Galteland Runestone

**The Galteland Runestone**
The Galteland Runestone
Galtelandssteinen
	Runic inscription that stands at the Historical Museum, in Oslo; King Canute the Great attacked England in 1015.
Writing	Futhark
Created	11th century
Discovered	1594; Gimodam, Evje, Evje parish, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway; 58°34′50.520″N 7°47′15.216″E / 58.58070000°N 7.78756000°E
Discovered by	Thomas C. Wegner [no]
Present location	Galteland, Norway
Culture	Viking Age
Rundata ID	N 184
Text – Native
	Old Norse: Arnsteinn reisti stein þenna eptir Bjór, son sinn. Sá varð dauðr í liði, þá's Knútr sótti England. Einn er Guð.
Translation
	English: "Arnstein erected this stone after Björn, his son. He died in the army when Canute attacked England. God is one."

The Runestone of Galteland (N 184) is a runestone from the beginning of the 11th century CE, coming from Evje in the commune of Evje og Hornnes in southern Norway. Its name refers to the Galteland garden, where it was located for some time.^[1] It commemorates the expedition of the Danish king Canute the Great to England in 1015–16.^[2] It also contains one of the first references to the Christian faith in Norway.^[1]^[3]

The inscription

§A

arn[stin]

Arnsteinn

'

risti

reisti

'

stin

stein

×

þi[na]

þenna

'

iftir

eptir

'

bior

Bjór,

'

[s]un

son

'

sin

sinn.

•

[sa

Sá

'

uar]

varð

tuþr

dauðr

'

i

í

liþi

liði,

'

þ[(o)s

Þá's

'

knutr

Knútr

soti

sóðti

'

iklot]

England.

•

in

Einn

'

is

er

'

ko[þ]

Guð.

Arnstein erected this stone after Bjor, his son. He died in the army when Canute attacked England. God is one.

Bjor died during Knut's campaign in the England in 1015–16. The name Arnstein is also found on Uppland runic inscriptions 1069 [sv].

References

^ ^a ^b "Kopi av runestein (Galtelandssteinen)" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 2014-03-22. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
^ N 184 (in Swedish). Retrieved 2014-10-15.
^ Elias Wessén, Sven B.F. Jansson (1953–1958). Sweden's runic inscriptions. Volume 9, Uppland's runic inscriptions, part 4 (PDF) (in Swedish). Stockholm: KVHAA.

Sources

Biography

Sawyer, Birgit (1993). Medieval Scandinavia: from conversion to Reformation, circa 800~1500. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-1738-4. OCLC 27814729.
Spurkland, Terje (2005). Norwegian runes and runic inscriptions. Boydell Press. ISBN 1-84383-186-4. OCLC 62465461.

[digitaltmuseum-1] "Kopi av runestein (Galtelandssteinen)" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 2014-03-22. Retrieved 2014-10-15.

[christerhamp-2] N 184 (in Swedish). Retrieved 2014-10-15.

[sri1-3] Elias Wessén, Sven B.F. Jansson (1953–1958). Sweden's runic inscriptions. Volume 9, Uppland's runic inscriptions, part 4 (PDF) (in Swedish). Stockholm: KVHAA.

[1]

[2]

[3]