Nuraly Khan
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Nuraly (Nurgali Ghazi-bakhadur) — the khan of Junior juz, eldest son of Abulkhair khan. Was born in 1704, died in 1790.
Biography
He supported strengthening of the Russian-Kazakh relations. In 1748 Nuraly was approved as the khan of Junior juz. The imperial government appointed to him a salary of 600 rubles. In own activity Nuraly completely depended on the Russian administration. In the first years of board he continued policy of the father and worked according to instructions of mother Bopay khanym. Nuraly khan several times sent embassies to queen Elizabeth Petrovna, trying to prove groundlessness of capture of the Kazakh steppe.
However strengthening of a colonial orientation of policy of tsarism complicated an internal political situation in juz. He was fight against the Orenburg administration which has followed the road of open colonization of Cisural area.
Nuraly khan provided safe advance of trade caravans on the territory of lands subject to him, Zhayyk — Volga achieved permission of the imperial government to using pastures to Entre Rios. In 1755 promoted suppression of the Bashkir revolt.In 1756 the imperial decree forbidding to Kazakhs in winter time to overtake cattle on the right coast of Ural was issued. In these conditions in auls of Junior juz the grass-roots movement which soon developed into liberating war begins. Fortresses and other military constructions which the tsarism intensively erected especially down the river Ural, urged to defend the Russian settlements from attacks of nomads, turned into the centers of colonization of the Kazakh lands. Depending on specific conditions the imperial authorities also are more whole didn't reckon and with a position of khan Nuraly who under pressure of tribespeople shy showed discontent in connection with military measures of replacement of Kazakhs from patrimonial houses.
In 1771 Nuraly khan prevented resettlement of yaitsky Kalmyks to Dzungaria. During Country war 1773-1775 Nuraly khan kept in contact with E.Pugachev (met it in September and December, 1773), but risen didn't support. At Nuraly's board along with growth of feudalism and oppression colonization in Junior juz race for power between feudal groups amplified.The imperial government sent retaliatory groups to the area of concentration of insurgents. In such conditions, having seen obvious crisis of the power of khan Nuraly, the imperial government decided to begin negotiations with foremen of the risen childbirth. In the fall 1785 congress of foremen where the appeal to imperial administration was accepted was carried out. Insurgents made the following demands: to return to Kazakhs the territory between Zhaik and Edil; to stop attacks of the Ural Cossacks to the Kazakh steppe, to discharge of the power of khan Nuraly. In April, 1786 the khan, Nuraly ran to Orenburg. On June 6, 1786 the special decree Ekaterina II deprived Nuraly of khans's advantage. Him put in prison of the Ural fortress, then sent into exile to Ufa where he died in 1790.The Russian government decided to use the created situation for abolition of the khans's power in the steppe. The governor general O. a background Igelstr offered the project of management Junior juz where all territory has to be divided into three parts headed by sultans-governors. However the new control system was impractical. "The boundary court" didn't work, all power in the steppe appeared in hands of patrimonial foremen.
Russia, feeling that loses control over the Kazakh steppe, decided to restore the khans's power and a former control system. In the fall of 1790 Kazakhs proclaimed the khan of influential sultan Esim, the son of Semek. The imperial administration didn't recognize these elections and submitted for the approval the candidate of the brother of the former khan Nuraly — Eraly. In August, 1791 to a place of "election" of Eraly armies were pulled together. In such conditions the new khan of Junior juz was elected.
Used literature
State children's library of S.Begalin
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