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Brahmanbaria District

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Template:Infobox of BD districts For more information visit [1] Brahmanbaria (Template:Lang-bn) is a district in east-central Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chittagong Division. It was part of greater Comilla District until 1984. Before 1830 the Sarail Pargana was a part of Mymensingh district. The district has 4 municipalities, 39 wards, 97 mahallas, 7 upazilas, 98 union parishads, 1052 mouzas and 1329 villages.

Geography

Brahmanbaria district is located at the east-central region of Bangladesh. It has a total area of 1927.11 km². Brahmanbaria is bounded by Kishoreganj District and Habiganj District on the north, Comilla District on the south, Habiganj District and Tripura State, India on the east and Meghna River, Kishoreganj District, Narsingdi District and Narayanganj District on the west.

The geography of the district is characterized by low-lying land with small hills and hillocks of red soil. Annual highest average temperature is 34.3 °C and lowest 12.7 °C. Total annual rainfall is 2551 mm. The main rivers of the district are the Meghna River, and the Titas River,Buri and Haora; Mehedi and Akashi haors are notable.

Administrative units

Brahmanbaria district is divided into eight Upazillas (previously known as Thanas). These are:

The current District and Sessions Judge is Mr. Mostafa Inamul Hafiz, Chief Judicial Magistrate is Mr.Md. Hadiujjaman, DC is Mr. Md. Abdul Hye, SP is Mr. Lutfur Rahman Mondal.

Parliament constituencies

There are six Jatiyo Shangshad constituencies in Brahmanbaria district. These are:

  • Natioanl seat no 243 Brahmanbaria 1 (Current MP Mohammad Sayedul Haq)
  • Natioanl seat no 244 Brahmanbaria 2 (Current MP Ziaul Haque Mridha)
  • Natioanl seat no 245 Brahmanbaria 3 (Current MP Lutful Hai Sachchu)
  • Natioanl seat no 246 Brahmanbaria 4 (Current MP Mohammed Shah Alam)
  • Natioanl seat no 247 Brahmanbaria 5 (Current MP Shah Zikrul Ahmad)
  • Natioanl seat no 248 Brahmanbaria 6 (Current MP A B Tajul Islam)

For more information visit [2]

Culture

Brahmanbaria has a rich tradition of the cultivation of art, education and culture. It is often figuratively called the cultural capital of Bangladesh. To the field of literature the contributions of Adyta Mallavarman, Jotirindra Nandi, Abdul Kadir, Fazal Shahabuddin are remarkable. The town also represents a rich tradition of musical endeavor. Ustad Allauddin Khan, the great musical talent of the sub continent and the father of 'Maihar Gharana' of Classical Indian music, was born in this district in 1862. Others who contributed to the arena of music from Brahmanbaria significantly are: Ustad Fakir (Tapas) Aftab Uddin Khan, Ustad Ayet Ali Khan, Ustad Ali Akbor Khan, Ustad Bahadur Hussain Khan, Ustad Abed Hussain Khan, Ustad Khadem Hussain Khan, Ustad Raja Hussain Khan, Amar Paul, Ustad Khurshid Khan, Subal Das, Syed Abdul Hadi and Ustad Afjalur Rahman. Ustad Ayet Ali Khan established the Alauddin Music College in Brahmanbaria in 1957 and Shilpacharya Zainul Abedin established the Alauddin Sangitayan in 1975. Mohorshee Monomohan Dutta is also a remarkable name for his "Molaya" music. Sachin Dev Burman (better known as SD Burman), the renowned musician of the sub-continent, spent some time in Brahmanbaria. Mr. Umesh Chandra Roy was one of the greatest musicians of Alauddin Music institute.'Titas is a name of river' is one of the greatest novel written in bangla, written by Adyta mallavarman who born in brahmanbaria ghukarna ghat.This book is also a textbook of higher secondary level.

Al Mahmud, one of the leading poets of modern Bengali, was born in Brahmanbaria in 1936.

History

Brahmanbaria was a part of Samatata Janapada of the ancient Bengal. The first and temporary capital of Isa Khan was at Sarail, located at 10 km north of Brahmanbaria Town. Brahmanbaria was made one of the 3 Sub-divisions of Comilla District by the British rulers in 1860. Brahmanbaria Municipality was established in 1868. It became part of East Pakistan in 1947 which eventually became independent Bangladesh in 1971. During the Mughal era, Brahmanbaria was famous for producing quality cloth Muslin.

During the 19th century, Brahmanbaria produced great nationalist leaders like Nawab Syed Shamsul Huda, who became president of All India Muslim League in 1921, and Barrister Abdur Rasul a front ranking leader of Indian National Congress. When the swadeshi movement began in the wake of the partition of Bengal (1905), Brahmanbaria born revolutionary Ullaskar Datta (Aviram) was convicted for throwing bomb and was deported to the Andamans. On 14 December 1931 Suniti Chowdhury, Shanti Ghosh and Gopal Deb killed the then District magistrate CCB Stevens at his residence by gunshot. During the peasant movement in 1930, Congress leader Abdul Hakim asked the peasants to stop payment of taxes. During the no-rent movement, four civilians were killed when the British soldiers indiscriminately fired on civilians.

Upon encouragement of Oli Ahad, a pioneer Language Movement leader who hailed from Brahmanbaria, the movement obtained momentum in this district in 1952.

Bir Sreshtho Mostafa Kamal obtained martyrdom in an encounter at Daruin of Akhaura during the War of Independence in 1971.The grave yard of this hero is situated at Mogra. For more information visit [3]

Demography

Predominant occupation of the district is agriculture, though the number of industrial workers, service sector personnel and commercial officials are on the rise.

Gender wise, 49.49% people of the district are male while 50.51% inhabitants are female.

Religious composition of the district is : Muslim - 90.73%, Hindu - 9.07%, Buddhist - 0.05%, Christian - 0.04% and Others - 0.11% [4]

Religious institutions: Mosque 1987, temple 134, and church 2.

For more information visit [5]

Newspaper

Locally published newspapers and periodicals Daily Brahmanbaria (1992) which has been published by Md. Nurul Hossain. Daily Pratibedan (1993), Daily Ajker Halchal (1997), Daily Titas Kanth (1999), Daily Samatat Barta (2000), Daily Dindarpan (2000); Md. Nurul Hossain also published Weekly Titas, Weekly Penbridg (1999), Fortnightly Charch (1997); Periodicals- Sahitya Academy Patrika, Nasirnagar Barta, Sarail Barta, Muktaprabaha; extinct- Bangabandhu (1875, Kalikachha), Usha (1893), Hira (1894), Sudhakar (nineteenth century), Santan (1913), Palli Pradip (1920, Kalikachha), Al Bushra (1921), Prajabandhu (1920), Chunta Prakash (1926), Tripura Prakash (1301 BS), Rayat Bandhu (1929, Kalikachha), Jayanti (nineteenth century), Sebak (1957), Parichaya (1964), Samaj (1966), Pari (1966), Vhela (1967), Tridhara (1967), Pratinidhi (1970), Pratibedan (1979), Renessa (1988), Belaseshe (1992, Sarail).

For more information visit [6]

Cultural organisations

Club 89, public library 9, cinema hall 16, womem's organisation 80, community centre 8, Shilpakala Academy 1, Shishu Academy 1, Museum 1, theatre stage 1, theatre group 8, opera party (extinct) 20, circus party 1, puppet-show party 10, literary society 20, cooperative society 832 and playground 85. Noted cultural organisations: BGFC Officers' Club, Brahmanbaria Public Library, Brahmanbaria Archives Museum, Town Hall (Ustad Alauddin Khan Municipal Auditorium), Royal Star Circus, Royal Bina Opera, Sahitya Academy; extinct- Lalmohan Library, Swashwata Brahmo-Samaj, Kalyan Sangha (revolutionary organisation), Pabitra Sangha and Sarail-Kalikaschha Club. mujlesh pur tetas boesh club . chan pur

For more information visit [7]

Economy

  • Main occupations: Agriculture 44.79%, agricultural labourer 15.82%, wage labourer 3.13%, commerce 12.26%, service 6.8%, fishing 2.02% and transport 1.85%, weaving 2.39% and others 10.94%.
  • Land Use: Total cultivable land 1,522.80 km²; fallow land 7 km²; single crop 28.38%, double crop 53.95% and triple crop land 17.67%; land under irrigation 55.31%.
  • Land Control: Among the peasants 11% are landless, 61% small, 24% intermediate and 4% rich; cultivable land 700 m² per head.
  • Fisheries/Dairies/Poultries: Poultry 83, fishery 64, dairy 61, hatchery 43, nursery 17 and artificial breeding centre 1.
  • Manufacturing plants: Fertiliser factory, flour mills, rice mills, ice factory, oil mill, saw mill, welding, etc. Zia Fertilizer, the biggest fertilizer factory of Bangladesh is located by the bank of Meghna at Ashuganj, which is a major trade centre of rice in the eastern part of Bangladesh.
  • Electric Power: Ashuganj Tap Bidyut Kendra(Power centre)located in the bank of Meghna,is the major power generation centre for capital Dhaka.Main raw material for this plant is Titas gas.
  • Minerals: Titas Gasfield is located some 100 km away to the direction of northern-east from capital city of Bangladesh, Dhaka. It lies at the outskirts of Brahmanbaria town. This field was discovered by Pakistan Shell Oil Company in 1962. The structure is an elongate north-south asymmetrical anticline measuring about 19x10 square km with a vertical closure of 500 m. As per latest official re-estimation, total recoverable gas reserve of Titas gas field is 4,740 billion cubic feet (134 km3). Commercial gas production from this field was commenced in 1968 and till August 31, 2006 total 2,581.162 billion cubic feet (7.30904×1010 m3) gas has been produced. The wells are spread (surface location) at 6 (six) different locations stretched over about 8 km distance. At present maximum 475 million cubic feet (13,500,000 m3) of gas is produced daily from 16 wells and supplied to the transmission pipelines of Titas Gas Transmission & Distribution Co. Ltd. (TGTDCL) and Gas Transmission Company Ltd. (GTCL). Condensate produced (540 bbl per day on an average) with gas as by-product is fractionated into MS (Petrol) and HSD(Diesel) through two fractionation plants and the products are being supplied to Padma Oil Company Ltd. Saldanodi Gas field is another gas field sitiuated in Kasba.It also plays an important contribution in national economy of Bangladesh.This is launched by BAPEX.Meghna Gas Field is another Gas field of Brahmanbaria.
  • Cottage Industries: The district is famous for the production of cotton fabrics. In the nineteenth century, Tanjeb, a fine quality muslin, used to be produced in Sarail. Hats, made of cane, are being produced at Radhika from the British period. Since Brahmanbaria has a rich tradition of boat race, boats are being made at Champanagar.

For more information visit [8]

Communications

Communicational facilities of Brahmanbaria district are :

  • Roads - pucca (paved) 266 km, semi pucca 86 km and mud road 1629 km;
  • Waterways 131- nautical miles;
  • Railways- 71 km.

Brahmanbaria Station,renovated in 2004, is one of the busiest Railway Stations in the Dhaka-Chittagong and Dhaka-Sylhet line. Akhaura Junction is the biggest railway junction in the eastern part of Bangladesh.

For more information visit [9]

Prominent Educational Institutions

  • Brahmanbaria Government College
  • Brahmanbaria Women College
  • Annada Government High School
  • Sabera Sobhan Girls' High School
  • Government Model Girls' High School
  • Niaz Mohammad High School
  • Brahmanbaria High School
  • Alhaj Harun Al Rashid Degree College, Shuhilpur.
  • Kuti Atal Bihari High School
  • Sarail Annada High School
  • Kheora Anandamoyi High School
  • Kalikacchha Pathshala High School
  • Akhaura Raiway Government High School
  • Kasba Govt.Boys High School
  • Kasba Govt.Girl's High School
  • Kasba T.Ali College
  • Kasba Girl's College
  • Kharera M High School
  • Kuti Girls High School
  • Nabinagar Pilot High School, Nabinagar
  • Nabinagar Government college
  • Kazi Shafiqul Islam Degree College, Islampur
  • Brilliant students Academy,Kharera,Kasba
  • Suhilpur Islamia Dakhil Madrashah,Suhilpur
  • Suhilpur High School,Suhilpur.
  • Bakil High School

Places of Interest

  • Deity at Kal Bhairab Temple, Medda (Early 19th century)
  • Fandauk Kali Temple, Fandauk
  • Jame Mosque of Sarail (1662)
  • Shrine(Mazar) of Kella Shahid at Akhaura (Early 18th century)
  • Tomb of Hazrat Syed Kazi Mahmud Shah (R)at Kazipara (Early 19th century)
  • Tofael-Azam Memorial Tower at the City Centre (1958)
  • Anderson Canal (Korolia Khal)
  • Sree Sree Anandamoyi Asrom, Kheora, Kasba
  • Sree Sree Anandamoyi Kalibari,Haldar Para,B.Baria
  • Tomb of Birsrestha Mustafa Kamal, Akhaura
  • Dharanti Ghat, Sarail
  • Bangladesh UK friendship Bridge, Ashuganj
  • Arphail Sagardighi Mosque & Twin Graves (sixteenth century), Sarail
  • Arphannesa Mosque,Sarail(1662)
  • Bhadurghar Shahi Mosque,Bhadurghar(1084 AH)
  • Satidaha Temple (Biddakut), Nabinagar
  • Hatir Pool (Elephant Bridge),Baraiura
  • Brahmanbaria Archives and Museum
  • Anderson Memorial, Kautali
  • Gopinath Jeor Temple, Fandauk
  • Shrine of Hazrat Shah Rahat Ali, Soyfullahkandi, Banchharampur.

References

  • Banglapedia Article on Brahmanbaria District by Shekh Muhammad Sayed Ullah Litu,National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh-BANGLAPEDIA,http://banglapedia.org
  • Muhammad Musa, Brahmanbariar Itibrittya, Shetu Prokashoni, Brahmanbaria 1998
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