Inimica vis
Inimica vis (On Freemasonry) was a Papal Encyclical addressed to the bishops of Italy.[1]
It remarked on the multiple condemnations of Freemasonry over the preceding century and a half and concentrated on the local difficulties of the Italian church. It was promulgated by Leo XIII in 1892. It is still quoted in current Catholic criticisms of Freemasonry.[2]
It is viewed as reproving the Italian bishops for an apathetic response to Freemasonry[3] and it complained that some members of the Catholic clergy were co-operating with the Masonic and anticlerical government of Italy.[4] It was seen as the start of Papal "bargaining" with the forces symbolised by Freemasonry,[5] although it has also been noted that Freemasonry was denounced as a "vile sect".[6]
18 December 1892
On the same date as Inimica vis, Pope Leo XIII wrote Custodi di Qualla Fede, an encyclical epistle addressed to the Italian people, attacking Freemasonry.
References
- ^ Inimica vis, text of the encyclical
- ^ Bearing “False” Witness Continues, Mark Alessio, The Remnant
- ^ p. 48, That They Be One: The Social Teaching of the Papal Encyclicals, by Michael Joseph Schuck, 1991, Georgetown University Press
- ^ ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH LAW REGARDING FREEMASONRY, by Reid McInvale
- ^ The Miter and The Trowel by William G. Madison]
- ^ page 144, World Christianities, C. 1815-1914, y Sheridan Gilley, Brian Stanley, Cambridge University Press
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