Quantifier shift

A logical fallacy in which the quantifiers of a statement are erroneously transposed. The change in the logical nature of the statement may not be obvious when it is stated in a natural language like English.

Definition

The fallacious deduction is that: For every A, there is a B, such that C. Therefore, there is a B, such that for every A, C.

$\forall x\exists yRxy\vdash \exists y\forall xRxy$

However, an inverse switching:

$\exists y\forall xRxy\vdash \forall x\exists yRxy$

is logically valid.

Examples

1. Every person has a woman that is their mother. Therefore, there is a woman that is the mother of every person.

$\forall$x$\exists$y(Px $\to$ (Wy & M(yx))) therefore $\exists$y$\forall$x(Wy $\to$ (Px & M(yx)))

It is fallacious to conclude that there is a single woman who is the mother of all people.

However, if the major premise ("every person has a woman that is their mother") is assumed to be true, then it is valid to conclude that there is some woman who is any given person's mother.

2. Everybody has something to believe in. Therefore, there is something that everybody believes in.

$\forall$x$\exists$y Bxy therefore $\exists$y$\forall$x Bxy

It is fallacious to conclude that there is some particular concept to which everyone subscribes.

It is valid to conclude that each person believes a given concept. But it is entirely possible that each person believes in a unique concept.