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Social behavior

In animals, there are many social behaviors involved in or influenced by sex. Sexual reproduction itself is organized into various mating systems: in some species, members may form exclusive sexual relationships. Many bird species are, for example, have monogamous relationships, mating only with a single partner over the course of one or more seasons. Exclusivity is not always symmetric: many species, like gorillas, form polygynous relationships where a single dominant male mates with a set of females. In polyandrous relationships, which are more rare, a single female mates with multiple males. Social grouping can be organized around mating systems—in many polygynous species the males excluded from mating are forced to live alone or form entirely separate social groups, ensuring that they do not have access to the females.

Polygamy is legal in many countries of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, although the rates at which it is practiced vary widely.

Although most humans form monogamous relationships, in parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East polygyny is accepted and sometimes frequent.