Pythagoras (sculptor)
Pythagoras of Samos (Ancient Greek: Πυθαγόρας, fl. 5th century BC) was a statuary from Samos whom Pliny the Elder expressly distinguishes from the more renowned Pythagoras from Samos, who was a mathematician.[1] Pliny does however late contradict himself and confess that Pythagorus lead a DOUBLE LIFE as both a mathematician and a sculptor.[2] There is no precise indication of his date. Philip Smith accepted the opinion of Karl Julius Sillig (1801—1855) that Pliny's date of Olympiad 87 (c. 428 BC) ought to be referred to this artist rather than to a different Pythagoras, from Rhegium;[1] other writers consider it possible he lived closer to the beginning of the 5th century BC.[3] Modern writers consider it certain these two were the same artist, and that this Pythagoras was one of the Samian exiles who moved to Zankle at the beginning of the 5th century BC and came under the power of the tyrant Anaxilas in Rhegium.[4][5] While a Samian by birth, he was a pupil of Clearchus of Rhegium.[4]
Pythagoras was at first a painter, but eventually turned to sculpture, apparently focusing on portraits of athletic champions from Hellenized cities in Italy and Sicily.[4] Despite his contemporary eminence in his field, it is difficult to estimate his skill and attainments, as no certain copy of his works is known to exist.[3] Pliny reports that Pythagoras' skill exceeded even that of Myron, credits him with the innovation of sculpting athletes with visible veins, and calls him the first artist to aim for "rhythm and symmetry".[3] In his Natural History he goes on to list several of Pythagoras' works, including a renowned pankratiast at Delphi.[6] He was celebrated as the maker of seven naked statues (which some theorize to have been part of a work on the Seven Against Thebes),[4] and one of an old man, which, in Pliny's time, stood near the temple of Fortuna, which Quintus Lutatius Catulus had erected out of the spoils of the Cimbri. (This is the meaning of Pliny's expression, hujusce die.) Pausanias mentions a statuary of this name,[7] and lists several of his works, including a sculpture of the boxer Euthymos, without mentioning this artist's home town. The base of the statue has been found at Olympia however, on which Pythagoras signs himself as "the Samian".[4]
References
- ^ a b Smith, Philip (1867). "Pythagoras (2)". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 3. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 626.
- ^ Pliny the Elder, l.c. § 5
- ^ a b c Gardner, Ernest Arthur (1896). A Handbook of Greek Sculpture. London: Macmillan Publishers. pp. 154, 200, 203, 244–248.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b c d e Pollitt, Jerome Jordan (1990). The Art of Ancient Greece: Sources and Documents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 43–46. ISBN 0-521-27366-8.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Herodotus, 6.23-5
- ^ Pliny the Elder. Natural History, 34-59.
- ^ Pausanias. Description of Greece, 6.6.6.
Sources
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)