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Physical education

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Physical instruction at the U.S. Naval Training Station, Newport, Rhode Island, 1917

In most educational systems, physical education (P.E.) class, also called physical training (PT), though each with a very different connotation, is a course in the curriculum which utilizes learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting. The term physical education is most commonly used in this way; however, this denotes rather that "they have participated in the subject area, not studied it."[1]

The primary aims of physical education vary historically, based on the needs of the time and place. Often, many different types of physical education occur simultaneously, some intentionally and others not. Most modern school systems claim their intent is to equip students with the knowledge, skills, capacities, and values along with the enthusiasm to maintain a healthy lifestyle into adulthood. Some schools also require physical education as a way to promote weight loss in students. Activities included in the program are designed to promote physical fitness, to develop motor skills, to instill knowledge and understanding of rules, concepts, and strategies, and to teach students to work as part of a team, or as individuals, in a wide variety of competitive activities.

School curriculum

Physical education is that phase of education which through the median of motor activity guides an indvidual to a successful solution to everyday living

In the United States, the physical education curriculum is designed to allow pupils exposure to the following categories of activities: aquatics, conditioning activities, gymnastics, individual/dual sports, team sports, rhythms, and dance. The technology movement has spilled over into the field of physical education with the use of pedometers, GPS, and heart rate monitors. Some martial arts classes, like wrestling in the United States, and Pencak Silat in France, are also offered to teach students self-defense and to feel good about themselves. On July 18, 1975, the United States House of Representatives voted to require school physical education classes include both genders.[2] Some high school and some middle school PE classes are single-sex. [citation needed]Currently, Illinois is the only state in the U.S. that requires daily physical education classes for all children.

In Scotland pupils are expected to do two periods of pe in first year, one in second year and two in third and fourth year. In fifth and six year pe is only done by choice

Clothing

The majority of schools require pupils to change into a different set of trainers or go barefoot. Some schools require students to change into athletic clothes of their own choosing while others require a uniform. A common uniform consists of a white t-shirt and shorts in the school color, but this is not a universal rule. At some Catholic schools, modest clothing is required. For safety, some schools require males to wear a jock strap as part of the physical education uniform. Some schools allow male students to go barechested when they are outside during a hot day. Most uniformed classes require the student to label their name on their clothes.

Occasionally, certain activities will require a special uniform. For example, some schools require swimming as part of the physical education curriculum. In this case, students typically have to wear a bathing suit in either the school color or black with a swimming cap of the same color. In the past it wasn't uncommon for schools to allow or require male or female students to swim in the nude if the class was single-sex. Also, in games with two or more teams, students usually have to wear colored jerseys or cape-like garments over the usual uniform as a way of identifying team member.

In some schools they are not as strict and pupils can wear tracksuit bottoms, three-quarter lenghts or even shorts, with a t-shirt of there choice as long as there is no football, ruby etc colours.

A Canadian Initiative: Daily Physical Activity (DPA)

Starting in September 2005, all Alberta students from grades one to nine are to be active for at least 30 minutes a day. Daily physical activity (DPA) aims to increase physical activity levels among students in order to curb increasing rates of obesity and chronic diseases. A physical education class counts towards the 30-minute daily minimum or physical activity can be incorporated throughout the school day and integrated into other subjects.

DPA and daily physical education (DPE) are different concepts. Physical activity is body movement that expends energy, while physical education is a school subject designed to help children and youth develop the skills, knowledge, and attitudes needed to participate in active, healthy living.

The goal of daily physical activity (DPA) is to increase students’ physical activity levels. Schools have been given a great deal of flexibility to find creative ways to provide thirty minutes of daily physical activity for all grades one to nine students. DPA is important for all schools. Healthy students are better able to learn, and supportive environments help students develop positive habits for a healthy, active lifestyle.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ Anderson, D. (1989). The Discipline and the Profession. Foundations of Canadian Physical Education, Recreation, and Sports Studies. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
  2. ^ Vanderbilt NBC News Archive http://openweb.tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/1975-7/1975-07-18-NBC-17.html
  3. ^ Barthel, Shelley (December, 2005). "Run, Jump and Throw: Implementing Daily Physical Activity". WellSpring. 16 (6). Retrieved 2007-11-19. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help).
  • Peller, R. P. (2002). Dynamic Physical Education for Secondary School Students (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings.
  • Pangrazi, R. P. (2004). Dynamic Physical Education for Elementary School Children (14th ed.). Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Siedentop, D., Hastie, P. A., & van der Mars, H. (2004). Complete Guide to Sport Education. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Pérez García, Á., Molina Jiménez, J.A., Millán Galindo, J.D. "Spanish Education". 2005.
  • C. Jensen & S. Overman. Administration and Management of physical education and Athletic Programs. 4th edition. Waveland Press, 2003.
  • J. Stillwell & C. Willgoose. The Physical Education Curriculum. 5th edition. Waveland Press, 2002.
  • D. Siedentop. Introduction to Physical Education, Fitness, and Sport. McGraw Hill, 2003
  • D. Van Dalen. A World History of Physical Education: Cultural, Philosophical, Comparative. 2nd edition. Prentice-Hall, 1971.
  • Kelly E. Duell, M.A. "Standard-Based Physical Education: Complete Lesson Plans for Children." 1st edition. Human Kinetics, 2006-2007.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Jahn http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/JFK+in+History/The+Federal+Government+Takes+on+Physical+Fitness.htm

PERD] American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance
  • CAHPERD Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance
  • NAKPEHE National Association for Kinesiology and Physical Education in Higher Education
  • SSDHPER Society of State Directors of Health, Physical Education & Recreation
  • afPE Association for Physical Education (United Kingdom)
  • PE4Life Non-profit Physical Education advocacy group
  • PE Central Resources for Health and Physical Education
  • Sports Media Tool for everyone interested in Physical Education & Sports
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