Foothills

Foothills or piedmont are geographically defined as gradual increases in elevation at the base of a mountain range, higher hill range or an upland area. They are a transition zone between plains and low relief hills and the adjacent topographically higher mountains, hills, and uplands.^[1] Frequently foothills consist of alluvial fans, coalesced alluvial fans, and dissected plateaus.

Description

Foothills primarily border mountains, especially those which are reached through low ridges that increase in size closer and closer to the mountain,^[2] but can also border uplands and higher hills.^[3]

Examples

Areas where foothills exist, or areas commonly referred to as the foothills, include the:

Appalachian foothills in Western North Carolina and Northwestern South Carolina, USA
Sierra Nevada foothills of California, USA
Foothills of the San Gabriel Valley in Los Angeles County, California, USA
Rocky Mountain Foothills in British Columbia, Colorado, and Alberta, Canada
Silesian Foothills in Silesia, Poland
Sivalik Hills along the Himalayas in the Indian subcontinent
Catalina Foothills near Tucson, Arizona, USA
Margalla hills near the Himalayas in Pakistan
The Duars, Chos and Terai on the foothills of Himalayas (India)
The foothills around Boise in Idaho, USA
The foothills of the Dandenong Ranges in Melbourne, Australia. Generally the area from Ferntree Gully/Boronia/The Basin through to Belgrave
The foothills of the Blue Mountains in Sydney, Australia
The foothills of the Southern Alps in Mid-Canterbury, New Zealand
The Judean Foothills between the Judean Mountains and Mediterranean Coastline in Israel

Synonyms

Another word for a foothill region is "piedmont", derived from "foot of the mount" in Romance languages.^[4] The Piedmont region of Italy lies in the foothills of the Alps, and several other foothills in other parts of the world are called "piedmont", and include:

The piedmont of the United States which consists of the eastern foothills of the Appalachian Mountains.

Ecosystems of piedmonts (foothills) are often known as submontane zones, relating to the higher montane ecosystems.

References

^ Easterbrook, Don J. (1999). Surface Processes and Landforms (second ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. p. 530. ISBN 978-0-13-860958-0.
^ Juanico, Meliton B.; Agno, Lydia N. Physical Geography. Goodwill Trading Co., Inc. p. 113. ISBN 978-971-12-0113-5.
^ "foothill". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
^ "piedmont". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

[1] Easterbrook, Don J. (1999). Surface Processes and Landforms (second ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. p. 530. ISBN 978-0-13-860958-0.

[2] Juanico, Meliton B.; Agno, Lydia N. Physical Geography. Goodwill Trading Co., Inc. p. 113. ISBN 978-971-12-0113-5.

[Merriam-Webster-3] "foothill". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 9 April 2016.

[4] "piedmont". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

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