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Asheville, North Carolina

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Not to be confused with Ashville.
Asheville, North Carolina
City
Downtown Asheville
Downtown Asheville
Flag of Asheville, North Carolina
Flag
Location in North Carolina
Location in North Carolina
CountryUnited States
StateNorth Carolina
CountyBuncombe
Incorporated1797
Government
 • MayorTerry Bellamy
Area
 • Total41.3 sq mi (107.0 km2)
 • Land40.9 sq mi (106.0 km2)
 • Water0.4 sq mi (1.0 km2)  0.94%
Elevation
2,134 ft (650 m)
Population
 (2005)[1]
 • Total72,231
 • Density1,704.6/sq mi (657.94/km2)
 US Census Bureau estimate
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
Area code828
FIPS code37-02140Template:GR
GNIS feature ID1018864Template:GR
WebsiteCity of Asheville
Asheville City Hall. This building epitomizes the Art Deco style of the 1920s.
File:Biltmore House front.jpg
The Biltmore House on Biltmore Estate, which is the largest house in America, with more than 250 rooms, was built as a private residence complete with indoor pool and bowling alley. Modern tourists, who often come to see the adjacent gardens, enjoy a similar view to this 1902 photo.

Asheville is a city in Buncombe County, North Carolina, and is its county seat. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 68,889. It is the largest city in western North Carolina, and continues to grow. As of 2006, the Census Bureau estimates that Asheville's population is 72,789 [1]. Asheville is a part of the four-county Asheville metropolitan statistical area, the population of which was estimated by the Census Bureau in 2006 to be 398,009.

History

Before the arrival of Europeans, the land where Asheville now exists lay within the boundaries of Cherokee country.[2] In 1540, Spanish explorer Hernando DeSoto came to the area, bringing the first European visitors[3] in addition to European diseases which seriously depleted the native population.[4] As the Cherokee were eventually dominated by European settlers, the area was used as an open hunting ground until the middle of the 19th century.[5]

The history of Asheville, as a town, begins in 1784. In that year Colonel Samuel Davidson and his family settled in the Swannanoa Valley, redeeming a soldier's land grant from the state of North Carolina. Soon after building a log cabin at the bank of Christian Creek, Davidson was lured into the woods by a band of Cherokee hunters and killed. Davidson's wife, child and female slave fled on foot to Davidson's Fort (named after Davidson's father General John Davidson) 16 miles away.

In response to the killing, Davidson's twin brother Major William Davidson and brother-in-law Colonel Daniel Smith formed an expedition to retrieve Samuel Davidson's body and avenge his murder. Months after the expedition, Major Davidson and other members of his extended family returned to the area and settled at the mouth of Bee Tree Creek.

The United States Census of 1790 counted 1,000 residents of the area, excluding the Cherokee. The county of Buncombe was officially formed in 1792. The county seat, named “Morristown” in 1793, was established on a plateau where two old Indian trails crossed. In 1797 Morristown was incorporated and renamed “Asheville” after North Carolina Governor Samuel Ashe.[6][7]

The Civil War

Asheville, with a population of approximately 2,500 by 1861, remained relatively untouched by the Civil War, but contributed a number of companies to the Confederate States Army, and a substantially smaller number of soldiers to the Union.[citation needed] For a time an Enfield rifle manufacturing facility was located in the town. The war came to Asheville almost as an afterthought, when the "Battle of Asheville" was fought in early April 1865 at the present-day site of the University of North Carolina at Asheville, with Union forces withdrawing to Tennessee after encountering resistance from a small group of Confederate senior and junior reserves and recuperating Confederate soldiers in prepared trench lines across the Buncombe Turnpike; orders had been given to the Union force to take Asheville only if this could be accomplished without significant losses.[citation needed]

An engagement was also fought later that month at Swannanoa Gap as part of the larger Stoneman's Raid, with Union forces retreating in the face of resistance from Brig. Gen. Martin, commander of Confederate troops in Western North Carolina, but returning to the area via Howard's Gap and Henderson County.[citation needed] In late April 1865 troops under the overall command of Union Gen. Stoneman captured Asheville.[citation needed] After a negotiated departure, the troops nevertheless subsequently returned and plundered and burned a number of Confederate supporters' homes in the town.[citation needed] The years following the War were a time of economic and social hardship in Buncombe County, as throughout most of the defeated South.[citation needed]


1900's to present

While Asheville prospered in the 1910s and 1920s, the Great Depression hit Asheville quite hard. Most of Asheville's banks closed. The 'per capita' debt held by the city (through municipal bonds) was the highest of any city in the nation. Rather than default, the city paid those debts over a period of 50 years. From the start of the Depression through the 1980s, economic growth in Asheville was slow. During this time of financial stagnation, most of the buildings in the downtown district remained unaltered. This resulted in one of the most impressive, comprehensive collections of Art Deco architecture in the United States.[8][9]

Heavy rains from the remnants of Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Ivan caused major flooding in Asheville in September 2004, particularly at Biltmore Village.

In 2003, Centennial Olympic Park bomber Eric Robert Rudolph was transported to Asheville from Murphy, North Carolina for arraignment in federal court.

Asheville has adopted at least two nicknames over its history:

General information

Asheville pops up on national rankings for a variety of things: Modern Maturity named it one of "The 50 Most Alive Places To Be,"[10] AmericanStyle magazine called it one of "America's Top 25 Arts Destinations,"[11] Self magazine labeled it the "Happiest City for Women,"[12] it is one of AARP Magazine's "Best Places to Reinvent Your Life,"[13] and was proclaimed the "New Freak Capital of the U.S." by Rolling Stone. Asheville has also been called "a New Age Mecca" by CBS News' Eye On America,[14] and named the "most vegetarian-friendly" small city in America by PETA.[15] Begun in 2005, Asheville has its own new age talk radio program, VIRATO LIVE![3]

In 2007, Asheville was named one of the top seven places to live in the U.S. by Frommer's Cities Ranked and Rated, #23 of 200 metro areas for business and careers by Forbes, and the best place to live in the country by Relocate-America. It was also named one of the world's top 12 must-see destinations for 2007 by Frommer's travel guides.

Asheville and the surrounding mountains are also popular in the autumn when fall foliage peaks in October. The scenic Blue Ridge Parkway runs through the Asheville area and near the Biltmore Estate.

File:DtwnAsheville.JPG
Downtown Asheville is a major attraction for tourists in the area

Mayor Terry Bellamy (the city's first African-American female mayor) is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition[16], a bi-partisan group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets." The Coalition is co-chaired by Boston Mayor Thomas Menino and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg. In 2005, Asheville signed the U.S. Conference of Mayors Mayors Climate Protection Agreement, and in 2007 signed an agreement with Warren Wilson College stating the intent of the city and college to work together toward climate partnership goals.

Transportation

Asheville is served by Asheville Regional Airport in nearby Fletcher, North Carolina, and by Interstate 40, Interstate 240, and Interstate 26. A milestone was achieved in 2003 when Interstate 26 was extended from Mars Hill (north of Asheville) to Johnson City, Tennessee completing a 20-year half-billion dollar construction project through the Blue Ridge Mountains. Work continues to improve Interstate 26 from Mars Hill to Interstate 40 by improving U.S. Route 19 and U.S. Route 23 and the western part of Interstate 240. This construction will include a multi-million dollar bridge to cross the French Broad River and is not slated to start until after 2008.[17]

The city operates the Asheville Transit System, which consists of several bus lines connecting parts of the city and surrounding areas.

The Norfolk Southern Railroad passes through the city, though passenger service is currently not available in the area.

Geography

Asheville is located in the Blue Ridge Mountains at the confluence of the Swannanoa River and the French Broad River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 107.0 km² (41.3 mi²). 106.0 km² (40.9 mi²) of it is land and 1.0 km² (0.4 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.94% water.

Climate

Asheville's weather resembles the weather of the rest of the southeastern U.S., but with somewhat cooler temperatures due to the higher altitude. The highest recorded temperature in Asheville was 100°F (37°C) in 1983[18], and the lowest recorded temperature was -16°F (-27°C) in 1985 [19]. In winter, low temperatures regularly fall below freezing, and Asheville almost always receives snow and freezing rain a few times each year.

Climate data for Asheville, North Carolina
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Source: Weatherbase[20]

Neighborhoods

  • North - includes the neighborhoods of Albemarle Park, Beaverdam, Beaver Lake, Grove Park, Kimberly, Montford, Norwood Park, and Reynolds Mountain. Montford was designated a local historic district by the Asheville City Council in 1980. Albemarle Park was designated a local historic district by the Asheville City Council in 1989.
  • East - includes the neighborhoods of Beverly Hills, Chunn's Cove, Haw Creek, Oakley, Oteen, and Town Mountain.
  • West - includes the neighborhoods of Deaverview Park, Emma, Hi-Alta Park, Malvern Hills, Sulphur Springs, and West Asheville.
  • South - includes the neighborhoods of Ballantree, Biltmore Village, Reynolds, Biltmore Park, Kenilworth, and Skyland. Biltmore Village was designated a local historic district by the Asheville City Council in 1987.

Architecture

Biltmore Estate today

The city is known for the lavish Biltmore Estate, the largest privately owned home in America, which attracts over a million visitors each year. Other notable architecture in Asheville includes its Art Deco city hall and other unique buildings in the downtown area such as the Battery Park Hotel, the Neo-Gothic Jackson Building, Grove Arcade and the Basilica of St. Lawrence. The Grove Park Inn is an important example of architecture and design of the Arts and Crafts movement. The Montford neighborhood and other central areas are considered historic districts and include Victorian houses. On the other hand, Biltmore Village, located at the entrance to the famous estate, showcases unique architectural features that are only found in the Asheville area. It was here that workers stayed during the construction of George Vanderbilt's estate. Today, however, as with many of Asheville's historical districts, it has been transformed into a district home to quaint, trendy shops and interesting boutiques. The YMI Cultural Center, founded in 1892 by George Vanderbilt in the heart of downtown, is one of the nation's oldest African-American cultural centers.[21][22]

Demographics

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 68,889 people, 30,690 households, and 16,726 families residing in the city. The population density was 650.0/km² (1,683.4/mi²). There were 33,567 housing units at an average density of 316.7/km² (820.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 77.95% White, 17.61% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.92% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.53% from other races, and 1.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.76% of the population.

There were 30,690 households out of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.5% were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the city the population was spread out with 19.6% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,772, and the median income for a family was $44,029. Males had a median income of $30,463 versus $23,488 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,024. About 10.3% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.9% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

Metropolitan area

Asheville is the largest city located within the Asheville MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Area). The MSA includes Buncombe County; Haywood County; Henderson County; and Madison County; with a combined population - as of the 2006 Census Bureau population estimate - of 398,009.

Apart from Asheville, the MSA includes Hendersonville and Waynesville, along with a number of smaller incorporated towns: Biltmore Forest, Black Mountain, Canton, Clyde, Flat Rock, Fletcher, Hot Springs, Laurel Park, Maggie Valley, Mars Hill, Marshall, Mills River, Montreat, Weaverville, and Woodfin.

Several sizable unincorporated rural and suburban communities are also located nearby: Arden, Barnardsville (incorporated until 1970), Bent Creek, Candler, Enka, Fairview, Jupiter (incorporated until 1970), Leicester, Oteen, Skyland, and Swannanoa.

Though technically beyond the boundaries of the MSA, a number of other nearby towns, including Brevard (an hour drive) and Old Fort (a 30 minute drive) are also often considered part of the Asheville region.

Asheville is also part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson-Asheville Designated Market Area (DMA), a grouping corresponding to TV and radio markets.

Education

Asheville High School Main Entrance

Public Asheville City Schools include Asheville High School, Asheville Middle School, Claxton Elementary, Hall Fletcher Elementary, Isaac Dickson Elementary, Jones Elementary, and Vance Elementary. Asheville High has been ranked by Newsweek Magazine as one of the top 100 high schools in the United States. The Buncombe County School System operates high schools, middle schools, and elementary schools both inside and outside the city of Asheville.

Asheville is also home to several charter schools, including Francine Delany New School for Children, one of the first charter schools in North Carolina.

Two private residential high schools are located in the Asheville area: the all-male Christ School (located in Arden) and the coeducational Asheville School. Each offers a rigorous college preparatory curriculum and enrolls boarding students from around the world in addition to local day students. Several other private schools, including Rainbow Mountain Children's School, Asheville Christian Academy, Hanger Hall School for Girls, The New Classical Academy and Carolina Day School, enroll local day students. In addition, New City Christian School is a private school whose mission is to educate low-income students.

Asheville and its surrounding area is home to several institutions of higher education:

Local culture

Music

Live music is a significant element in the tourism-based economy of Asheville and the surrounding area. Seasonal festivals and numerous nightclubs offer opportunities for visitors and locals to attend a wide variety of live entertainment events.[23] Asheville is host to numerous clubs and performance venues. In particular, Asheville has a very strong street performer ("busking") community, giving rise to such bands as Brother Fatback. Outdoor festivals, such as Bele Chere and the Lexington Avenue Arts & Fun Festival, feature local music. One of the most popular annual events is "Shindig on the Green," which happens Saturday nights during July and August on City/County Plaza. By tradition, the Shindig starts "along about sundown" and features local bluegrass bands and dance teams on stage, and informal jam sessions under the trees surrounding the County Courthouse.

DJ music, as well as a small, but active, dance community are also components of the downtown musical landscape. The town is also home to the Asheville Symphony and the Asheville Lyric Opera and there are a number of bluegrass, country, and traditional mountain musicians in the Asheville area. A residency at local music establishment the Orange Peel by Smashing Pumpkins in 2007 brought national attention to Asheville.[24]

Sports

Club Sport Founded League Venue Asheville Tourists Baseball 1897 South Atlantic McCormick Field Asheville Grizzlies Football ?? NAFL Memorial Stadium

Area colleges and universities, such as the University of North Carolina at Asheville, compete in sports. UNCA's sports teams are known as the Bulldogs and play in the Big South Conference. The Fighting Owls of Warren Wilson College are respected for their mountain biking and ultimate teams. The College is also home of the Hooter Dome, where the Owls play their home basketball games.

Asheville boasts several club sports with generally open membership including Asheville Rugby, Asheville Rowing Club, Asheville Lacrosse Club, Asheville Track Club, and the Asheville Ultimate Community. The Asheville Lightning Junior Olympic Team is open to boys and girls from 6 to 18 can participate.

Asheville is a major hub of whitewater recreation, particularly whitewater kayaking, in the eastern US. Many kayak manufacturers have their bases of operation in the Asheville area [25] and some of the most distinguished whitewater kayakers live in or around Asheville, including Shane Benedict, Woody Calloway, Robert Pearson, Al Gregory, Pat Keller, Buffy Bailey Burge, Andrew Holcombe, Tommy Hilleke, Andria Baldovin, Anna Levesque, Whitney Lonsdale, Maria Nokes, Katie Hilleke, Jennifer Cribbs and Molly Malone.[26] In its July/August 2006 journal, the group American Whitewater named Asheville one of the top five US whitewater cities along with Johnstown, Pennsylvania; Chico/Oroville, California; Boise, Idaho and Washington, DC.[27]

Performing Arts

Asheville has long held a tradition of live theatre, dance, and opera. The Asheville Community Theatre was founded in 1946, producing the first amateur production of the Appalachian drama, Dark of the Moon. Soon after, the young actors Charlton Heston and wife Lydia Clarke would take over the small theatre. The Mainstage Auditorium in the current home of the theatre is named for the couple, the Heston Auditorium.

The North Carolina Stage Company is currently the only resident professional theatre in the downtown area. Although there are several independent professional companies, none of them have a permanent venue.

The Diana Wortham Theatre is a neoclassical theatre. It serves as the home to, among other companies, the Asheville Lyric Opera, and the Terpsicorps dance company.

In 2004, the Asheville Arts Center opened. It is a theatre, dance, and music studio designed for arts education. The Grand Hall of the Arts Center also is a regular venue for local bands as well as the Asheville Movement Collective.

Film & TV

Although the area has had a long history with the entertainment industry, recent developments are cementing Asheville as a potential growth area for both film and TV. The Asheville Film Festival is now in its third year, and the city is an annual participant in the 48 Hour Film Project. The city's public access cable station URTV began airing programs in the spring of 2006. Notable films made (at least partially) in the area include: Searching for Angela Shelton, Last of the Mohicans, Being There, My Fellow Americans, The Fugitive, All The Real Girls, Richie Rich, Hannibal, Songcatcher, Patch Adams, Nell, Forrest Gump, Mr. Destiny, Dirty Dancing, Bull Durham, The Private Eyes (1981 film), The Swan, The Clearing, and 28 Days. Locally produced films include: Vance, The Devil's Courthouse, Inbred Rednecks, 78, Sinkhole, The Nudger, Golden Throats of the 20th Century, Ether, Brother Cellophane and For Catherine, as well as a number of forthcoming projects such as Moon Europa, Golden Blade III: Return of the Monkey's Uncle and Asheville, The Movie. Local film-production groups include: Tabula Rasa Studios, B-clip Productions, 207 Pictures, A Viewpoint Productions, Blue Ridge Motion Pictures, Ironwood Media Group, Harrow Beauty, and Buried Pictures.

Media

Asheville is in the "Greenville-Spartanburg-Asheville-Anderson" television DMA and the "Asheville" radio ADI for the city's AM stations and FM stations.[28][29] The Asheville Citizen-Times is Asheville's daily newspaper which covers most of Western North Carolina. The Mountain Xpress is an alternative newsweekly that covers arts and politics in the region.

WNC magazine is based in Asheville and covers the entire WNC region.

The Mountain Area Information Network [4] (MAIN) is a unique nonprofit Internet service provider (ISP) and regional news portal that includes low-power FM radio station, WPVM, at 103.5 FM.

Famous residents

Current

Deceased

Points of interest

Sister cities

Asheville has five sister cities:[30]

References

  1. ^ a b Population Finder: Asheville, North Carolina. U.S. Census Bureau, 2005 Population Estimates. Accessed February 10, 2007. Cite error: The named reference "Census" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ "Original extent of Cherokee claims 1732" (map/.GIF). Collection at the University of Georgia. 1996-06-26. Retrieved 2006-07-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  3. ^ The Historic News (1999). "A History of Asheville and Buncombe County" (text/.html). Old Buncombe County Genealogical Society. Retrieved 2006-07-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ "Cherokee History, Part One" (text/.html). Lee Sultzman. 1996-02-28. Retrieved 2006-07-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  5. ^ "Asheville - 0-1800 The Early Settlers" (text/.html). Asheville.be. 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ Caton, Alex S. (1999–2004). "The Early Settlement of Buncombe Country and the Drover's Road" (text/.html). Smith-McDowell House Museum. Retrieved 2006-07-23. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date format (link)
  7. ^ "Western North Carolina Heritage: Asheville" (text/.htm). Land of the Sky. 2001–2002. Retrieved 2006-07-23. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date format (link)
  8. ^ http://toto.lib.unca.edu/collaborative_projects/about.htm
  9. ^ http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/asheville/preservation.htm
  10. ^ Modern Maturity. May-June 2000,
  11. ^ AmericanStyle Magazine, Summer 2001, 2002, 2003 & 2004.
  12. ^ Self Magazine, October 2002.
  13. ^ AARP Magazine, May-June 2003, [1]
  14. ^ CBS News' Eye On America, 1996. [2].
  15. ^ "America's Best Vegetarian-Friendly Small Cities" (html). GoVeg.com. PETA. undated. Retrieved 2006-10-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ "Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members".
  17. ^ "I-26 Connector, Asheville, NC" (html). Public Information Website. North Carolina Department of Transportation. undated. Retrieved 2006-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  18. ^ NOAA records for August - Asheville, NC
  19. ^ http://www.erh.noaa.gov/gsp/climate/ahljan.htm NOAA records for January - Asheville, NC
  20. ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Asheville, North Carolina, United States of America". {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ Putting YMI on the Map: The YMI Cultural Center History Project
  22. ^ http://www.ymicc.org/history.html
  23. ^ "Music pumps up economy, enlivens nightlife"; Michael Flynn; Asheville Citizen-Times; August 22, 2003 http://www.romanticasheville.com/livemusic.htm
  24. ^ "Smashing Pumpkins' return puts Asheville on music map"; Associated Press; June 22, 2007 http://www.ledger-dispatch.com/life/lifeview.asp?c=217801
  25. ^ http://www.mountainx.com/features/2007/031407kayak
  26. ^ American Whitewater Journal July/August 2006 (not published on the web yet)
  27. ^ American Whitewater Journal July/August 2006 (not published on the web yet)
  28. ^ http://www.truckads.com/Affiliate/Greenville_Spartanburg_Asheville_Anderson.htm#map
  29. ^ http://www.arbitron.com/radio_stations/mm001050.asp
  30. ^ "Asheville Sister Cities." Asheville Sister Cities Inc. Retrieved on August 3, 2007.

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