch record). Spain. EPS 205.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i José María Íñigo, Jeanette (2008). La entrevista. Las canciones de tu vida, 1981 (1) (DVD) (in Spanish). Ediciones del Prado.
  13. ^ Neira, Fernando (October 2, 2006). "Rafael Trabuchelli, pionero de la producción musical en España". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved October 31, 2017.
  14. ^ "Fallece Rafael Trabuchelli, pionero de la producción musical". El Norte de Castilla (in Spanish). Grupo Vocento. October 3, 2006. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  15. ^ a b Corona, Ignacio; Madrid, Alejandro L. (December 28, 2017). Postnational Musical Identities: Cultural Production, Distribution, and Consumption in a Globalized Scenario. Lexington Books. p. 68. ISBN 978-0739118221.
  16. ^ "Novedades de la semana". ABC (in Spanish). November 20, 1967. p. 57. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
  17. ^ Revert, Rafael (December 9, 1967). "From the Music Capitals of the World: Madrid". Billboard. Vol. 79, no. 49. Nielsen Business Media. p. 82. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  18. ^ a b c Ariza Lázaro, Sergio (May 21, 2014). "Las 100 mejores canciones del pop español (Del 100 al 91)" (in Spanish). Diariocrítico.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  19. ^ Muniesa, Mariano (May 6, 2018). "¿Qué escuchabas tú en el 68?". La Región (in Spanish). Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  20. ^ Ríos, Santiago (August 31, 2011). "La música del 68" (in Spanish). Castellón de la Plana: elperiodic.com. Editorial Digital. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  21. ^ UA Latino Issues 2 LP's; 2 Albums From UA Int'l. Vol. 30. Cash Box Pub. Co. September 7, 1968. p. 34. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  22. ^ Pop Best Bets. Vol. 30. Cash Box Pub. Co. September 14, 1968. p. 40. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  23. ^ "Novedades de la semana". ABC (in Spanish). August 3, 1968. p. 24. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
  24. ^ Macho, Roberto (March 19, 2008). "Disco: Hush, Little Baby" (in Spanish). Lafonoteca. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  25. ^ Hush, Little Baby (7-inch record). Pic-Nic. Portugal: Alvorada Internacional. EP-11-133.{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  26. ^ Revert, Rafael (September 28, 1968). "From the Music Capitals of the World: Madrid". Billboard. Vol. 80, no. 39. Nielsen Business Media. p. 66. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  27. ^ "Agáchate, que disparan" (in Spanish). Catálogo de Películas ICAA. Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
  28. ^ a b c José Miguel López, Jordi Sabatés (March 23, 2017). Discópolis 9693 - Jordi Sabatés - 23/03/2017. Discópolis (in Spanish). Madrid: Radio 3. RTVE. Event occurs at 10:00. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  29. ^ a b Mallofré, Albert (December 16, 1988). "Toti Soler presentará su último disco, "Supernova", en el Mercat de les Flors". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). p. 62. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  30. ^ Nieto, Jessica (March 15, 2020). "Jeanette: "Sigo sintiendo mariposas en el estómago antes de cada concierto"". El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  31. ^ a b c d Gómez-Font, Álex (2013). "Cataluña y el rock". In Mora, Kiko; Viñuela, Eduardo (eds.). Rock around Spain: Historia, industria, escenas y medios de comunicación (in Spanish). Universitat de Lleida. pp. 127–129. ISBN 9788484096245. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  32. ^ a b Macho, Roberto (March 18, 2008). "Disco: Cállate, Niña (reedición)" (in Spanish). Lafonoteca. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  33. ^ a b Macho, Roberto (November 1, 2010). "Biografía de Om" (in Spanish). Lafonoteca. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  34. ^ a b Molero, Julián (September 18, 2010). "Biografía de Jeanette" (in Spanish). Lafonoteca. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  35. ^ Jeanette (1973). Palabras, promesas (LP record). Spain: Hispavox. HHS 11-241.
  36. ^ a b c d e f Puchades, Juan (October 30, 2008). "Delicias a 45 RPM: Pic-Nic" (in Spanish). Efe Eme. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  37. ^ Cabrerizo, Felipe (April 28, 2019). "Jeanette, la cantante de la voz de seda". El Diario Montañés (in Spanish). Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  38. ^ a b Mundo, Félix; Mr. Toytown (2007). "Soft-pop en España: la recuperación de un tesoro perdido". Papagayo! (The Spanish Sunshine Pop & Popsike Collection) (liner notes) (in Spanish). Various artists. Spain: Toytown Recordings. TT5000.
  39. ^ a b c d Juliá, Ignacio (July 6, 2011). "Reflejos del 68". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). p. 29. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  40. ^ a b c Castro, Javier de (2011). ́Ens calen cançons d ́ara ́. Retrospectiva sobre la Nova Cançó a 50 anys vista (in Catalan). Universitat de Lleida. p. 136. ISBN 978-8484093718. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  41. ^ Alonso, Sebas E. (October 19, 2019). "10 discos que escuchar si te ha gustado el debut de Amaia" (in Spanish). Jenesaispop. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  42. ^ Garrigós, Jordi (April 26, 2020). "Ovidi Montllor, les seves 'viudes' el recorden". Magazín Diumenge. Ara (in Catalan). Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  43. ^ García Lloret, Pepe (2005). Psicodelia, hippies y underground en España (1965-1980) (in Spanish). Spain: Sociedad General de Autores y Editores. pp. 89–90. ISBN 978-8480486927.
  44. ^ a b c Macho, Roberto (March 14, 2008). "Disco: Pic-Nic" (in Spanish). Lafonoteca. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  45. ^ Castro, Alejandro (March 30, 2021). "Jeanette: genio y figura". El Sol de México (in Spanish). Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  46. ^ Pic-Nic (1968). Pic-Nic (LP record). Spain: Hispavox. HHS 11-157.
  47. ^ a b Madrid, José (June 23, 2020). "Jeanette, una rebelde con cara de niña casada con su amor de juventud". Vanitatis. El Confidencial (in Spanish). Retrieved October 4, 2020.
  48. ^ ""Contemplaciones" (audio)". Rockdelux (in Spanish). September 28, 2015. Archived from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved June 22, 2021.
  49. ^ "MÚSICA: cuando el indie pop conoció a Jeanette [VIDEOS]" (in Spanish). Pasatiempo. September 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2021.
  50. ^ "Los 100 mejores discos del pop español". Efe Eme. No. 50. July–August 2003.
  51. ^ "Los 100 mejores discos españoles del siglo XX". Rockdelux. No. 223. November 2004.
  52. ^ Lesende, Tito; Neira, Fernando (2007). 201 discos para engancharse al pop/rock español (in Spanish). Fundación Autor. Sociedad General de Autores y Editores. p. 58. ISBN 978-8480487207.
  53. ^ Marcos, Carlos (May 6, 2020). "Larga vida a los pioneros: 15 joyas discográficas del pop-rock español editadas en los sesenta". El País. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
  54. ^ Tahiri, Javier (April 7, 2015). "Javiera Mena: "Toda acción artística es política"". ABC (in Spanish). Retrieved July 9, 2021.
  55. ^ Javiera Mena - Negra estrella (SCD/14/04/07) (YouTube video). April 15, 2007. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
  56. ^ "Hits of the World: Spain". Billboard. Vol. 80, no. 10. Nielsen Business Media. March 9, 1968. p. 48. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  57. ^ "Hits of the World: Spain". Billboard. Vol. 80, no. 17. Nielsen Business Media. April 27, 1968. p. 53. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
[edit]
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