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IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line

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Not to be confused with BMT Broadway Line.

IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line
"1" train"2" train"3" train
The 1, 2, and 3, which use the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line through Midtown Manhattan, are colored red.
Overview
OwnerCity of New York
Termini
Stations44
Service
TypeRapid transit
SystemNew York City Subway
Operator(s)New York City Transit Authority
Daily ridership772,083 (south of 96th Street)
230,318 (north of 96th Street) (2023, weekday)[a]
History
Opened1904–1919
Technical
Number of tracks1–4
Character
  • Underground (Brooklyn and most of Manhattan)
  • Elevated (125th Street and North of Inwood)
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Electrification625V DC third rail
Route map

Legend
 Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street
240th Street Yard
 238th Street
231st Street
Marble Hill–225th Street
Metro-North Hudson Line
Harlem River via Broadway Bridge
 215th Street
207th Street Yard
207th Street
Eighth Avenue Line
 Dyckman Street
191st Street
181st Street
Eighth Avenue Line
 168th Street
157th Street
145th Street
137th Street Yard
137th Street–City College
125th Street
116th Street–Columbia University
Cathedral Parkway–110th Street
103rd Street
Lenox Avenue Line
 96th Street
91st Street (closed 1959)
 86th Street
79th Street
72nd Street
66th Street–Lincoln Center
Eighth Avenue Line
 59th Street–Columbus Circle
Sixth Avenue Line
53rd Street Line
 50th Street
(Broadway Line)
42nd Street Shuttle
Flushing Line
 Times Square–42nd Street
34th Street–Penn Station
Penn Station (Northeast Corridor)
 28th Street
23rd Street
18th Street
14th Street
Canarsie Line
Sixth Avenue Line
Eighth Avenue Line
 Christopher Street–Sheridan Square
Houston Street
Canal Street
Franklin Street
Chambers Street
Chambers Street
 Park Place
World Trade Center
Broadway Line
Lexington Avenue Line
Nassau Street Line
WTC Cortlandt
 Rector Street
Eighth Avenue Line
 Fulton Street
Wall Street
South Ferry loops
 South Ferry
(Staten Island)
South Ferry (closed 2017)
Joralemon Street Tunnel │ Clark Street Tunnel
under the East River
 Clark Street
Borough Hall
Eastern Parkway Line
Legend
 Express station
Local station
Closed station
This diagram:

The IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line (also known as the IRT Seventh Avenue Line or the IRT West Side Line) is a New York City Subway line. It is one of several lines that serves the A Division, stretching from South Ferry in Lower Manhattan north to Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street in Riverdale, Bronx.[2] The Brooklyn Branch, known as the Wall and William Streets Branch during construction,[3][4] from the main line at Chambers Street southeast through the Clark Street Tunnel to Borough Hall in Downtown Brooklyn, is also part of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line.[5] The IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line is the only line to have elevated stations in Manhattan, with two short stretches of elevated track at 125th Street and between Dyckman and 225th Streets.

The line was constructed in two main portions by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT), a private operator. The first portion, north of 42nd Street, was opened between 1904 and 1908, and is part of the first subway line in the city. The line ran from City Hall, up the Lexington Avenue Line, across 42nd Street, and up Seventh Avenue and Broadway, before splitting into the Broadway Branch and the Lenox Avenue Line. The second portion of the line, that south of 42nd Street, was constructed as part of the Dual Contracts, which were signed between the IRT, the New York Municipal Railway (a subsidiary of the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company), and the City of New York. Among the various subway lines that were to be constructed as part of the contracts, the West Side Line was to be extended south along Seventh Avenue to serve Manhattan's West Side.

This extension extended service to the end of Lower Manhattan and into Brooklyn, relieving crowding on the East Side Line, while opening up service to new areas. The Pennsylvania Railroad's new hub in Manhattan, Penn Station, could now be accessed by the subway. Additionally, Manhattan's West Side was rebuilt with the arrival of the line. To allow the wide four-track line to go through the area, new streets had to be mapped and built, and new buildings were constructed as a result. Capacity on the IRT's subway system doubled, increasing its usage.

Since the line opened, service patterns have been streamlined. Originally, express and local trains ran to both the Broadway Branch and to the Lenox Avenue Line, resulting in delays. As part of a rebuilding of the line in the late 1950s, all local trains were sent up the Broadway Branch, and all express trains were sent up the Lenox Avenue Line. Accompanying these changes were the lengthening of platforms, new subway cars, and the closing of the 91st Street station. One other major change in service was the implementation of skip-stop service on the 1 and 9 trains in 1989, but this was discontinued in 2005 as few people benefited. The Cortlandt Street station, destroyed following the September 11 attacks, was completely rebuilt and reopened in September 2018 as WTC Cortlandt. The original South Ferry station, a five-car balloon loop, was also replaced with a two-track terminal in 2009; the new South Ferry terminal was rebuilt in 2017 after being flooded during Hurricane Sandy in 2012.

Description

[edit]
50th Street, one of the line's original stations

Also known as the IRT West Side Line,[6] since it runs along the west side of Manhattan, the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line runs from Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street in the Bronx, close to New York City's border with Westchester, to South Ferry in Lower Manhattan, at the southernmost point in the borough. Along the way, the line serves places such as Times Square, Lincoln Center, Columbia University, and the City College of New York.[7] The portion of the line north of 42nd Street was built as part of the first subway in New York in 1904.[8]: 162–191 

Train services that use the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line are colored red on subway signage and literature.[9] The line is served by the 1, ​2, and ​3 trains, which operate together over much of the line. Between 1989 and 2005, the 1 train operated as a skip-stop service in Upper Manhattan in tandem with the 9. The 1 and 9 alternated skipping stops along the line, with some stops having both trains stop. This was intended to speed commutes without having to have express service run down the line. This service was discontinued after May 27, 2005; from 1994 onward, this skip-stop separation existed only during rush hours.[10][11]

A third track along much of the line north of 96th Street has been used in the past for peak direction express service, at least between 96th Street and 137th Street.[12] This center track is currently used only during construction reroutes. There is another unused third track between Dyckman Street and Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street. Three yards have connections to the line. The 240th Street Yard is located between Van Cortlandt Park-242nd Street and 238th Street. This yard holds 21 layup tracks and can hold the entire rolling stock for the 1. The next yard, 207th Street Yard holds a few trains that are used during rush hours and cleans and overhauls some of the line's fleet. Finally, the 137th Street Yard has six tracks, which hold rush hour turn-around trains.[13]

Where the Brooklyn Branch ends at its southern end is unclear. In a 1981 list of "most deteriorated subway stations", the MTA listed Borough Hall and Clark Street stations as part of the IRT New Lots Line.[14] However, as of 2007, emergency exit signs label Borough Hall as an IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line station, and the two parts of Borough Hall are signed as being along the Broadway–Seventh Avenue and IRT Eastern Parkway Lines. At Borough Hall, the chaining designations, "K" (Clark Street Tunnel) and "M" (Joralemon Street Tunnel), which are used to precisely specify locations in the system, join and become "E" (Eastern Parkway Line) at Borough Hall.[13]

Clark Street Tunnel

[edit]
Emergency exit, Furman Street, Brooklyn
1915 Seventh Avenue subway collapse with car fallen in tunnel

The Clark Street Tunnel carries the 2 and ​3 trains under the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. It was opened for revenue service on Tuesday, April 15, 1919, relieving crowding on the Joralemon Street Tunnel and providing passengers with a direct route between Brooklyn and the west side of Manhattan.[15][16] It is about 5,900 feet (1,800 m) long, with about 3,100 feet (940 m) underwater.[17]

Booth & Flinn Ltd. and the O'Rourke Engineering Construction Company received a $6.47 million contract in July 1914 to build a tunnel between Old Slip in Manhattan and Clark Street in Brooklyn.[18] Construction of the tunnel began on October 12, 1914, using a tunneling shield in conjunction with compressed air. The tunnel was designed by civil engineer Clifford Milburn Holland, who later served as the first chief engineer of the Holland Tunnel.[19][20] Five hundred men, working in several shifts, excavated the tubes for 24 hours a day.[21] The north tube was holed through on November 28, 1916,[22][23] followed by the south tube on December 19 of the same year.[24][25]

On December 28, 1990, an electrical fire in the Clark Street Tunnel trapped passengers on a subway train for over half an hour. The fire killed two people and injured 149 others.[26]

History

[edit]

Contracts 1 and 2

[edit]
For further information on the construction of the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line's initial sections, see Early history of the IRT subway § History.

Operation of the first subway began on October 27, 1904, with the opening of all stations from City Hall to 145th Street on the West Side Branch.[8]: 162–191 [27][28] The line was mostly underground, except for the section surrounding 125th Street, which ran across the elevated Manhattan Valley Viaduct to cross a deep valley there.[29] Service was extended to 157th Street on November 12, 1904, as that station's opening had been delayed because of painting and plastering work.[30] The West Side Branch was extended northward to a temporary terminus at 221st Street and Broadway on March 12, 1906, served by shuttle trains operating between 157th Street and 221st Street.[31] However, only the Dyckman Street, 215th Street, and 221st Street stations opened on that date as the other stations were not yet completed.[32][33] The 168th Street station opened on April 14, 1906.[32][34] The 181st Street station opened on May 30, 1906, and on that date express trains on the Broadway branch began running through to 221st Street, eliminating the need to transfer at 157th Street to shuttles.[35] The station at 207th Street was completed in 1906, but since it was located in a sparsely occupied area, it did not open until April 1, 1907.[32][33][36] The original system as included in Contract 1 was completed on January 14, 1907, when trains started running across the Harlem Ship Canal on the Broadway Bridge to 225th Street, and the nearby 221st Street station was closed.[33]

A 1 train in service departing 125th Street along part of the route of the Original Subway.

Once the line was extended to 225th Street on January 14, 1907, the 221st Street platforms were dismantled and moved to 230th Street for a new temporary terminus.[33] Service was extended to the temporary terminus at 230th Street on January 27, 1907.[36][37]: 33  An extension of Contract 1 north to 242nd Street at Van Cortlandt Park was approved in 1906[8]: 204  and opened on August 1, 1908.[38][39] (The original plan had been to turn east on 230th Street to just west of Bailey Avenue, at the New York Central Railroad's Kings Bridge station.[40]) When the line was extended to 242nd Street, the temporary platforms at 230th Street were dismantled, and were rumored to be brought to 242nd Street to serve as the station's side platforms. The 191st Street station did not open until January 14, 1911, because the elevators and other work at the station had not yet been completed.[32][39][41]

Between 1904 and 1908, one of the main service patterns was the West Side Branch, running from Lower Manhattan to Van Cortlandt Park via what is now the Lexington Avenue, 42nd Street, and Broadway–Seventh Avenue Lines. There were both local and express services with express trains south of 96th Street. Some express trains ran to Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn via the Joralemon Street Tunnel during rush hours while all other trains turned around at City Hall or South Ferry.[42][43]

Dual Contracts

[edit]

Planning and construction

[edit]

The Dual Contracts, which were signed on March 19, 1913, were contracts for the construction and/or rehabilitation and operation of rapid transit lines in the City of New York. The contracts were "dual" in that they were signed between the City and two separate private companies (the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company), all working together to make the construction of the Dual Contracts possible. The Dual Contracts promised the construction of several lines in Brooklyn. As part of Contract 3, the IRT agreed to build a branch of the original subway line south down Seventh Avenue, Varick Street, and West Broadway to serve the West Side of Manhattan.[44][45][46]

The construction of this line, in conjunction with the construction of the Lexington Avenue Line, would change the operations of the IRT system. Instead of having trains go via Broadway, turning onto 42nd Street, before finally turning onto Park Avenue, there would be two trunk lines connected by the 42nd Street Shuttle. The system would be changed from looking like a "Z" system on a map to an "H" system. One trunk would run via the new Lexington Avenue Line down Park Avenue, and the other trunk would run via the new Seventh Avenue Line up Broadway. In order for the line to continue down Varick Street and West Broadway, these streets needed to be widened, and two new streets were built, the Seventh Avenue Extension and the Varick Street Extension.[17] It was predicted that the subway extension would lead to the growth of the Lower West Side, and to neighborhoods such as Chelsea and Greenwich Village.[47][48]

Originally, there were to be no express stops between 34th Street–Penn Station to the north and Chambers Street to the south. By late 1912, local merchants were advocating for the construction of an express station at 14th Street and Seventh Avenue.[49]

Construction started on the extension in 1914. To allow for the extension of the line south from Times Square, the entire western wall of the subway between 43rd Street and 44th Street was removed, all while service continued uninterrupted. The line was mostly built in an open-cut, excluding the segments within the limits of Battery Park, the widened portions of Varick Street, and the new Varick and Seventh Avenue Extensions. Filled in ground was found south of Varick Street along Greenwich Street, which approximately marked the old shore line of the Hudson River during the time of the American Revolution. Many buildings had to be underpinned during the construction of the line, especially those on the lower sections through Greenwich Street.[17]

South of Chambers Street, there were to be two branches constructed. The first of the two would run to the Battery via Greenwich Street, while the second branch would turn eastward under Park Place and Beekman Street and down William Street and Old Slip. After going through Lower Manhattan, the second branch would go through a tunnel under the East River before running under Clark and Fulton Streets until a junction at Borough Hall with the existing Contract 2 IRT Brooklyn Line.[47][48] In order to pass under the Broadway and Park Row subway lines, this branch has grades as steep as 3%, being located 60 feet (18 m) below surface level. As a result, the Park Place station was built with escalators. Because William Street is so narrow (40 feet (12 m) wide), every building along the line had to be underpinned. The entire line, consisting of eight sections, was expected to cost $14,793,419 (equivalent to $414,215,732 in 2023).[17]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1915 Seventh Avenue subway collapse.
Subway collapse in 1915

On September 22, 1915, there was an explosion during construction of the 23rd Street subway station that caused the tunnel to collapse. Seven people were killed after a blast of dynamite in the subway tunnel destroyed the plank roadway over Seventh Avenue. As a result, a crowded trolley car, and a brewery truck fell into the excavation, accounting for most of the injuries.[50]

Opening

[edit]

On June 3, 1917, the first portion of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line south of Times Square–42nd Street, a shuttle to 34th Street–Penn Station, opened; a separate shuttle service, running between 42nd and 34th Streets, was created.[51][52] This short extension was opened even though the rest of the route was not yet completed in order to handle the mass of traffic to and from Pennsylvania Station. Only the northern part of the station was opened at this time, and piles of plaster, rails, and debris could be seen on the rest of the platforms.[53]

On June 27, 1918, the Public Service Commission (PSC) announced that on July 1, the shuttle would be extended south to South Ferry, with a shorter shuttle on the Brooklyn branch between Chambers Street and Wall Street, on July 1, 1918.[54] The PSC's decision to open the line before the Lexington Avenue Line was completed was unexpected.[55] The new "H" system was implemented on August 1, 1918, joining the two halves of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and sending all West Side trains south from Times Square.[56] An immediate result of the switch was the need to transfer using the 42nd Street Shuttle. The completion of the "H" system doubled the capacity of the IRT system.[47]

Poster announcing the opening of the Clark Street Tunnel.

The local tracks ran to South Ferry, while the express tracks used the Brooklyn branch to Wall Street, extended to Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn via the Clark Street Tunnel on April 15, 1919.[57] Extensions of the Eastern Parkway Line and the connecting Nostrand Avenue Line and New Lots Line opened in the next few years, with the end result being that West Side trains ran to Flatbush Avenue or New Lots Avenue.[58][59][60]

1940s to 1990s

[edit]

In 1948, platforms on the line from 103rd Street to 238th Street were lengthened to 514 feet (157 m) to allow full ten-car express trains to platform. Previously the stations could accommodate only six car local trains. The platform extensions were opened in stages. On April 6, 1948, the stations from 103rd Street to Dyckman Street had their platform extensions opened, with the exception of the 125th Street station, which had its extension opened on June 11, 1948. On July 9, 1948, the platform extensions at stations between 207th Street and 238th Street were opened for use at the cost of $423,000 (equivalent to $5,364,249 in 2023).[61][62]

During the early 1950s, it was considered to convert the Columbus Circle station from a local stop to an express stop in order to serve the anticipated rise of ridership at the stop resulting from the proposed New York Coliseum and the expected redevelopment of the area.[6] In 1955, the firm Edwards, Kelcey and Beck was hired as Consulting Engineers for the construction of the express station.[63]

A poster detailing the improvements made to the line as part of the West Side Improvement.

Under a $100 million (equivalent to $1,045,205,479 in 2023) rebuilding program, increased and lengthened service was implemented during peak hours on the 1 train. To the north of 96th Street, delays occurred as some trains from the Lenox Avenue Line switched from the express to the local tracks, while some trains from the Broadway Branch switched from the local to the express tracks. This bottleneck was removed on February 6, 1959. All Broadway trains became locals, and all Lenox Avenue trains became expresses, eliminating the need to switch tracks. All 3 trains began to run express south of 96th Street on that date running to Brooklyn. 1 trains began to run between 242nd Street and South Ferry at all times. Trains began to be branded as Hi-Speed Locals, being as fast as the old express service was, with 8-car trains consisting of new R21 and R22 subway cars from the St. Louis Car Company.[64][65] During rush hour in the peak direction, alternate trains, those running from 242nd Street, made no stops except 168th Street between Dyckman and 137th Streets in the direction of heavy traffic. The bypassed stations were served by locals originating from Dyckman Street.[66]

The improved service could not be implemented until the platform extensions at all stations on the line were completed. The original IRT stations north of Times Square could barely fit five or six car locals based on whether the trains had one or two ends with cars that had manually operated doors. In 1958, the platform extensions at the local stations were nearly completed, but there were more problems with the platform extensions at the two express stations, 72nd Street and 96th Street. To make room for the platform extension at 72nd Street, the track layout was changed. However, in order to fit the platform extension at 96th Street, the local tracks and the outside walls had to be moved. A new mezzanine with stairways to the street was built between West 93rd Street and West 94th Street. Since the 86th Street and 96th Street stations had their platforms extended in order to accommodate 10-car trains, the 91st Street station was closed on February 2, 1959, because it was too close to the other two stations.[67][68]

In 1961, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) awarded a $11 million (equivalent to $112,155,902 in 2023) contract to General Railway Signal to upgrade the line's signals between the 96th Street and 242nd Street stations.[69] On August 9, 1964, the NYCTA announced the letting of a $7.6 million (equivalent to $74,662,661 in 2023) contract to lengthen platforms at stations from Rector Street to 34th Street–Penn Station on the line, and stations from Central Park North–110th Street to 145th Street on the Lenox Avenue Line to allow express trains to be lengthened from nine-car trains to ten-car trains, and to lengthen locals from eight-car trains to ten-car trains. With the completion of this project, the NYCTA project to lengthen IRT stations to accommodate ten-car trains would be complete.[70] During the 1964–1965 fiscal year, the platforms at Park Place, Fulton Street, Wall Street, Clark Street and Borough Hall were lengthened to 525 feet (160 m) to accommodate a ten-car train of 51 feet (16 m) long IRT cars.[71]

In 1986, the NYCTA launched a study to determine whether to close 79 stations on 11 routes, including the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line north of 215th Street, due to low ridership and high repair costs.[72][73] Numerous figures, including New York City Council member Carol Greitzer, criticized the plans.[73][74]

On August 21, 1989, the 1/9 weekday skip-stop service started. The plan was to have skip-stop service begin north of 116th Street–Columbia University, but due to objections, most notably that riders did not want 125th Street to be a skip-stop station, skip-stop service was only implemented north of 137th Street–City College between the hours of 6:30 am and 7:00 pm. All 1 trains skipped Marble Hill–225th, 207th, 191st and 145th Streets, while all 9 trains skipped 238th, 215th, Dyckman and 157th Streets.[75][76][77] On September 4, 1994, midday skip-stop service was discontinued,[11] and 191st Street was no longer a skip-stop station.[78]

21st century

[edit]

After the September 11 attacks, all 1 trains had to be rerouted since the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line ran directly under the World Trade Center site and was heavily damaged in the collapse of the Twin Towers. 1 trains ran only between 242nd Street and 14th Street, making local stops north of and express stops south of 96th Street. The skip-stop service with the 9 train was suspended. On September 19, after a few switching delays at 96th Street, service was changed. All 1 trains made all stops from 242nd Street to New Lots Avenue via the Clark Street Tunnel and IRT Eastern Parkway Line, to replace all 3 trains (which terminated at 14th Street) at all times except late nights, when it terminated at Chambers Street in Manhattan instead. On September 15, 2002, all 1 trains returned to the South Ferry Loop and 9 skip-stop service was reinstated. Cortlandt Street, which was directly underneath the World Trade Center, was demolished as part of the clean-up, to be rebuilt as part of the World Trade Center Transportation Hub.[79]

In June 2002, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) announced that ten subway stations citywide, including 103rd Street, 110th Street, 116th Street, 125th Street, and 231st Street on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, would receive renovations. As part of the project, fare control areas would be redesigned, flooring, and electrical and communication systems would be upgraded, and new lighting, public address systems and stairways would be installed. In addition, since 110th Street, 116th Street, and 125th Street had landmark status, historical elements would be replaced or restored, including their white wall tiles. At the ends of the station platforms at 103rd Street, 110th Street, and 116th Street, a small section of station wall, which would look identical to the existing station walls, would be added to provide space for scrubber rooms.[80][81] Work on the ten citywide renovation projects was estimated to cost almost $146 million, and was scheduled to start later that year, and be completed in April 2004, in time for the 100th anniversary of the station's opening, and the 250th anniversary of Columbia University.[82][83]

Columbia University agreed to contribute $1 million to the renovation of the 103rd Street station following its announcement in April that it would purchase a building adjacent to that station. In September 2002, the university was in negotiations to provide funding for the renovation of the 110th Street station. As a condition of the funding allocation for the station renovation at 103rd Street, the university wanted work on the project to be expedited. Residents of Morningside Heights approved of the renovations plans, but were concerned that the expedited repairs would come at the cost of damaging the stations' historic elements. Block associations near the 103rd Street station contracted a firm to develop a plan to renovate the station quickly while maintaining its historic elements. A similar plan was already completed for the 110th Street station. The MTA was expected to decide whether preservation or speed would be prioritized in the station renovation projects by the end of the year.[80]

The design of the station renovations at the 110th Street and 116th Street was met with controversy as local community activists believed that the plan to include artwork from the MTA's Arts for Transit program would damage the stations' original decorative tiling, which had remained untouched since the stations opened. The community activists believed that the new artwork would also be illegal for going against restrictions put into place when they were landmarked. The MTA had planned to install a small bronze subway track and train to be inlaid within the station walls surrounded by sepia-toned photographs of the neighborhood at 116th Street. In December 2002, Manhattan Community Board 7 voted in favor of the plan to include artwork from the MTA's Arts for Transit program at the 103rd Street station, which was not landmarked, but voted against the plan to include new artwork at the landmarked 110th Street and 116th Street.[84] On February 4, 2003, Community Board 7 voted in favor of renovating the 103rd Street and 110th Street stations, but against the inclusion of any new artwork in the stations, going against the board's initial vote to support the installation of artwork at 103rd Street. The opposition to the addition of artwork at that stop stemmed from the belief among opponents of the plan for artwork that the station's historic features would be more vulnerable as the station was not landmarked.[81]

Columbia University contributed $1 million (equivalent to $1,613,108 in 2023) to the station renovation project at 116th Street after the MTA said it would have to put off the renovation projects in Manhattan due to funding issues. Columbia also provided funding to cover a portion of the cost of renovating the 125th Street station, and funded the substitution of the station's aluminum vents with glass windows to reflect the station's original design. Due to concerns expressed by community groups, the addition of art to the 110th Street and 116th Street stations was dropped.[83][84] From May 31 to July 12, 2003, the uptown platforms at 116th Street station and 103rd Street were closed at all times for their renovations.[85] The station renovation project at 116th Street began in January 2003.[80] Between October 5 and November 17, 2003, the downtown platforms at 110th Street and 125th Street were closed to expedite work on their renovations.[86]

On May 27, 2005, the 9 train was discontinued and all 1 trains began to make all stops.[10][11] The skip-stop service made less sense by 2005 because of the increased number of trains being run and the higher ridership at the bypassed stations; the MTA estimated that eliminating skip-stop service only added 21⁄2 to 3 minutes of travel time (for passengers at the northernmost stations at 242nd Street and 238th Street) but many passengers would see trains frequencies double, resulting in decreased overall travel time (because of less time waiting for trains).[87]

Gap fillers deploy as a train arrives at the South Ferry station

On March 16, 2009, the new South Ferry station opened, replacing the original loop station.[88] The loop station could only accommodate the first five cars of a train and required the use of gap fillers because of the sharpness of the loop curve.[89][90] The new station was built as a two-track, full (10-car)-length island platform on a less severe curve, permitting the operation of a typical terminal station.[89][91] The newer station does not have a connection to the IRT Lexington Avenue Line, and is underneath the loop station. The MTA claimed that the new station saved four to six minutes of a passenger's trip time and increased the peak capacity of the 1 service to 24 trains per hour, as opposed to 16 to 17 trains per hour with the loop station. This was the first new station to open since 1989 when the IND 63rd Street Line stations opened.[92]

After Hurricane Sandy, the new South Ferry station was flooded and damaged, requiring the old station to reopen.

1 service was affected by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, following serious flood damage at South Ferry. Rector Street served as a temporary terminal until April 4, 2013,[93][94] when the 1 returned to the reopened old loop station.[95][96][97] Hurricane Sandy also damaged the Clark Street Tubes, necessitating a full closure on weekends from June 27, 2017, to June 24, 2018, thus affecting 2, 3, 4, and 5 service. In addition, as a result of the closure for repairs of the Clark Street Tubes, the stations on the Brooklyn Branch of the line (Park Place to Borough Hall, as well as Hoyt Street on the Eastern Parkway Line) saw closures on weekends as well (2 trains continued to operate to Brooklyn on weekdays and weekday late nights as did 3 trains on weekdays except late nights).[98] The new South Ferry station reopened on June 27, 2017, in time to accommodate the Clark Street closures.[99][100] Throughout the duration of the Clark Street tunnel closures, a free out-of-system MetroCard transfer was provided between South Ferry (where 2 trains were rerouted from 11:45pm Fridays to 5:00am Mondays), and Bowling Green (where 4 and 5 trains ran local in Brooklyn in place of the 2 and 3 trains during those same times).[101] Normal service on the Brooklyn Branch resumed on June 25, 2018.[102] The Cortlandt Street station reopened on September 8, 2018 as WTC Cortlandt.[103]

Extent and service

[edit]

The following services use part or all of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line,[104] whose services' bullets are colored red:[9]

Route Time period Section of line
Between 242 St
and 96 St 		Between 96 St
and 42 St 		Between 42 St
and Chambers St 		Between Chambers St
and Borough Hall 		Between Chambers St
and South Ferry
"1" train All times local no service local
"2" train All times except late nights no service express no service
Late nights no service local no service
"3" train All times except late nights no service express no service
Late nights no service express no service

Station listing

[edit]
Station service legend
Stops all times Stops all times
Stops all times except late nights Stops all times except late nights
Stops late nights only Stops late nights only
Stops weekdays during the day Stops weekdays during the day
Stops rush hours only Stops rush hours only
Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Stops rush hours in the peak direction only
Time period details
Disabled access Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
Disabled access ↑ Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
in the indicated direction only
Disabled access ↓
Elevator access to mezzanine only
Neighborhood
(approximate) 		Disabled access Station Tracks Services Opened Transfers and notes
The Bronx
Riverdale Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street 1 all times August 1, 1908[38]
Center Express track begins (no regular service)
Connecting Tracks to 240th Street Yard
Kingsbridge and Riverdale 238th Street local 1 all times August 1, 1908[38]
Disabled access 231st Street local 1 all times August 1, 1908[38]
Manhattan
Marble Hill Marble Hill–225th Street local 1 all times January 14, 1907[33] Connection to Metro-North Railroad (Hudson Line) at Marble Hill
Broadway Bridge
Inwood 221st Street local March 12, 1906[32] Closed January 14, 1907
215th Street local 1 all times March 12, 1906[32]
Connecting Track to 207th Street Yard
207th Street local 1 all times April 1, 1907[33][36] Bx12 Select Bus Service
Center Express track ends
Disabled access Dyckman Street 1 all times March 12, 1906[32]
Washington Heights Elevator access to mezzanine only 191st Street 1 all times January 14, 1911[41]
Elevator access to mezzanine only 181st Street 1 all times May 30, 1906[35]
Elevator access to mezzanine only 168th Street 1 all times April 14, 1906[34] IND Eighth Avenue Line (A all times ​C all except late nights)
157th Street 1 all times November 12, 1904[105] Bx6 Select Bus Service
Center Express track begins (No Regular Service)
Harlem 145th Street local 1 all times October 27, 1904[28]
137th Street Yard tracks surround Main Line
137th Street–City College local 1 all times October 27, 1904[28]
125th Street local 1 all times October 27, 1904[28]
Morningside Heights 116th Street–Columbia University local 1 all times October 27, 1904[28] M60 Select Bus Service to LaGuardia Airport
Cathedral Parkway–110th Street local 1 all times October 27, 1904[28]
Upper West Side 103rd Street local 1 all times October 27, 1904[28]
Center Express track ends
IRT Lenox Avenue Line joins as the express tracks (2 all times ​3 all times)
Disabled access 96th Street all 1 all times ​2 all times ​3 all times October 27, 1904[28]
91st Street local October 27, 1904[28] Closed February 2, 1959
86th Street local 1 all times ​2 late nights October 27, 1904[28] M86 Select Bus Service
79th Street local 1 all times ​2 late nights October 27, 1904[28] M79 Select Bus Service
Disabled access 72nd Street all 1 all times ​2 all times ​3 all times October 27, 1904[28]
Disabled access 66th Street–Lincoln Center local 1 all times ​2 late nights October 27, 1904[28]
Midtown Disabled access 59th Street–Columbus Circle local 1 all times ​2 late nights October 27, 1904[28] IND Eighth Avenue Line (A all times ​B weekdays during the day ​C all except late nights ​D all times)
50th Street local 1 all times ​2 late nights October 27, 1904[28]
merge on northbound local track to IRT 42nd Street Line (no regular service)
Disabled access Times Square–42nd Street all 1 all times ​2 all times ​3 all times June 3, 1917[51] IRT Flushing Line (7 all times <7> rush hours until 9:30 p.m., peak direction​)
IND Eighth Avenue Line (A all times ​C all except late nights ​E all times) at 42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal
BMT Broadway Line (N all times ​Q all times ​R all except late nights ​W weekdays only)
42nd Street Shuttle (S all except late nights)
IND Sixth Avenue Line (B weekdays during the day ​D all times ​F all times <F> two rush hour trains, peak direction ​M weekdays during the day) at 42nd Street–Bryant Park, daytime only
Port Authority Bus Terminal
Disabled access 34th Street–Penn Station all 1 all times ​2 all times ​3 all except late nights June 3, 1917[51] Connection to Amtrak, LIRR, and N.J. Transit at Pennsylvania Station
M34 / M34A Select Bus Service
Chelsea 28th Street local 1 all times ​2 late nights July 1, 1918[54]
23rd Street local 1 all times ​2 late nights July 1, 1918[54] M23 Select Bus Service
18th Street local 1 all times ​2 late nights July 1, 1918[54]
Disabled access 14th Street all 1 all times ​2 all times ​3 all except late nights July 1, 1918[54] IND Sixth Avenue Line (F all times <F> two rush hour trains, peak direction ​M weekdays during the day) at 14th Street
BMT Canarsie Line (L all times) at Sixth Avenue
Connection to PATH at 14th Street
M14A / M14D Select Bus Service
Greenwich Village Christopher Street–Stonewall local 1 all times ​2 late nights July 1, 1918[54]
Houston Street local 1 all times ​2 late nights July 1, 1918[54]
TriBeCa Canal Street local 1 all times ​2 late nights July 1, 1918[54]
Franklin Street local 1 all times ​2 late nights July 1, 1918[54]
Financial District Disabled access Chambers Street all 1 all times ​2 all times ​3 all except late nights July 1, 1918[54]
Express tracks split to Brooklyn Branch (2 all times ​3 all except late nights); Local tracks continue as Main line (1 all times)
Disabled access WTC Cortlandt local 1 all times July 1, 1918[54] Closed from September 11, 2001, to September 8, 2018, due to damage sustained in the September 11 attacks
Connection to PATH at World Trade Center
Rector Street local 1 all times July 1, 1918[54]
Split between Main line and Outer loop at South Ferry
South Ferry
(Loop Platform) 		outer loop July 1, 1918[54] Closed on March 16, 2009, with the opening of the new terminal
Reopened on April 4, 2013, as temporary terminal; closed again on June 27, 2017
Disabled access South Ferry
(New Platform) 		local 1 all times March 16, 2009[88] Closed November 2012 due to damage caused by Hurricane Sandy; reopened on June 27, 2017
BMT Broadway Line (N late nights ​R all except late nights ​W weekdays only) at Whitehall Street–South Ferry
M15 Select Bus Service
Staten Island Ferry at South Ferry
Main line terminates (1 all times)
 
Brooklyn Branch (2 all times ​3 all except late nights)
Financial District Elevator access to mezzanine only Park Place express 2 all times ​3 all except late nights July 1, 1918[54] BMT Broadway Line (N late nights ​R all except late nights ​W weekdays only) at Cortlandt Street
IND Eighth Avenue Line (A all times ​C all except late nights) at Chambers Street
IND Eighth Avenue Line (E all times) at World Trade Center
Connection to PATH at World Trade Center
Disabled access Fulton Street express 2 all times ​3 all except late nights July 1, 1918[54] IRT Lexington Avenue Line (4 all times ​5 all except late nights)
IND Eighth Avenue Line (A all times ​C all except late nights)
BMT Nassau Street Line (J all times ​Z rush hours, peak direction)
Connection to PATH at World Trade Center
Wall Street express 2 all times ​3 all except late nights July 1, 1918[54]
Brooklyn
Clark Street Tunnel
Brooklyn Heights Elevator access to mezzanine only Clark Street express 2 all times ​3 all except late nights April 15, 1919[57]
Downtown Brooklyn Disabled access Borough Hall express 2 all times ​3 all except late nights April 15, 1919[57] IRT Eastern Parkway Line (4 all times ​5 weekdays only)
BMT Fourth Avenue Line (N late nights R all times ​W limited rush hour service only) at Court Street
becomes the local tracks of the IRT Eastern Parkway Line (2 all times ​3 all except late nights)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ This total is achieved by adding the total ridership of the stations on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Annual Subway Ridership (2018–2023)". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
  2. ^ "South Ferry Terminal Project, Environmental Assessment and Section 4(f) Evaluation Chapter 5–13: Archaeological and Historic Resources" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 2004. pp. 5–110. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
  3. ^ "$377,000,000 Spent on Subways in 1918 — Public Service Commission Reports Good Progress on New Lines — Promise 300 Miles in 1919 — City's Transportation Lines Carried 1,975,482,316 Passengers in Past Year" (PDF). The New York Times. January 14, 1919. p. 13. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
  4. ^ "Status Report On the Programmatic Agreement regarding the Fulton Street Transit Center Project In New York City, New York" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 2006. p. 4. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  5. ^ "Second Avenue Subway Supplementary Draft Environmental Impact Statement Chapter 5B: Transportation—Subway and Commuter Rail" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 2003. p. 5B–12. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  6. ^ a b Report. New York City Transit Authority. 1953. p. 32.
  7. ^
  8. ^ a b c Walker, James Blaine (1918). Fifty Years of Rapid Transit — 1864 to 1917. New York, N.Y.: Law Printing. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  9. ^ a b Grynbaum, Michael M. (May 10, 2010). "Take the Tomato 2 Stops to the Sunflower". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  10. ^ a b "Noteworthy – 9 Discontinued". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 7, 2005. Archived from the original on May 7, 2005. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
  11. ^ a b c Chan, Sewell (January 12, 2005). "MTA Proposes Dropping No. 9 Train". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
  12. ^ "New Subway Expresses Part of the Service Ordered Will Begin To-morrow" (PDF). The New York Times. November 18, 1906. p. 3. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  13. ^ a b Dougherty, Peter (2006) [2002]. Tracks of the New York City Subway 2006 (3rd ed.). Dougherty. OCLC 49777633 – via Google Books.
  14. ^ Gargan, Edward A. (June 11, 1981). "Agency Lists Its 69 Most Deteriorated Subway Stations". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  15. ^ "50,000 Persons Use New Tube On First Day: Clark Street Tunnel of the West Side Subway Cuts Down the Congestion of Traffic From Brooklyn". New-York Tribune. April 16, 1919. p. 11. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 576071281.
  16. ^ "New Subway Service Between Brooklyn and Manhattan Boroughs" (PDF). The New York Times. April 13, 1919. p. 114. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 5, 2009.
  17. ^ a b c d Engineering News-record. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. 1916.
  18. ^ "$21,000,000 for Subways; Contracts Signed for East River Tunnels and Other Work". The New York Times. July 17, 1914. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  19. ^ "Work Begins on New Tubes Under River — Engineer Tells How Subway Tunnels Will Be Cut Through to Brooklyn — Will Burrow in Shield — Steel Ring Pushed Forward Under Hydraulic Pressure of 6,000,000 Pounds". The New York Times. October 11, 1914. p. 2. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  20. ^ Aronson, Michael (June 15, 1999). "The Digger Clifford Holland". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on July 5, 2017. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  21. ^ "This Week is to See Final Blast in Tube; Tunnel Connecting Old Slip and Clark Street, Brooklyn, Nearing Completion". The New York Times. November 26, 1916. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  22. ^ "Under-River Tunnel Headings Meet". Public Service Record. III (12). December 1916. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  23. ^ "Blast Merges Tube Beneath East River; Two Headings of New Westbound Subway from Brooklyn Vary Only an Inch". The New York Times. November 29, 1916. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  24. ^ "Lutheran Book Is Rushed; Published In Seven Days to Answer Charges Against Reformer". The New York Times. December 20, 1916. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  25. ^ "Blast Opens New Tube: South Tunnel of Old Slip-Clark Street Subway Now Clear for Tracking". New-York Tribune. December 20, 1916. p. 18. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 575661566.
  26. ^ McFadden, Robert D. (December 29, 1990). "2 Subway Riders Die After Blast". The New York Times. p. 27. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 5, 2009.
  27. ^ "Subway Opening To-day With Simple Ceremony – Exercises at One O'Clock – Public to be Admitted at Seven – John Hay May Be Present – Expected to Represent the Federal Government – President Roosevelt Sends Letter of Regret" (PDF). The New York Times. October 27, 1904. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Our Subway Open, 150,000 Try It — Mayor McClellan Runs the First Official Train — Big Crowds Ride At Night — Average of 25,000 an Hour from 7 P.M. Till Past Midnight — Exercises in the City Hall — William Barclay Parsons, John B. McDonald, August Belmont, Alexander E. Orr, and John Starin Speak — Dinner at Night". The New York Times. October 28, 1904. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  29. ^ "Interborough Rapid Transit System, Manhattan Valley Viaduct" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 24, 1981. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  30. ^ Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. F. W. Dodge Corporation. November 12, 1904. p. 1026.
  31. ^ "Interborough Rapid Transit Subway and Elevated Map". wikimedia.org. 1906. p. 55. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g "Trains To Ship Canal — But They Whiz by Washington Heights Stations". The New York Times. March 13, 1906. p. 16. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  33. ^ a b c d e f "Farthest North in Town by the Interborough — Take a Trip to the New Station, 225th Street West — It's Quite Lke the Country — You Might Be in Dutchess County, but You Are Still In Manhattan Borough — Place Will Bustle Soon". The New York Times. January 14, 1907. p. 18. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  34. ^ a b "New Subway Station Open — Also a Short Express Service for Baseball Enthusiasts" (PDF). The New York Times. April 15, 1906. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  35. ^ a b "Expresses to 221st Street — Will Run in the Subway Today — New 181st Street Station Ready" (PDF). The New York Times. May 30, 1906. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  36. ^ a b c Merritt, A. L. (1914). "Ten Years of the Subway (1914)". www.nycsubway.org. Interborough Bulletin. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
  37. ^ Cunningham, Joseph; DeHart, Leonard O. (1993). A History of the New York City Subway System. J. Schmidt, R. Giglio, and K. Lang.
  38. ^ a b c d "Our First Subway Completed At Last — Opening of the Van Cortlandt Extension Finishes System Begun in 1900 — The Job Cost $60,000,000 — A Twenty-Mile Ride from Brooklyn to 242d Street for a Nickel Is Possible Now". The New York Times. August 2, 1908. p. 10. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  39. ^ a b 1910–1911 Annual Report of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company For The Year Ended June 30, 1911. Interborough Rapid Transit Company. 1911. p. 15.
  40. ^ "The New York Subway Souvenir (1904)". www.nycsubway.org. Burroughs and Company, Publishers. 1904. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  41. ^ a b "Era of Building Activity Opening for Fort George — New Subway Station at 191st Street and Proposed Underground Road to Fairview Avenue Important Factors in Coming Development — One Block of Apartments Finished". The New York Times. January 22, 1911. p. 67. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  42. ^ Commerce and Industry Association of New York, Pocket Guide to New York, 1906, pp. 19–26.
  43. ^ "Bronx to Montauk; One Change of Cars — This Trip Made Possible by the Opening of Brooklyn Subway Extension Friday — Official Opening Trip — And the Public Can Go Through to Long Island Railroad Station To-night After Midnight" (PDF). The New York Times. April 30, 1908. p. 4. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  44. ^ "Terms and Conditions of Dual System Contracts". nycsubway.org. Public Service Commission. March 19, 1913. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
  45. ^ "The Dual System of Rapid Transit (1912)". nycsubway.org. Public Service Commission. September 1912. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
  46. ^ "Most Recent Map of the Dual Subway System WhIch Shows How Brooklyn Borough Is Favored In New Transit Lines". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 9, 1917. p. 37. Retrieved August 23, 2016 – via Brooklyn Newspapers.
  47. ^ a b c Whitney, Travis H. (March 10, 1918). "The Seventh and Lexington Avenue Subways Will Revive Dormant Sections — Change in Operation That Will Transform Original Four-Tracked Subway Into Two Four-Tracked Systems and Double Present Capacity of the Interborough" (PDF). The New York Times. p. 12. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
  48. ^ a b "Public Service Commission Fixes July 15 For Opening of The New Seventh and Lexington Avenue Subway Lines — Will Afford Better Service and Less Crowding — Shuttle Service for Forty-Second Street — How the Various Lines of the Dual System Are Grouped for Operation and List of Stations on All Lines" (PDF). The New York Times. May 19, 1918. p. 32. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  49. ^ "Another Brisk Fight for Subway Stops; Fourteenth Street Gives More Effort to Getting an Express Station on Seventh Av. Line". The New York Times. September 17, 1912. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
  50. ^ "Subway Explosion Kills 7, Injures 85; Rips Open Seventh Av. For Two Blocks; Crowded Car Plunges Into 30 Foot Pit — Disaster at Rush Hour — Lays Work in New Tunnel from 23d to 25th St. in Tangled Ruin — Bursting Gas and Water Mains Impede Scores in Cavity Aiding the Wounded — Horrified Crowds Look On — Two Passengers Killed in Panic Among Struggling Victims in Wrecked Trolley — Gas or Free Dynamite May Be the Cause — Chief of Blasters Is Sought by the Police" (PDF). The New York Times. September 23, 1915. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  51. ^ a b c "Three New Links of the Dual Subway System Opened, Including a Shuttle Service from Times Square to Thirty-Fourth Street — Service on the Jerome Avenue Branch From 149th Street North to About 225th Street Began Yesterday Afternoon — The Event Celebrated by Bronx Citizens and Property Owners — The Seventh Avenue Connection Opened This Morning" (PDF). The New York Times. June 3, 1917. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  52. ^ "Annual report. 1916-1917". HathiTrust. Interborough Rapid Transit Company: 22. December 12, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
  53. ^ "Open Subway Spur to 34th Street — Pennsylvania Station Now Accessible by Seventh Avenue Line from Times Square — Run Made in Two Minutes —— Rush Work at Finish Leaves Piles of Debris Still to be Cleared Up" (PDF). The New York Times. June 4, 1917. p. 7. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  54. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Open New Subway to Regular Traffic — First Train on Seventh Avenue Line Carries Mayor and Other Officials — To Serve Lower West Side — Whitney Predicts an Awakening of the District — New Extensions of Elevated Railroad Service" (PDF). The New York Times. July 2, 1918. p. 11. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  55. ^ "Subway Sections To Open Next Week. Extension of Seventh Avenue Line Service to Battery Begins Monday". New York Sun. June 28, 1918. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  56. ^ "Open New Subway Lines to Traffic; Called a Triumph — Great H System Put in Operation Marks an Era in Railroad Construction — No Hitch in the Plans — But Public Gropes Blindly to Find the Way in Maze of New Stations — Thousands Go Astray — Leaders in City's Life Hail Accomplishment of Great Task at Meeting at the Astor" (PDF). The New York Times. August 2, 1918. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  57. ^ a b c "Open Clark Street Line — New Route Doubles Subway Service Between the Two Boroughs" (PDF). The New York Times. April 16, 1919. p. 18. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  58. ^ "Subway Stations Opened: Last Three in Eastern Parkway Branch of I.R.T. Put Into Service" (PDF). The New York Times. October 11, 1920. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
  59. ^ "Annual report. 1920-1921". HathiTrust. Interborough Rapid Transit Company: 22. 1921. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
  60. ^ "More Interborough Service for Brooklyn 2 New Lines". pudl.princeton.edu. Interborough Rapid Transit Company. August 23, 1920. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
  61. ^ Report For The Three and One-Half Years Ending June 30, 1949. New York City Board of Transportation. 1949. p. 11. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  62. ^ "More Long Platforms — Five Subway Stations on IRT to Accommodate 10-Car Trains". The New York Times. July 10, 1948. p. 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
  63. ^ Minutes and Proceedings. New York City Transit Authority. 1955. pp. 3, 254, 1457.
  64. ^ "New Hi-Speed Locals 1959 New York City Transit Authority". Flickr. New York City Transit Authority. February 1959. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  65. ^ "Wagner Praises Modernized IRT — Mayor and Transit Authority Are Hailed as West Side Changes Take Effect". The New York Times. February 7, 1959. p. 21. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  66. ^ Levey, Stanley (January 26, 1959). "Modernized IRT To Bow on Feb. 6 — West Side Line to Eliminate Bottleneck at 96th Street". The New York Times. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  67. ^ Aciman, Andre (January 8, 1999). "My Manhattan — Next Stop: Subway's Past". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
  68. ^ "High-Speed Broadway Local Service Began in 1959". The Bulletin. 52 (2). New York Division, Electric Railroaders' Association. February 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2016 – via Issuu.
  69. ^ "IRT Revising Signals; 11 Million Modernizing Job Set on Broadway Line". The New York Times. December 15, 1961. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  70. ^ "IRT Riders To Get More Train Room; $8.5 Million Is Allocated for Longer Stations and for 3 New Car Washers". The New York Times. August 10, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  71. ^ Annual Report 1964–1965. New York City Transit Authority. 1965.
  72. ^ Brooke, James (April 29, 1986). "Subway Aides to Weigh Cuts on 11 Routes". The New York Times. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  73. ^ a b Gordy, Margaret (April 29, 1986). "MTA Studies Citywide Cuts in Subway Lines, Stations". Newsday. pp. 3, 27. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  74. ^ Finder, Alan; Connelly, Mary (May 4, 1986). "The Region; On Shrinking The Subways". The New York Times. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  75. ^ "Announcing 1 and 9 Skip-Stop Service on the Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line" (PDF). New York City Transit Authority. August 1989. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 26, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2009.
  76. ^ Brozan, Nadine (June 4, 1989). "'Skip-Stop' Subway Plan Annoys No. 1 Riders". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  77. ^ Lorch, Donatella (August 22, 1989). "New Service For Subways On West Side". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  78. ^ New York Division Bulletin. 37 (9). Electric Railroaders' Association. September 1994. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  79. ^ Lueck, Thomas J. (September 15, 2002). "Old Service, Old Stops Restored on West Side". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
  80. ^ a b c Nowakowski, Xan (September 11, 2002). "Columbia Invests in Area Subway Stations". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  81. ^ a b Homans, Charlie (February 6, 2003). "CB7 Rejects MTA's Arts For Transit Proposition". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  82. ^ Donohue, Pete (June 11, 2002). "Renovation Is Set For 10 Subway Stations". New York Daily News. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  83. ^ a b Angara, Harini (January 23, 2004). "116th Subway Station Gets a Face Lift". Columbia Spectator. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  84. ^ a b Homans, Charlie (January 24, 2003). "Tunnel Vision: MTA, Locals Don't See Eye to Eye". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  85. ^ "1 9 Uptown Platforms at 103 St. and 116 St. will be closed". Columbia Daily Spectator. May 28, 2003. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  86. ^ "1 9 Downtown Trains skip 125 St. and 110 St". Columbia Daily Spectator. October 3, 2003. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
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  93. ^ "Restoring South Ferry Station". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. November 28, 2012. Archived from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  94. ^ Flegenheimer, Matt (March 9, 2013). "Storm Damage Prompts Return of Old Subway Stop". The New York Times. p. A14. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  95. ^ "Superstorm Sandy: One Year Later". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
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  99. ^ "South Ferry subway station in Manhattan reopens". ABC 7 New York. June 27, 2017. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
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  102. ^ "Weekend Service Through Clark St 2,3 Tunnel Resumes On Time and On Budget". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 25, 2018. Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
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  105. ^ "IRT West Side Line – 157th Street". nycsubway.org. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
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