Palm (PDA)

Palm handhelds are Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) which run the Palm OS. Palm devices have evolved from handhelds to smartphones which run Palm OS, WebOS, and Windows Mobile. This page describes the range of Palm devices, from the first generation of Palm machines known as the Pilot through to the latest models currently produced by Palm, Inc including their new Palm Pre line of consumer smartphones.

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A Palm IIIxe unit with Accessories.

The Palm m130 was a later model which included a color screen

The Palm Treo 700p is one of many smartphones produced that combines Palm PDA functions with a cell phone, allowing for built-in voice and data.

On 28 April 2010 it was announced that Hewlett-Packard would acquire Palm for around US$1.2bn.^[1]

History

Initial development

Pilot was the name of the first generation of personal digital assistants manufactured by Palm Computing in 1996 (then a division of U.S. Robotics).

The prototype for the first Palm Connected Organizer was called "Palm Taxi". The first two generations of PDAs from Palm were referred to as "Palm-Pilots". Due to a trademark infringement lawsuit brought by the Pilot Pen Corporation, since 1998 ^[2] handheld devices from Palm have been known as Palm Connected Organizers or more commonly as "Palms". "Palm-Pilot" has entered the vernacular as a synonym for PDAs, regardless of the brand.

The inventors of the Pilot were Jeff Hawkins, Donna Dubinsky, and Ed Colligan, who founded Palm Computing. The original purpose of this company was to create handwriting recognition software for other devices, named Graffiti, but their research convinced them they could create better hardware as well. Before starting development of the Pilot, Hawkins said he carried a block of wood, the size of the potential Pilot, in his pocket for a week.^[3] Palm was widely perceived to have benefited from the notable if ill-fated earlier attempts to create a popular handheld computing platform by Go Corporation and Apple Computer.

The first Palms, the Pilot 1000 and Pilot 5000, had no infrared port, backlight, or flash memory, but did have a serial communications port. Their RAM size was 128 kB and 512 kB respectively, and they used version 1 of Palm OS. Later, it became possible to upgrade the Pilot 1000 or 5000's internals to up to 1 MB of internal RAM. This was done with the purchase of an upgrade module sold by Palm, and the replacement of some internal hardware components. Originally, it was conceived that all Palm PDAs were to be hardware-upgradeable to an extent, but ultimately, this capability gave way to external memory slots and firmware-upgradeable flash memory after the Palm III series.

The next generation

The next couple of Palms, called PalmPilot Personal and PalmPilot Professional, had a backlight, but still no infrared port or flash memory. Their RAM size was 512 kB and 1024 kB respectively. They used the more advanced version 2 of the Palm OS.

Palm III, and all the following Palms, did not have the word "Pilot" in their name due to legal disputes. ("Pilot" was, and still is, a registered trademark for pens.) Palm III had an IR port, backlight, and flash memory. The latter allowed to upgrade Palm OS, or, with some external applications, to store programs or data in flash memory. It ran on two standard AAA batteries. It was able to retain enough energy for 10–15 minutes to prevent data erasure during battery replacement. It had 2 Megabytes of memory, large at the time, and used Palm OS 3. (Palm also produced an upgrade card for the Pilot series, which made them functionally equivalent to a Palm III.)

Meanwhile, with Palm Computing now a subsidiary of 3Com, the founders felt they had insufficient control over the development of the Palm product. As a result, they left 3Com and founded Handspring in June 1998. When they left Palm, Hawkins secured a license for the Palm OS for Handspring, and the company became the first Palm OS licensee. Handspring went on to produce the Handspring Visor, a clone of the Palm handhelds that included a hardware expansion slot (early Palm devices also had a hardware expansion slot, however this was for device upgrade purposes, not peripherals) and used slightly modified software.

The next versions of Palm used Palm OS 3.1. These included Palm IIIx with 4 Megabytes of memory, Palm IIIe without flash memory or hardware expansion slot (and available for cheaper price), Palm V with 2 Megabytes of memory, and, Palm Vx with 8 Megabytes of memory.

Palm VII had wireless connection to some Internet services, but this connection worked only within USA. It used Palm OS 3.2. Palm IIIc was the first Palm handheld with color screen. It used Palm OS 3.5 which provided extensive tools for writing color applications.

Some of these newer handhelds, for example Palm V, used internal rechargeable batteries. Later this feature became standard for all Palms.

Palm handhelds initially ran on the popular DragonBall processors, a Motorola 68000 derivate. More recent models are using a variation of the popular ARM architecture (usually referred to by the Intel Xscale brand name). This is a class of RISC microprocessors that is widely used in mobile devices and embedded systems, and its design was influenced strongly by a popular 1970s/1980s CPU, the MOS Technology 6502.^{[citation needed]}

Recent history

Palm Computing was spun off into its own company (called Palm Incorporated) in 2000. Handspring later merged with Palm to form palmOne in 2003 when Palm Inc. split into companies based upon selling hardware (palmOne) and the software (PalmSource). In 2005, palmOne acquired the full rights to the Palm name by purchasing the shared rights PalmSource owned and changed names back to Palm again. PalmSource was acquired by ACCESS Systems in 2005, which subsequently sold the Palm OS source code back to Palm, Inc. in December, 2006.

Palm handhelds continue to advance, including the ability to access hard drives on computers via USB cables, and are beginning to merge with smartphones. The "Treo 700w" is one of the latest offering that combines a Palm handheld with mobile phone, e-mail, SMS, and instant messaging. It is the first Palm device to use Windows Mobile instead of Palm OS. It is widely expected that Palm handhelds as a PDA-only device will disappear as multi-function Palm handhelds like the Treo 650 decline in price. Multi function devices include several different abilities in the same package such as: an MP3 player, a camera, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or several other options. The Treo 650+ series is a multi-functioning series, packing in a camera, MP3, Bluetooth,and a phone. The Zire 71 and 72 are examples of this also. In 2007 Palm released the Palm Centro, a consumer-oriented smartphone running the Palm OS. It took a step away from the familiar Treo smartphone by making it thinner and changing the overall appearance of it. The Centro is a very successful smartphone as it combines many features with a lower price. Since then, Palm has also released the Palm Treo 500v, a similar device to the Centro which is also directed at the consumer market. Palm's newest offering, the Palm Pre, and Palm Pixi use the company's new WebOS, which is an embedded Linux operating system that hosts a custom user interface built on standard web browser technology^[4].

List of PDA models

Handhelds

Palm T/X ML handheld bundle pack

Trēo Smartphones

Centro Smartphones

Palm Centro

webOS Smartphones

Discontinued models


Discontinued Model	Replacement model
Pilot 1000	PalmPilot Personal
Pilot 5000	Palm Pilot Professional
PalmPilot Personal	Palm III
PalmPilot Professional	Palm IIIx
Palm III	m100
Palm IIIe	m100
Palm IIIx	m105
Palm IIIxe	m125
Palm IIIc	m130
Handspring Visor	Zire 31
Palm V	Palm m500
Palm Vx	m500
Palm VII	VIIx
Palm VIIx	i705
Palm m100	m105
Palm m105	Zire
Palm m125	Zire 31
Palm m130	Zire 71
Palm m500	Tungsten E2
Palm m505	m515
Palm m515	Tungsten E2
Palm i705	Treo 650
Tungsten E	Tungsten E2
Tungsten T	Tungsten T2
Tungsten T2	Tungsten T3
Tungsten T3	Tungsten T5
Tungsten T5	TX
Tungsten W	Treo 600
Tungsten C	TX
Zire	Zire 21
Zire 21	Z22
Zire 31	none
Zire 71	Zire 72
Zire 72	none
Handspring Treo 90\|Treo 90	none, last Handspring PDA
Handspring Treo 180	Treo 270
Handspring Treo 180g	Treo 270
Handspring Treo 270	Treo 600
Handspring Treo 300	Treo 600
Treo 600	Treo 650
Treo 650	Treo 680, Treo 700p, Treo 755p
Treo 700w	Treo 700wx
Treo 680	Centro
LifeDrive	none
TX	none
TE2	none
Z-22	none

References

^ HP to acquire Palm, USA Today
^ http://www.rctj.gov.cn/ssnews/show.asp?url=TechNews/other/2004-06-01/1005369730.shtml
^ Palm-to-Palm combat
^ "Overview of webOS". Fundamentals, Dev Guide. Palm Developer Center, Palm, Inc. 2010. Archived from the original on 11 August 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2010. {{cite web}}: External link in |authorlink= (help)

External links

Palm.com

[1] HP to acquire Palm, USA Today

[2] ttp://www.rctj.gov.cn/ssnews/show.asp?url=TechNews/other/2004-06-01/1005369730.shtml

[3] Palm-to-Palm combat

[webos-4] "Overview of webOS". Fundamentals, Dev Guide. Palm Developer Center, Palm, Inc. 2010. Archived from the original on 11 August 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2010. {{cite web}}: External link in |authorlink= (help)

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