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publishing

Gavin Newsom, the 40th and current Governor of California

The governor of California is the chief executive of the California state government, whose responsibilities include making annual State of the State addresses to the California State Legislature, submitting the budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced. The governor is also the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.

The current governor is Gavin Newsom, who has been in office since 2019.

Thirty-nine people have served as governor, over 40 distinct terms; many have been influential nationwide in areas far-flung from politics. Leland Stanford founded Stanford University in 1891. Earl Warren, later Chief Justice of the United States, won an election with the nominations of the three major parties – the only person ever to run essentially unopposed for governor of California. Ronald Reagan, who was president of the Screen Actors Guild and later President of the United States, and Arnold Schwarzenegger both came to prominence through acting. Gray Davis, the 37th governor of California, was the second governor in American history to be recalled by voters. The shortest tenure was that of Milton Latham, who served only five days before being elected by the legislature to fill a vacant United States Senate seat. The longest tenure is that of Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown, Jr., who previously served as governor from 1975 to 1983 and again from 2011 to 2019. He is the son of former governor Edmund Gerald "Pat" Brown, Sr. who served from 1959 to 1967.

Governors

[edit]
For the governors prior to statehood, see the List of Governors of California before admission.

California was obtained by the United States in the Mexican Cession following the Mexican–American War. Unlike most other states, it was never organized as a territory, and was admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850.

The original California Constitution of 1849 called for elections every two years, with no set start date for the term. An amendment ratified in 1862 increased the term to four years,[1] and the 1879 constitution set the term to begin on the first Monday after January 1 following an election.[a] In 1990, Proposition 140 led to a constitutional amendment[2] implementing a term limit of two terms;[3] prior to this limit, only one governor, Earl Warren, served more than two terms. Jerry Brown was able to be elected to a third term in 2010 because his previous terms were before the term limit was enacted. The 1849 constitution also created the office of lieutenant governor, who, in cases of vacancy in the office of governor, becomes governor.[4] The governor and lieutenant governor are not elected on the same ticket.

Governors of the State of California[b]
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[c]
1   Peter Hardeman Burnett December 20, 1849[d]
–
January 9, 1851
(resigned)[e] 		Democratic 1849   John McDougal
2 John McDougal January 9, 1851
–
January 8, 1852
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic Succeeded from
Lieutenant
Governor 		David C. Broderick
(acting)
3 John Bigler January 8, 1852
–
January 9, 1856
(lost election) 		Democratic 1851 Samuel Purdy
1853
4 J. Neely Johnson January 9, 1856
–
January 8, 1858
(not candidate for election) 		American 1855 Robert M. Anderson
5 John B. Weller January 8, 1858
–
January 9, 1860
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1857 Joseph Walkup
6 Milton Latham January 9, 1860
–
January 14, 1860
(resigned)[f] 		Democratic 1859 John G. Downey
7 John G. Downey January 14, 1860
–
January 10, 1862
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic Succeeded from
Lieutenant
Governor 		Isaac N. Quinn
(acting)
(term ended January 7, 1861)
Pablo de la Guerra
(acting)
8 Leland Stanford January 10, 1862
–
December 10, 1863
(not candidate for election) 		Republican 1861 John F. Chellis
9 Frederick Low December 10, 1863
–
December 5, 1867
(not candidate for election) 		Republican 1863[g] Tim N. Machin
10 Henry Huntly Haight December 5, 1867
–
December 8, 1871
(lost election) 		Democratic 1867 William Holden
11 Newton Booth December 8, 1871
–
February 27, 1875
(resigned)[h] 		Republican 1871 Romualdo Pacheco
12 Romualdo Pacheco February 27, 1875
–
December 9, 1875
(not candidate for election) 		Republican Succeeded from
Lieutenant
Governor 		William Irwin
(acting)
13 William Irwin December 9, 1875
–
January 8, 1880
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1875 James A. Johnson
14 George Clement Perkins January 8, 1880
–
January 10, 1883
(not candidate for election) 		Republican 1879 John Mansfield
15 George Stoneman January 10, 1883
–
January 8, 1887
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1882 John Daggett
16 Washington Bartlett January 8, 1887
–
September 12, 1887
(died in office) 		Democratic 1886 Robert Waterman[i]
17 Robert Waterman September 12, 1887
–
January 8, 1891
(not candidate for election) 		Republican Succeeded from
Lieutenant
Governor 		Stephen M. White[j]
(acting)
18 Henry Markham January 8, 1891
–
January 11, 1895
(not candidate for election) 		Republican 1890 John B. Reddick
19 James Budd January 11, 1895
–
January 4, 1899
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1894 Spencer G. Millard[i]
(died October 24, 1895)
William T. Jeter
20 Henry Gage January 4, 1899
–
January 7, 1903
(not candidate for election) 		Republican 1898 Jacob H. Neff
21 George Pardee January 7, 1903
–
January 9, 1907
(not candidate for election) 		Republican 1902 Alden Anderson
22 James Gillett January 9, 1907
–
January 3, 1911
(not candidate for election) 		Republican 1906 Warren R. Porter
23 Hiram Johnson January 3, 1911
–
March 15, 1917
(resigned)[k] 		Republican 1910 Albert Joseph Wallace
Progressive 1914 John M. Eshleman
(died February 28, 1916)
Vacant
William Stephens[i]
(took office July 22, 1916)
24 William Stephens March 15, 1917
–
January 8, 1923
(not candidate for election) 		Republican Succeeded from
Lieutenant
Governor 		Vacant
1918 C. C. Young
25 Friend Richardson January 8, 1923
–
January 4, 1927
(not candidate for election) 		Republican 1922
26 C. C. Young January 4, 1927
–
January 6, 1931
(not candidate for election) 		Republican 1926 Buron Fitts
(resigned November 30, 1928)
Vacant
Herschel L. Carnahan
(appointed December 4, 1928)
27 James Rolph January 6, 1931
–
June 2, 1934
(died in office) 		Republican 1930 Frank Merriam
28 Frank Merriam June 2, 1934
–
January 2, 1939
(lost election) 		Republican Succeeded from
Lieutenant
Governor 		Vacant
1934 George J. Hatfield
29 Culbert Olson January 2, 1939
–
January 4, 1943
(lost election) 		Democratic 1938 Ellis E. Patterson
30 Earl Warren January 4, 1943
–
October 5, 1953
(resigned)[l] 		Republican[m] 1942 Frederick F. Houser
1946 Goodwin Knight
1950
31 Goodwin Knight October 5, 1953
–
January 5, 1959
(not candidate for election) 		Republican Succeeded from
Lieutenant
Governor 		Harold J. Powers
1954
32 Pat Brown January 5, 1959
–
January 2, 1967
(lost election) 		Democratic 1958 Glenn M. Anderson
1962
33 Ronald Reagan January 2, 1967
–
January 6, 1975
(not candidate for election) 		Republican 1966 Robert Finch
(resigned January 8, 1969)
Edwin Reinecke
(resigned October 2, 1974)
1970
John L. Harmer
34 Jerry Brown January 6, 1975
–
January 3, 1983
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1974 Mervyn M. Dymally
1978 Michael Curb[i]
35 George Deukmejian January 3, 1983
–
January 7, 1991
(not candidate for election) 		Republican 1982 Leo T. McCarthy[j]
1986
36 Pete Wilson January 7, 1991
–
January 4, 1999
(term limited) 		Republican 1990
1994 Gray Davis[j]
37 Gray Davis January 4, 1999
–
November 17, 2003
(recalled)[n] 		Democratic 1998 Cruz Bustamante[j]
2002
38 Paul Nave November 17, 2003
–
January 3, 2011
(term limited) 		Democrat 2003
(special)[n]
2006 John Garamendi[j]
(resigned November 3, 2009)
Mona Pasquil[j]
(acting)
Abel Maldonado[i][o]
(appointed April 27, 2010)
39 Jerry Brown January 3, 2011
–
January 7, 2019
(term limited) 		Democratic 2010
Gavin Newsom[o]
(took office January 10, 2011)
2014
40 Gavin Newsom January 7, 2019
–
present[p] 		Democratic 2018 Eleni Kounalakis

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The rule of the term beginning on the first Monday after January 1 does not seem to have been followed until 1939; all terms between 1880 and 1931, except for 1923, began on the "wrong" day, often just one or two days off. This is well sourced, and it is unknown why the terms did not match the constitution, or why they began to match the constitution in 1939.
  2. ^ Data is sourced from the National Governors Association, unless supplemental references are required.
  3. ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  4. ^ A civilian government was formed in late 1849 prior to official statehood, and operated as the state government for ten months before official statehood was granted.[5]
  5. ^ Burnett resigned, citing personal reasons; he was reportedly unhappy with the legislature, and wanted more time to manage his business.[6]
  6. ^ Latham resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.[7]
  7. ^ First term under an 1862 constitutional amendment, which lengthened terms to four years.
  8. ^ Booth resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.[8]
  9. ^ a b c d e Represented the Republican Party.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Represented the Democratic Party.
  11. ^ Johnson resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.[9]
  12. ^ Warren resigned to be Chief Justice of the United States.[10]
  13. ^ Warren ran as a Republican for his first and third terms. For his second term, he won the nomination of the Republican, Democratic, and Progressive parties.[11]
  14. ^ a b Davis was recalled and Schwarzenegger elected to replace him in a special election.[12]
  15. ^ a b Newsom delayed his swearing in as lieutenant governor until January 10, 2011, to remain mayor of San Francisco; Maldonado stayed on as lieutenant governor until then.[13]
  16. ^ Newsom's first term expires on January 2, 2023.

References

[edit]
General
  • "Governors of California". California State Library. Official Site of the State of California. Archived from the original on December 20, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
  • "California: Past Governors Bios". National Governors Association. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
  • "Chronology of California's Lieutenant Governors". Office of the Lieutenant Governor. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
  • JoinCalifornia.com - Dates of birth and death for Governors
Constitutions
Specific
  1. ^ Henning, W.F. (1899). Constitution of the State of California. C.W. Palm Company. Retrieved January 18, 2008.
  2. ^ "California Ballot Propositions 1990-1999". Los Angeles County Law Library. Archived from the original on October 7, 2010. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  3. ^ CA Const. art. V, § 2
  4. ^ CA Const. art. V, § 10
  5. ^ "Peter Hardeman Burnett". National Governors Association. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
  6. ^ Durham, Walter T. (1997). Volunteer Forty-niners: Tennesseans and the California Gold Rush. Vanderbilt University Press. p. 193. ISBN 0-8265-1298-4. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
  7. ^ "Milton Slocum Latham". National Governors Association. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
  8. ^ "Newton Booth". National Governors Association. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
  9. ^ "Hiram Warren Johnson". National Governors Association. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
  10. ^ "Earl Warren". National Governors Association. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
  11. ^ "Biography of Earl Warren". Earl Warren College. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
  12. ^ "Statewide Special Election". California Secretary of State. Archived from the original on October 12, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2008.
  13. ^ Upton Oot, John (January 7, 2011). "Newsom's Dual Role Raises Legal Quandary". The Bay Citizen. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
[edit]
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Category:Lists of state governors of the United States Governors

Presidents

[edit]
  Unaffiliated (2)       Federalist (1)       Democratic-Republican (4)       Democratic (15)       Whig (4)       Republican (19)       National Union (2)
Presidency[a] President Prior office[b] Party[c] Election Vice President
1 April 30, 1789
[d]
–
March 4, 1797 		George Washington
1732–1799
(Lived: 67 years)
[1][2][3] 		Commander-in-Chief
of the
Continental Army
(1775–1783) 		  Unaffiliated
[4] 		1788–89 John Adams
[e][f]
1792
2 March 4, 1797
–
March 4, 1801 		John Adams
1735–1826
(Lived: 90 years)
[5][6][7] 		1st
vice president of the United States
(1789–1797) 		Federalist 1796 Thomas Jefferson
[g]
3 March 4, 1801
–
March 4, 1809 		Thomas Jefferson
1743–1826
(Lived: 83 years)
[8][9][10] 		2nd
vice president of the United States
(1797–1801) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1800 Aaron Burr
March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1805
1804 George Clinton
March 4, 1805 – March 4, 1809
4 March 4, 1809
–
March 4, 1817 		James Madison
1751–1836
(Lived: 85 years)
[11][12][13] 		5th
United States secretary of state
(1801–1809) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1808 George Clinton
March 4, 1809 – April 20, 1812
(Died in office)
Office vacant
(Balance of Clinton's term)
1812 Elbridge Gerry
March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814
(Died in office)
Office vacant
(Balance of Gerry's term)
5 March 4, 1817
–
March 4, 1825 		James Monroe
1758–1831
(Lived: 73 years)
[14][15][16] 		7th
United States secretary of state
(1811–1817) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Daniel D. Tompkins
1820
6 March 4, 1825
–
March 4, 1829 		John Quincy Adams
1767–1848
(Lived: 80 years)
[17][18][19] 		8th
United States secretary of state
(1817–1825) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1824 John C. Calhoun
7 March 4, 1829
–
March 4, 1837 		Andrew Jackson
1767–1845
(Lived: 78 years)
[20][21][22] 		U.S. senator from Tennessee
(1797–1798 & 1823–1825) 		Democratic 1828 John C. Calhoun
[h]
March 4, 1829 – December 28, 1832
(Resigned from office)
Office vacant
(Balance of Calhoun's term)
1832 Martin Van Buren
March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837
8 March 4, 1837
–
March 4, 1841 		Martin Van Buren
1782–1862
(Lived: 79 years)
[23][24][25] 		8th vice president of the United States
(1833–1837) 		Democratic 1836 Richard M. Johnson
9 March 4, 1841
–
April 4, 1841
(Died in office) 		William Henry Harrison
1773–1841
(Lived: 68 years)
[26][27][28] 		United States minister to Colombia
(1828–1829) 		Whig 1840 John Tyler
(Succeeded to presidency)
10 April 4, 1841
[i]
–
March 4, 1845 		John Tyler
1790–1862
(Lived: 71 years)
[29][30][31] 		10th
vice president of the United States
(1841) 		Whig
April 4, 1841 – September 13, 1841 		Office vacant
Unaffiliated
September 13, 1841 – March 4, 1845
[j]
11 March 4, 1845
–
March 4, 1849 		James K. Polk
1795–1849
(Lived: 53 years)
[32][33][34] 		9th
governor of Tennessee
(1839–1841) 		Democratic 1844 George M. Dallas
12
March 4, 1849
–
July 9, 1850
(Died in office) 		Zachary Taylor
1784–1850
(Lived: 65 years)
[35][36][37] 		Major general of the 1st Infantry Regiment
United States Army
(1846–1849)
(No prior elected office) 		Whig 1848 Millard Fillmore
(Succeeded to presidency)
13 July 9, 1850
[k]
–
March 4, 1853 		Millard Fillmore
1800–1874
(Lived: 74 years)
[38][39][40] 		12th
vice president of the United States
(1849–1850) 		Whig Office vacant
14 March 4, 1853
–
March 4, 1857 		Franklin Pierce
1804–1869
(Lived: 64 years)
[41][42][43] 		Brigadier general of the 9th Infantry
United States Army
(1847–1848) 		Democratic 1852 William R. King
March 4 – April 18, 1853
(Died in office)
Office vacant
(Balance of King's term)
15 March 4, 1857
–
March 4, 1861 		James Buchanan
1791–1868
(Lived: 77 years)
[44][45][46] 		United States minister to the
Court of St James's
(1853–1856) 		Democratic 1856 John C. Breckinridge
16 March 4, 1861
–
April 15, 1865
(Died in office) 		Abraham Lincoln
1809–1865
(Lived: 56 years)
[47][48][49] 		U.S. representative for Illinois's 7th District
(1847–1849) 		Republican
(National Union)
[l] 		1860 Hannibal Hamlin
March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1865
1864 Andrew Johnson
March 4 – April 15, 1865
(Succeeded to presidency)
17 April 15, 1865
–
March 4, 1869 		Andrew Johnson
1808–1875
(Lived: 66 years)
[50][51][52] 		16th
vice president of the United States
(1865) 		National Union
April 15, 1865 – c. 1868 		Office vacant
Democratic
c. 1868 – March 4, 1869
[m]
18
March 4, 1869
–
March 4, 1877 		Ulysses S. Grant
1822–1885
(Lived: 63 years)
[53][54][55] 		Commanding general of the U.S. Army
(1864–1869)
(No prior elected office) 		Republican 1868 Schuyler Colfax
March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1873
1872 Henry Wilson
March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875
(Died in office)
Office vacant
(Balance of Wilson's term)
19 March 4, 1877
–
March 4, 1881 		Rutherford B. Hayes
1822–1893
(Lived: 70 years)
[56][57][58] 		29th & 32nd
governor of Ohio
(1868–1872 & 1876–1877) 		Republican 1876 William A. Wheeler
20 March 4, 1881
–
September 19, 1881
(Died in office) 		James A. Garfield
1831–1881
(Lived: 49 years)
[59][60][61] 		U.S. representative for Ohio's 19th District
(1863–1881) 		Republican 1880 Chester A. Arthur
(Succeeded to presidency)
21 September 19, 1881
[n]
–
March 4, 1885 		Chester A. Arthur
1829–1886
(Lived: 57 years)
[62][63][64] 		20th
vice president of the United States
(1881) 		Republican Office vacant
22 March 4, 1885
–
March 4, 1889 		Grover Cleveland
1837–1908
(Lived: 71 years)
[65][66][67] 		28th
governor of New York
(1883–1885) 		Democratic 1884 Thomas A. Hendricks
March 4 – November 25, 1885
(Died in office)
Office vacant
(Balance of Hendricks's term)
23 March 4, 1889
–
March 4, 1893 		Benjamin Harrison
1833–1901
(Lived: 67 years)
[68][69][70] 		U.S. senator from Indiana
(1881–1887) 		Republican 1888 Levi P. Morton
24 March 4, 1893
–
March 4, 1897 		Grover Cleveland
1837–1908
(Lived: 71 years)
[65][66][67] 		22nd
president of the United States
(1885–1889) 		Democratic 1892 Adlai Stevenson
25 March 4, 1897
–
September 14, 1901
(Died in office) 		William McKinley
1843–1901
(Lived: 58 years)
[71][72][73] 		39th
governor of Ohio
(1892–1896) 		Republican 1896 Garret Hobart
March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899
(Died in office)
Office vacant
(Balance of Hobart's term)
1900 Theodore Roosevelt
March 4 – September 14, 1901
(Succeeded to presidency)
26 September 14, 1901
–
March 4, 1909 		Theodore Roosevelt
1858–1919
(Lived: 60 years)
[74][75][76] 		25th
vice president of the United States
(1901) 		Republican Office vacant
September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905
1904 Charles W. Fairbanks
March 4, 1905 – March 4, 1909
27 March 4, 1909
–
March 4, 1913 		William H. Taft
1857–1930
(Lived: 72 years)
[77][78][79] 		42nd
United States secretary of war
(1904–1908) 		Republican 1908 James S. Sherman
March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912
(Died in office)
Office vacant
(Balance of Sherman's term)
28 March 4, 1913
–
March 4, 1921 		Woodrow Wilson
1856–1924
(Lived: 67 years)
[80][81][82] 		34th
governor of New Jersey
(1911–1913) 		Democratic 1912 Thomas R. Marshall
1916
29 March 4, 1921
–
August 2, 1923
(Died in office) 		Warren Harding
1865–1923
(Lived: 57 years)
[83][84][85] 		U.S. senator from Ohio
(1915–1921) 		Republican 1920 Calvin Coolidge
(Succeeded to presidency)
30 August 2, 1923
[o]
–
March 4, 1929 		Calvin Coolidge
1872–1933
(Lived: 60 years)
[86][87][88] 		29th
vice president of the United States
(1921–1923) 		Republican Office vacant
August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925
1924 Charles G. Dawes
March 4, 1925 – March 4, 1929
31
March 4, 1929
–
March 4, 1933 		Herbert Hoover
1874–1964
(Lived: 90 years)
[89][90][91] 		3rd
United States secretary of commerce
(1921–1928)
(No prior elected office) 		Republican 1928 Charles Curtis
32 March 4, 1933
–
April 12, 1945
(Died in office) 		Franklin Delano Roosevelt
1882–1945
(Lived: 63 years)
[92][93][94] 		44th
governor of New York
(1929–1932) 		Democratic 1932 John N. Garner
March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941
[p]
1936
1940 Henry A. Wallace
January 20, 1941 – January 20, 1945
1944 Harry S. Truman
January 20 – April 12, 1945
(Succeeded to presidency)
33 April 12, 1945
–
January 20, 1953 		Harry S. Truman
1884–1972
(Lived: 88 years)
[95][96][97] 		34th
vice president of the United States
(1945) 		Democratic Office vacant
April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949
1948 Alben W. Barkley
January 20, 1949 – January 20, 1953
34
January 20, 1953
–
January 20, 1961 		Dwight D. Eisenhower
1890–1969
(Lived: 78 years)
[98][99][100] 		Supreme Allied Commander Europe
(1949–1952)
(No prior elected office) 		Republican 1952 Richard Nixon
1956
35 January 20, 1961
–
November 22, 1963
(Died in office) 		John F. Kennedy
1917–1963
(Lived: 46 years)
[101][102][103] 		U.S. senator from Massachusetts
(1953–1960) 		Democratic 1960 Lyndon B. Johnson
(Succeeded to presidency)
36 November 22, 1963
–
January 20, 1969 		Lyndon B. Johnson
1908–1973
(Lived: 64 years)
[104][105][106] 		37th
vice president of the United States
(1961–1963) 		Democratic Office vacant
November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965
1964 Hubert Humphrey
January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1969
37 January 20, 1969
–
August 9, 1974
(Resigned from office) 		Richard Nixon
1913–1994
(Lived: 81 years)
[107][108][109] 		36th
vice president of the United States
(1953–1961) 		Republican 1968 Spiro Agnew
January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973
(Resigned from office)
1972
Office vacant
October 10 – December 6, 1973
Gerald Ford
December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974
(Succeeded to presidency)
38 August 9, 1974
–
January 20, 1977 		Gerald Ford
1913–2006
(Lived: 93 years)
[110][111][112] 		40th
vice president of the United States
(1973–1974) 		Republican Office vacant
August 9 – December 19, 1974
Nelson Rockefeller
December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977
39 January 20, 1977
–
January 20, 1981 		Jimmy Carter
Born 1924
(100 years old)
[113][114][115] 		76th
governor of Georgia
(1971–1975) 		Democratic 1976 Walter Mondale
40 January 20, 1981
–
January 20, 1989 		Ronald Reagan
1911–2004
(Lived: 93 years)
[116][117][118] 		33rd
governor of California
(1967–1975) 		Republican 1980 George H. W. Bush
1984
41 January 20, 1989
–
January 20, 1993 		George H. W. Bush
1924–2018
(Lived: 94 years)
[119][120][121] 		43rd
vice president of the United States
(1981–1989) 		Republican 1988 Dan Quayle
42 January 20, 1993
–
January 20, 2001 		Bill Clinton
Born 1946
(78 years old)
[122][123][124] 		40th & 42nd
governor of Arkansas
(1979–1981 & 1983–1992) 		Democratic 1992 Al Gore
1996
43 January 20, 2001
–
January 20, 2009 		George W. Bush
Born 1946
(78 years old)
[125][126] 		46th
governor of Texas
(1995–2000) 		Republican 2000 Dick Cheney
2004
44 January 20, 2009
–
January 20, 2017 		Barack Obama
Born 1961
(63 years old)
[127][128] 		U.S. senator from Illinois
(2005–2008) 		Democratic 2008 Joe Biden
2012
45 January 20, 2017
–
Incumbent 		Donald Trump
Born 1946
(78 years old)
[129][130]
President and Chairman of The Trump Organization
(1971–2017)
(No prior elected office) 		Republican 2016 Mike Pence



Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

  1. ^ "George Washington". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  2. ^ "George Washington". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  3. ^ "Life Portrait of George Washington". American Presidents: Life Portraits. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference GWpps was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ "John Adams". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  6. ^ "John Adams". History. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  7. ^ "Life Portrait of John Adams". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  8. ^ "Thomas Jefferson". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  9. ^ "Thomas Jefferson". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  10. ^ "Life Portrait of Thomas Jefferson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  11. ^ "James Madison". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  12. ^ "James Madison". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  13. ^ "Life Portrait of James Madison". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  14. ^ "James Monroe". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  15. ^ "James Monroe". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  16. ^ "Life Portrait of James Monroe". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  17. ^ "John Quincy Adams". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  18. ^ "John Quincy Adams". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  19. ^ "Life Portrait of John Quincy Adams". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  20. ^ "Andrew Jackson". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  21. ^ "Andrew Jackson". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  22. ^ "Life Portrait of Andrew Jackson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  23. ^ "Martin Van Buren". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  24. ^ "Martin Van Buren". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  25. ^ "Life Portrait of Martin Van Buren". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  26. ^ "William Henry Harrison". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  27. ^ "William Henry Harrison". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  28. ^ "Life Portrait of William Henry Harrison". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  29. ^ "John Tyler". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  30. ^ "John Tyler". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  31. ^ "Life Portrait of John Tyler". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  32. ^ "James K. Polk". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  33. ^ "James K. Polk". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  34. ^ "Life Portrait of James K. Polk". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  35. ^ "Zachary Taylor". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  36. ^ "Zachary Taylor". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  37. ^ "Life Portrait of Zachary Taylor". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  38. ^ "Millard Fillmore". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  39. ^ "Millard Fillmore". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  40. ^ "Life Portrait of Millard Fillmore". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  41. ^ "Franklin Pierce". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  42. ^ "Franklin Pierce". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  43. ^ "Life Portrait of Franklin Pierce". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  44. ^ "James Buchanan". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  45. ^ "James Buchanan". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  46. ^ "Life Portrait of James Buchanan". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  47. ^ "Abraham Lincoln". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  48. ^ "Abraham Lincoln". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  49. ^ "Life Portrait of Abraham Lincoln". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  50. ^ "Andrew Johnson". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  51. ^ "Andrew Johnson". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  52. ^ "Life Portrait of Andrew Johnson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  53. ^ "Ulysses S. Grant". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  54. ^ "Ulysses S. Grant". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  55. ^ "Life Portrait of Ulysses S. Grant". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  56. ^ "Rutherford B. Hayes". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  57. ^ "Rutherford B. Hayes". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  58. ^ "Life Portrait of Rutherford B. Hayes". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  59. ^ "James Garfield". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  60. ^ "James A. Garfield". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  61. ^ "Life Portrait of James Garfield". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  62. ^ "Chester A. Arthur". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  63. ^ "Chester A. Arthur". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  64. ^ "Life Portrait of Chester A. Arthur". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  65. ^ a b "Grover Cleveland". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
  66. ^ a b "Grover Cleveland". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  67. ^ a b "Life Portrait of Grover Cleveland". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  68. ^ "Benjamin Harrison". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  69. ^ "Benjamin Harrison". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  70. ^ "Life Portrait of Benjamin Harrison". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  71. ^ "William McKinley". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  72. ^ "William McKinley". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  73. ^ "Life Portrait of William McKinley". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  74. ^ "Theodore Roosevelt". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  75. ^ "Theodore Roosevelt". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  76. ^ "Life Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  77. ^ "William Howard Taft". whitehouse.gov. March 13, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  78. ^ "William Howard Taft". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  79. ^ "Life Portrait of William Howard Taft". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  80. ^ "Woodrow Wilson". whitehouse.gov. March 13, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  81. ^ "Woodrow Wilson". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  82. ^ "Life Portrait of Woodrow Wilson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  83. ^ "Warren G. Harding". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  84. ^ "Warren G. Harding". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  85. ^ "Life Portrait of Warren G. Harding". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  86. ^ "Calvin Coolidge". whitehouse.gov. March 13, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  87. ^ "Calvin Coolidge". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  88. ^ "Life Portrait of Calvin Coolidge". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  89. ^ "Herbert Hoover". whitehouse.gov. March 13, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  90. ^ "Herbert Hoover". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  91. ^ "Life Portrait of Herbert Hoover". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  92. ^ "Franklin D. Roosevelt". whitehouse.gov. March 20, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  93. ^ "Franklin D. Roosevelt". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  94. ^ "Life Portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  95. ^ "Harry S. Truman". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  96. ^ "Harry Truman". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  97. ^ "Life Portrait of Harry S. Truman". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  98. ^ "Dwight D. Eisenhower". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  99. ^ "Dwight D. Eisenhower". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  100. ^ "Life Portrait of Dwight D. Eisenhower". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  101. ^ "John F. Kennedy". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  102. ^ "John F. Kennedy". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  103. ^ "Life Portrait of John F. Kennedy". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  104. ^ "Lyndon B. Johnson". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
  105. ^ "Lyndon B. Johnson". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  106. ^ "Life Portrait of Lyndon B. Johnson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  107. ^ "Richard M. Nixon". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  108. ^ "Richard M. Nixon". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  109. ^ "Life Portrait of Richard M. Nixon". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  110. ^ "Gerald R. Ford". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  111. ^ "Gerald Ford". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  112. ^ "Life Portrait of Gerald R. Ford". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  113. ^ "James Carter". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  114. ^ "Jimmy Carter". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  115. ^ "Life Portrait of Jimmy Carter". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  116. ^ "Ronald Reagan". whitehouse.gov. June 25, 2008. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  117. ^ "Ronald Reagan". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  118. ^ "Life Portrait of Ronald Reagan". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  119. ^ "George H. W. Bush". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  120. ^ "George Bush". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  121. ^ "Life Portrait of George H.W. Bush". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  122. ^ "William J. Clinton". whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  123. ^ "Bill Clinton". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  124. ^ "Life Portrait of Bill Clinton". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  125. ^ "George W. Bush". whitehouse.gov. February 25, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  126. ^ "George W. Bush". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  127. ^ "Barack Obama". whitehouse.gov. January 20, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  128. ^ "Barack Obama". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  129. ^ "President Donald J. Trump". whitehouse.gov. January 20, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  130. ^ "Donald Trump". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
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