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2014 FIFA World Cup

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2014 FIFA World Cup
Copa do Mundo da FIFA
Brasil 2014[1]
2014 FIFA World Cup logo
Tournament details
Host countryBrazil
Dates12 June – 13 July (32 days)
Teams32 (from 5 or 6 confederations)
Venue(s)12 (in 12 host cities)
← 2010
2018 →

The 2014 FIFA World Cup will be the 20th FIFA World Cup, an international football tournament, that is scheduled to take place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014.[2] It will be the second time that Brazil has hosted the competition, the previous being in 1950. Brazil will become the fifth country to have hosted the World Cup twice, after Mexico, Italy, France and Germany.

Thirty-two countries' teams will take part in the finals tournament, playing in 12 cities throughout Brazil. It is scheduled to be the first World Cup to be held in South America since the 1978 World Cup in Argentina, the first time two consecutive World Cups are staged outside Europe, and the first time two consecutive World Cups are staged in the Southern Hemisphere, since the 2010 World Cup was held in South Africa. It will also be the first World Cup to use goal-line technology.[3]

Spain is the defending champion, having defeated the Netherlands 1–0 in the 2010 World Cup final. It will also be the first finals appearance of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The sale of tickets for the World Cup started on 20 August 2013. An estimated 3.3 million tickets will be available and the majority will be sold through FIFA's website.[4]

Host selection

Sepp Blatter announcing the Brazilian hosting.
Main article: 2014 FIFA World Cup bids

On 7 March 2003, FIFA announced that the tournament would be held in South America for the first time since Argentina hosted the competition in 1978, in line with its policy of rotating the right to host the World Cup amongst different confederations. On 3 June 2003, the South American Football Confederation CONMEBOL announced that Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia wanted to host the 2014 World Cup finals.[5] By 17 March 2004, the CONMEBOL associations had voted unanimously to adopt Brazil as their sole candidate.[6]

Brazil formally declared its candidacy in December 2006 and Colombia followed a few days later. The Argentina bid never materialised. On 11 April 2007, Colombia officially withdrew its bid, Francisco Santos Calderón the vice-president of Colombia announced that instead Colombia would be hosting the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup. With this development, Brazil became the only official candidate to host the 2014 event.[7]

Brazil won the right to host the event on 30 October 2007 as the only country to enter the bidding process.[8]

Qualification

Main article: 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification

The allocation of places for the final tournament was decided on 3 March 2011, with the distribution of the 31 places determined through the qualification process unchanged from that for the 2010 World Cup.[9] The qualification draw for the 2014 FIFA World Cup was held at the Marina da Glória in Rio de Janeiro on 30 July 2011.[10][11] As the host nation, Brazil automatically qualifies for the tournament.

  • AFC: 43 teams competing for 4 or 5 berths, playoff to determine exact number. 4 certain berths with 5th to play CONMEBOL's 5th in a home-and-away series to determine who will qualify.
  • CAF: 52 teams competing for 5 berths
  • CONCACAF: 35 teams competing for 3 or 4 berths, playoff to determine exact number. 3 certain berths with 4th to play OFC's winner in a home-and-away series to determine who will qualify.
  • CONMEBOL: 9 teams competing for 4 or 5 berths, playoff to determine exact number. 4 certain berths with 5th to play AFC's 5th in a home-and-away series to determine who will qualify. In addition, Brazil automatically qualifies as host.
  • OFC: 11 teams competing for 0 or 1 berth, playoff to determine exact number. Winner plays CONCACAF's 4th in a home-and-away series to determine who will qualify.
  • UEFA: 53 teams competing for 13 berths

Qualified teams

  Qualified
  May qualify
  Failed to qualify – games to play
  Failed to qualify – games over
  Did not enter – FIFA member
  Did not enter – not a FIFA member before tournament
Team Method of
qualification 		Date of
qualification 		Finals
appearance 		Last
appearance 		Previous best
performance 		FIFA ranking
at start of event
 Brazil Host 30 October 2007 20th 2010 Winners (1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002)
 Japan AFC Fourth Round Group B Winners 4 June 2013 5th 2010 Round of 16 (2002, 2010)
 Australia AFC Fourth Round Group B Runners-up 18 June 2013 4th 2010 Round of 16 (2006)
 Iran AFC Fourth Round Group A Winners 18 June 2013 4th 2006 Group stage (1978, 1998, 2006)
 South Korea AFC Fourth Round Group A Runners-up 18 June 2013 9th 2010 Fourth place (2002)
 Netherlands UEFA Group D Winners 10 September 2013 10th 2010 Runners-up (1974, 1978, 2010)
 Italy UEFA Group B Winners 10 September 2013 18th 2010 Winners (1934, 1938, 1982, 2006)
 Costa Rica CONCACAF Fourth Round Runners-up 10 September 2013 4th 2006 Round of 16 (1990)
 United States CONCACAF Fourth Round Winners 10 September 2013 10th 2010 Third place (1930)
 Argentina CONMEBOL Round Robin Winners 10 September 2013 16th 2010 Winners (1978, 1986)
 Belgium UEFA Group A Winners 11 October 2013 12th 2002 Fourth place (1986)
  Switzerland UEFA Group E Winners 11 October 2013 10th 2010 Quarter-finals (1934, 1938, 1954)
 Germany UEFA Group C Winners 11 October 2013 18th 2010 Winners (1954, 1974, 1990)
 Colombia CONMEBOL Round Robin Runners-up 11 October 2013 5th 1998 Round of 16 (1990)
 Russia UEFA Group F Winners 15 October 2013 10th[12] 2002 Fourth place (1966)[13]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina UEFA Group G Winners 15 October 2013 1st N/A N/A
 England UEFA Group H Winners 15 October 2013 14th 2010 Winners (1966)
 Spain UEFA Group I Winners 15 October 2013 14th 2010 Winners (2010)
 Chile CONMEBOL Round Robin 3rd place 15 October 2013 9th 2010 Third place (1962)
 Ecuador CONMEBOL Round Robin 4th place 15 October 2013 3rd 2006 Round of 16 (2006)
 Honduras CONCACAF Fourth Round 3rd place 15 October 2013 3rd 2010 Group Stage (1982, 2010)

Organization

Venues

Dilma Rousseff (2nd from the right) and Pelé (center) following the works in Belo Horizonte.

Seventeen cities showed interest in being chosen as World Cup host cities: Belém, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Campo Grande, Cuiabá, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Fortaleza, Goiânia, Manaus, Natal, Porto Alegre, Recife, Olinda (a stadium would be shared by both cities), Rio Branco, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and São Paulo.[14] Maceió withdrew in January 2009.

According to current FIFA practice, no more than one city may use two stadiums, and the number of host cities is limited between eight and ten. The Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) requested permission to assign 12 cities hosting World Cup Finals.[15] On 26 December 2008, FIFA gave the green light to the 12-city plan.[16]

Even before the 12 host cities were selected, there were few doubts that the chosen venue for the final match will be the Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro, which also hosted the decisive match of the 1950 FIFA World Cup. Originally the CBF's intentions were to have the opening match at Estádio do Morumbi in São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil. However, on 14 June 2010 the stadium was excluded from hosting games in the tournament due to a failure to provide financial guarantees for the improvements needed to have it as an eligible venue.[17] At the end of August 2010, the CBF announced that the Arena de Sao Paulo would host the matches in São Paulo.

The 12 host cities for the 2014 World Cup were announced on 31 May 2009.[18] Belém, Campo Grande, Florianópolis, Goiânia and Rio Branco were rejected. Half of the chosen host cities will have their games in brand new venues built specifically for the World Cup, while the stadium for the capital Brasilia was demolished and will be rebuilt, and the remaining five are upgrading their current stadia.

Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasília, DF São Paulo, SP Fortaleza, CE
Estádio do Maracanã Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha[19] Arena de Sao Paulo Estádio Castelão

22°54′43.8″S 43°13′48.59″W / 22.912167°S 43.2301639°W / -22.912167; -43.2301639 (Estádio do Maracanã)

15°47′0.6″S 47°53′56.99″W / 15.783500°S 47.8991639°W / -15.783500; -47.8991639 (Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha)

23°32′43.91″S 46°28′24.14″W / 23.5455306°S 46.4733722°W / -23.5455306; -46.4733722 (Arena de Sao Paulo)

3°48′26.16″S 38°31′20.93″W / 3.8072667°S 38.5224806°W / -3.8072667; -38.5224806 (Estádio Castelão)

Capacity: 76,935[20]

(upgraded)

Capacity: 70,042[21]

(new stadium)

Capacity: 68,000
(new stadium)
Construction progress: 90%[22] 		Capacity: 64,846[23]

(upgraded)

Belo Horizonte, MG
Porto Alegre, RS
Estádio Mineirão Estádio Beira-Rio

19°51′57″S 43°58′15″W / 19.86583°S 43.97083°W / -19.86583; -43.97083 (Estádio Mineirão)

30°3′56.21″S 51°14′9.91″W / 30.0656139°S 51.2360861°W / -30.0656139; -51.2360861 (Estádio Beira-Rio)

Capacity: 62,547

(upgraded)

Capacity: 51,300[24]
(upgraded)
Construction progress: 82%[25]
File:Novo mineirão aérea.jpg
Salvador, BA Recife, PE
Arena Fonte Nova Arena Pernambuco

12°58′43″S 38°30′15″W / 12.97861°S 38.50417°W / -12.97861; -38.50417 (Arena Fonte Nova)

8°2′24″S 35°0′29″W / 8.04000°S 35.00806°W / -8.04000; -35.00806 (Arena Pernambuco)

Capacity: 56,000[26]

(upgraded)

Capacity: 46,154

(new stadium)

Cuiabá, MT Manaus, AM Natal, RN Curitiba, PR
Arena Pantanal Arena Amazônia Arena das Dunas Arena da Baixada

15°36′11″S 56°7′14″W / 15.60306°S 56.12056°W / -15.60306; -56.12056 (Arena Pantanal)

3°4′59″S 60°1′41″W / 3.08306°S 60.02806°W / -3.08306; -60.02806 (Arena Amazônia)

5°49′44.18″S 35°12′49.91″W / 5.8289389°S 35.2138639°W / -5.8289389; -35.2138639 (Arena das Dunas)

25°26′54″S 49°16′37″W / 25.44833°S 49.27694°W / -25.44833; -49.27694 (Arena da Baixada)

Capacity: 42,968
(new stadium)
Construction progress: 80%[27] 		Capacity: 42,374
(new stadium)
Construction progress: 80%[28] 		Capacity: 42,086
(new stadium)
Construction progress: 90%[29] 		Capacity: 43,981[30]
(upgraded)
Construction progress: 79%[31]
File:G pantanal.JPG File:Dunes Arena closer.jpg File:Baixada Arena closer.jpg

Final draw

The final draw for the 2014 World Cup will be held at Costa do Sauípe Resort, Mata de São João in Bahia on 6 December 2013,[32] at 13:00 local time (UTC−3).[33][34]

The 32 qualified teams will be divided into four pots. The seeded pot (Pot 1) will contain the hosts Brazil and the seven best-ranked qualified teams according to the FIFA World Rankings of October 2013 (as opposed to the November ranking to avoid giving teams involved in the November qualifying play-off matches an unfair advantage).[35] The other three pots will be based on geographic and sports criteria.

Matches

Brazil v. England in Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, at night.

The match schedule was announced at FIFA's headquarters in Zürich on 20 October 2011.[36] On 27 September 2012 the FIFA Executive Committee announced the kickoff times of the matches, with the opening kickoff to be held on 12 June in São Paulo, at 17:00 local time. The group stage matches will be played at 13:00, 16:00, 17:00, 18:00, and 19:00 local time, with knockout stage matches at 13.00 and 17.00 local time. The semi-finals will be played at 17:00 local time and the Final, on 13 July 2014 at the Maracana stadium, at 16:00 local time.[37]

All times listed below are in Brasília official time (UTC−3). This is the time zone of ten of the twelve venues; the other two, Cuiabá and Manaus, are in the Amazon time zone (UTC−4), therefore for matches hosted at these two venues the local kickoff times are one hour earlier than the times listed below.[38]

Group stage

The group winners and runners-up advance to the round of 16.[39] The ranking of each team in each group will be determined as follows:

  1. points obtained in all group matches;
  2. goal difference in all group matches;
  3. number of goals scored in all group matches;

If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above three criteria, their rankings will be determined as follows:

  1. points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned;
  2. goal difference in the group matches between the teams concerned;
  3. number of goals scored in the group matches between the teams concerned;
  4. drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee.

Group A

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Brazil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Brazil Match 1 A2
A3Match 2 A4
Brazil Match 17 A3
A4Match 18 A2
A4Match 33 Brazil
A2Match 34 A3

Group B

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
B1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B1Match 3 B2
B3Match 4 B4
B1Match 19 B3
B4Match 20 B2
B4Match 35 B1
B2Match 36 B3

Group C

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
C1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C1Match 5 C2
C3Match 6 C4
C1Match 21 C3
C4Match 22 C2
C4Match 37 C1
C2Match 38 C3

Group D

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
D1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D1Match 7 D2
D3Match 8 D4
D1Match 23 D3
D4Match 24 D2
D4Match 39 D1
D2Match 40 D3

Group E

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
E1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
E2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
E3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
E4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
E1Match 9 E2
E3Match 10 E4
E1Match 25 E3
E4Match 26 E2
E4Match 41 E1
E2Match 42 E3

Group F

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
F1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
F2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
F3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
F4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
F1Match 11 F2
F3Match 12 F4
F1Match 27 F3
F4Match 28 F2
F4Match 43 F1
F2Match 44 F3

Group G

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
G1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
G2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
G3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
G4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
G1Match 13 G2
G3Match 14 G4
G1Match 29 G3
G4Match 30 G2
G4Match 45 G1
G2Match 46 G3

Group H

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
H1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
H2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
H3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
H4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
H1Match 15 H2
H3Match 16 H4
H1Match 31 H3
H4Match 32 H2
H4Match 47 H1
H2Match 48 H3

Knockout phase

In the knockout stages, if a match is level at the end of normal playing time, extra time shall be played (two periods of 15 minutes each) and followed, if necessary, by kicks from the penalty mark to determine the winner.[39]

 
Round of 16Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
              
 
28 June – Belo Horizonte
 
 
Winner Group A
 
4 July – Fortaleza
 
Runner-up Group B
 
Winner Match 49
 
28 June – Rio de Janeiro
 
Winner Match 50
 
Winner Group C
 
8 July – Belo Horizonte
 
Runner-up Group D
 
Winner Match 57
 
30 June – Brasília
 
Winner Match 58
 
Winner Group E
 
4 July – Rio de Janeiro
 
Runner-up Group F
 
Winner Match 53
 
30 June – Porto Alegre
 
Winner Match 54
 
Winner Group G
 
13 July – Rio de Janeiro
 
Runner-up Group H
 
Winner Match 61
 
29 June – Fortaleza
 
Winner Match 62
 
Winner Group B
 
5 July – Salvador
 
Runner-up Group A
 
Winner Match 51
 
29 June – Recife
 
Winner Match 52
 
Winner Group D
 
9 July – São Paulo
 
Runner-up Group C
 
Winner Match 59
 
1 July – São Paulo
 
Winner Match 60 Third place
 
Winner Group F
 
5 July – Brasília12 July – Brasília
 
Runner-up Group E
 
Winner Match 55 Loser Match 61
 
1 July – Salvador
 
Winner Match 56 Loser Match 62
 
Winner Group H
 
 
Runner-up Group G
 

Round of 16

Winner Group AMatch 49 Runner-up Group B
Winner Group CMatch 50 Runner-up Group D
Winner Group BMatch 51 Runner-up Group A
Winner Group DMatch 52 Runner-up Group C
Winner Group EMatch 53 Runner-up Group F
Winner Group GMatch 54 Runner-up Group H
Winner Group FMatch 55 Runner-up Group E
Winner Group HMatch 56 Runner-up Group G

Quarter-finals

Winner Match 50Match 57 Winner Match 49
Winner Match 53Match 58 Winner Match 54
Winner Match 51Match 59 Winner Match 52
Winner Match 55Match 60 Winner Match 56

Semi-finals

Winner Match 57Match 61 Winner Match 58
Winner Match 59Match 62 Winner Match 60

Third place match

Loser Match 61Match 63 Loser Match 62

Final

Winner Match 61Match 64 Winner Match 62

Marketing

The official Brazil 2014 logo.

The logo is called "Inspiration", and was created by Brazilian agency Africa. The design stems from an iconic photograph of three victorious hands together raising the world's most famous trophy. As well as depicting the humanitarian notion of hands interlinking, the portrayal of the hands is also symbolic of the yellow and green of Brazil warmly welcoming the world to their country. The logo was unveiled at a ceremony held in Johannesburg on 8 July 2010.[40]

FIFA and the Brazil LOC invited 25 Brazilian-based agencies to submit designs for the Official Emblem of the 2014 tournament and the task of picking the winner was awarded to a high-profile seven-strong judging panel consisting of CBF chairman Ricardo Teixeira, FIFA executive secretary Jérôme Valcke, supermodel Gisele Bündchen, architect Oscar Niemeyer, writer Paulo Coelho, singer Ivete Sangalo, and designer Hans Donner.[41]

Brazilian graphic designer Alexandre Wollner has criticised the design, suggesting that it resembles a hand covering a face in shame, as well as the process through which it was chosen, which had a jury that excluded professional graphic designers.[42]

Poster

File:FIFA releases official poster of World Cup 2014 in Brazil, Jan 2013.jpg
The official Brazil 2014 poster.

The official poster was announced on 30 January 2013, by World Cup ambassadors Ronaldo, Bebeto, Zagallo, Amarildo, Carlos Alberto Torres, all of them World Champion footballers, and Marta, in a ceremony in Rio de Janeiro.[43][44]

The artwork for this poster, which was created by Karen Haidinger,[45] designer from Brazilian agency Crama, features a map of the country made up from the outlines of football players' legs kicking a football.[46] In addition, the poster provides detailed drawing depicting the Brazilian culture and other features of the Brazilian nation such as the Brazil's fauna and flora.

The colourful poster represents the beauty and diversity of Brazil and, according to FIFA's General Secretary Jérôme Valcke, the artwork is a great example that Brazil is a capable and creative nation.[47]

Slogan

"All in One Rhythm" will be the official slogan of the 2014 FIFA World Cup.[48] The slogan in Portuguese is "Juntos num só ritmo". The slogan will influence marketing and the development of themes for events such as the Fan Fest and the opening and closing ceremonies, as well as the briefings of tournament staff and volunteers.

Official songs

On 10 September 2013, World Cup's major sponsor Sony unveiled a Global Music Contest to "find" Brazil's World Cup official song. According to Sony, any person from any country in the world can send songs to their site.[49]

"The World Is Ours", performed by singer David Correy and Brazilian percussion troupe Monobloco, is Coca-Cola's global 2014 FIFA World Cup anthem.[50]

Mascot

File:FulecoMascot.jpg
Fuleco, the mascot of the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
Main article: Fuleco

The tatu-bola, an armadillo that defends itself from predators by rolling up into a ball, was chosen as the official mascot by FIFA at a ceremony organised by LOC (Local Organizer Committee) on 11 September 2012.[51] The mascot was first introduced to the public during a segment of the news show Fantástico.[52] The name was chosen after a public voting process and announced during the show on 25 November.[53] 1.7 million people and more than 48 per cent voted for Fuleco, ahead of Zuzeco (31 per cent) and Amijubi (21 per cent), making it the unanimous winner. The mascot proved hugely popular within Brazil, with approximately 89 per cent Brazilians having seen the mascot and has been seen as a likeable character - he scores an average of 7.3 out of 10 on appeal.[54]

"Fuleco" is a portmanteau of the words "Futebol" ("Football") and "Ecologia" ("Ecology") (also, nicknames finished with -eco are popular in Brazil). The other two proposed names were Amijubi ("Amizade" ("Friendship") and "Júbilo" ("Joy")) and Zuzeco ("Azul" ("blue") and "Ecologia" ("Ecology")).[53]

Ball

Main article: Adidas Brazuca
Adidas Brazuca ball.

The official ball of the 2014 World Cup will be the Adidas Brazuca. The name was selected by a public vote that received responses from more than 1 million Brazilian football fans; "Brazuca" received over 70 per cent of the vote.[55] Adidas, the official FIFA World Cup match ball supplier since 1970, took inspiration from elements of Brazilian culture to come up with a shortlist of three possible names for the ball that also included Bossa Nova and Carnavalesca.[55]

Caxirola

The caxirola was certified on 27 September 2012 by the Brazilian Ministry of Sports as the official musical instrument of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, just like vuvuzelas in the case of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. The caxirola is not as loud as vuvuzelas are and has been specially designed to sound 'acceptable' in stadiums.[56] However, due to safety concerns, the caxirolas won't be permitted inside the stadiums.[57]

Infrastructure

Stadiums

The CBF estimates that the cost of construction and remodelling of stadiums[58] alone will be approximately over R$9.9 billion ($1.1 billion, £ 550 million).[59] In addition to the stadium upgrades and renovations, there will be millions more spent on basic infrastructure needs to get the country ready. Satellites monitored the construction of stadiums in Brazil in the run-up to forthcoming international football competitions.[60]

When informed of the decision to host the tournament, CBF President Ricardo Teixeira said: "We are a civilized nation, a nation that is going through an excellent phase, and we have got everything prepared to receive adequately the honor to organize an excellent World Cup." Teixeira was on hand at FIFA's headquarters in Zürich when the announcement was made.[61]

"Over the next few years we will have a consistent influx of investments. The 2014 World Cup will enable Brazil to have a modern infrastructure," Teixeira said. "In social terms will be very beneficial. Our objective is to make Brazil become more visible in global arenas," he added. "The World Cup goes far beyond a mere sporting event. It's going to be an interesting tool to promote social transformation."[62]

On 27 January 2013, the Castelão stadium, in Fortaleza, became the first 2014 World Cup stadium to host football matches after the finishing of its remodelling works. In the two matches, Fortaleza and Sport drew, 0-0 before Bahia beat Ceara, 1-0.[63] One week later, on 3 February 2013, Mineirão Stadium held its first match after the remodelling.[64] On 7 April 2013, the third venue for the FIFA World Cup was ready when the Arena Fonte Nova in Salvador, Bahia held its first match after being rebuilt, with Vitória beating Bahia 5-1.[65]

Recife International Airport in Recife.

Airports

On 31 August 2009 the state airport management agency Infraero unveiled a R$ 5.3 billion (approx. €3 billion, £ 2 billion, US$2.5 billion) investment plan[66] to upgrade airports of ten of the venue cities, increasing their capacity and comfort for the hundreds of thousands of tourists expected for the Cup. A significant amount (55.3%) of the money will be spent overhauling the airports of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The investment figure covers works to be carried out up to 2014.

To try to improve the airports renovation and expansion projects for the World Cup, the Brazilian government has started a plan to privatise some airports. Currently 3 airports have already been handed over to the private sector out of 5 initially planned: Guarulhos(GRU), in São Paulo, Viracopos(VCP) in Campinas and Brasilia International Airport(BSB); Galeão in Rio de Janeiro and Confins in Belo Horizonte may also be handed over soon. All the private concession bid winners will have to invest a significant amount of money to meet the requested expansion projects; these projects will be funded by the Brazilian Government Development Bank (BNDES).[67]

For Natal, the private sector has already won a bid to build a new airport for the city, located at the metropolitan region in São Gonçalo do Amarante; it may be ready for the World Cup 2014. The main airport runway was already completed before the bid and the airport project works already started. The government will be responsible for building the access route to the new airport. All projects will be ready on April 2014, according to the government.[68]

The announcement by Infraero came in reply to criticism made by the Brazilian General Aviation Association, a grouping of private aircraft owners, that Brazil's airports currently could not cope with the World Cup inflow. The vice-president of the association, Adalberto Febeliano, told reporters that more than 500,000 football fans were expected, with each one taking between six and fourteen flights during the tournament to get to the games in various cities.[69] In May 2010, the Government of Brazil changed the bidding legislation to allow more flexibility to Infraero.[70]

Metro, monorail, and light rail

Light rail in Brasília.
Internal view of São Paulo Metro.

In 2012, the Porto Alegre International Airport will have a monorail line that connects the airport with Aeroporto metro station of Greater Porto Alegre Metro.[71]

In 2014, the Fortaleza International Airport will have a light rail line that connects the airport with downtown Fortaleza. The new line integrates the Fortaleza Metro.[72]

In 2014, the Brasília International Airport would have a light rail line that connects the airport with downtown Brasília and the stadium. The new line integrates the Brasília Metro.[73] Due to fraud concerns before project start this line will not be ready for the World Cup and is out of the government official mobility projects.[74]

In 2014, the Cuiabá International Airport will have a light rail line that connects the airport with downtown Cuiabá.[75] Last reports says this line may not be ready on time for the World Cup.[76]

Bus rapid transport

BRT in Curitiba.

In 2014, Belo Horizonte International Airport will have a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) line that connects the airport with the city center, and the stadium. The BRT system will integrate with the Belo Horizonte Metro.

In 2014, the Curitiba International Airport will have a BRT line that connects the airport with downtown Curitiba and the stadium. The future BRT line of International Airport will add to the Rede Integrada de Transporte of Curitiba, one of the largest BRT systems of the world.

In 2014, the Recife International Airport will have a BRT line, that connects the airport with downtown Recife, metropolitan area, and the stadium. The BRT system will integrates the Recife Metro.

In 2014, the Rio de Janeiro International Airport will have a BRT line that connects the airport with Barra da Tijuca, a neighbourhood in the West Zone of the city, which is the headquarters of 2016 Olympic Games. This will connect the BRT station in Barra da Tijuca with the South Zone (Copacabana, Ipanema, Leblon, etc.), the stadium, and the rest of the city is through the Rio de Janeiro Metro.

FIFA World Cup total cost

The total cost by country of the last FIFA World Cups (including stadiums, transport, security):

General costs[77][78][79][80]
Year Country Total Cost (in million US$) Total Cost (in million US$)

(adjusted for inflation)

1994  United States 30 62
1998  France 340 636
2002  South Korea/ Japan 5000 8,470
2006  Germany 6000 9,068
2010  South Africa 4000 5,589
2014  Brazil 14000 n/a

Development programme

Brazilian states and cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

The Brazilian federal government has earmarked R$ 3 billion (€ 1.8 billion, £ 1.1 billion) for investment in works relating to the 2014 World Cup, and intends to release a package of works, entitled the FIFA World Cup PAC (Portuguese acronym for Growth Acceleration Programme). According to the Brazilian minister of cities, Márcio Fortes, the bulk of funds should go to works pertaining to the tournament itself, but the total figure will only be defined after a meeting with representatives of the municipalities that will host the matches.

"This is only an initial figure. We have not set a figure yet. These R$3 billion will allow us to take the first step. The total value of projects is not known yet. We are going to hold talks with mayors to learn which projects are priorities," said the minister. The funds will be supplied by Pró-Transporte, a financing programme funded by the Severance Pay Indemnity Fund (FGTS) whose regulation was passed last year by the fund's Board of Curators.

According to Fortes, several city councils have already contacted the ministry and showed interest in partnership for carrying out infrastructure work turned exclusively to the Cup that will be held in Brazil. "For some time now, the city councils that will host the matches have been contacting us. The city councils have had meetings with FIFA and several projects were outlined. Our approach consists of dealing only with projects exclusively turned to the Cup. Our goal right now is not to solve transport-related issues in the city. We are going to help solve the issues pertaining to the events," he stated. According to the minister, another factor to be analysed by the Ministry of Cities is usefulness and sustainability of the investment after the competition is over. "We are not going to deal with huge projects. The cheapest and most efficient means of transport will be used. Of course, each case will be analysed separately," he explained.

CPTM train in Greater São Paulo.

Fortes stated that the PAC of the Cup is going to include partnerships with city councils and state governments, as well as some partnerships with the private sector. "The keyword is partnership. The federal government will not undertake anything by itself. It will be similar to the infrastructure PAC, in which we already have partnerships with city councils and state governments, as well as public-private partnerships. We are going to review the type of investment proposed, analyse their size, and the need for private sector participation, which may take place in different ways. The private sector may build and then lease the assets, or perhaps operate them. All of that will be discussed," he stated.

The minister also informed that preparations for the World Cup already include the creation of a line of financing for renewing the bus fleet across the country. The line will be made available by the Brazilian Federal Savings Bank with total funds of R$1 billion (€ 600 million, £ 375 million).[81]

To support the sport's development throughout the continent leading up to the World Cup, FIFA as part of its "Win in CONMEBOL with CONMEBOL" program, has invested in building synthetic football pitches in each country within the confederation. The football turf pitch in Brazil is located at the CBF national training center in Rio de Janeiro and built by a FIFA Preferred Producer for Football Turf.

Maracanã projects

Arena Pernambuco in Recife.

Maracanã Stadium, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, has been chosen for the final match. Maracanã was inaugurated in the 1950 World Cup. For the 2014 World Cup, among other adaptations, a new cover will be built. The project also includes construction of a building for parking, above the lines of Supervia and subways, with 3,500 parking spaces. The estimated investment is R$ 460 million. According to the study of Sinaenco, there is a need to improve the visibility for spectators in the first few rows behind the cabins in the Maracanã, redesign the facilities for people with disabilities, and provide general health reform.

The project may also provide for the restoration of Quinta da Boa Vista and the Museum of São Cristóvão, in addition to redevelopment and revitalisation of neighbourhoods including Tijuca. The Engenhão stadium, completed for the 2007 Pan American Games, has a capacity of 45,000 people and will serve as a training ground for the World Cup.

An investment of R$ 5 billion is required to meet the requirements that Rio de Janeiro faces in the final tournament and other games, covering three areas: logistics (roads, railways, ports, waterways and airports), energy (generation and transmission of electric power, petroleum, natural gas and renewables) and social and urban (light, sanitation, housing, subways and water resources). In relation to the Rio de Janeiro Metro, the Ministry of Transport has held a public hearing regarding the extension of its lines. The line for the new project is 13.5 km (8.4 mi) long, and should cross the South Zone of the city, carrying around 200,000 passengers per day between six metro stations.[82]

Corinthians projects

The New Corinthians Stadium, in the city of São Paulo, has been chosen for the opening ceremony. São Paulo's chances of staging the opening ceremony of the 2014 FIFA World Cup improved after FIFA accepted a guarantee that SC Corinthians Paulista's new stadium will be completed in time for the tournament. The stadium, being built by Odebrecht SA, will cost R$800 million (US$ 522 million), according to Corinthians former President Andres Sanchez. BNDES, the national development bank, pledged R$ 400 million and the city of São Paulo will provide a property fund worth R$ 400 million.

On a statement on the Corinthians website, Ricardo Teixeira, president of the World Cup local organising committee and the Brazilian Football Confederation, said: "This approval – in record time, less than a year – is the result of efforts by the government of São Paulo, particularly the Governor Geraldo Alckmin and Mayor Gilberto Kassab."[83] FIFA's approval of the project to build a new home for Brazil's biggest football club by revenue, which originally had a cost estimate of US$ 1.2 billion, was required for São Paulo to host World Cup games.

In June 2011, then sports minister Orlando Silva said in an interview that the federal government would tell tournament organiser FIFA that São Paulo, Salvador, Belo Horizonte and Brasília are eligible to stage the opening ceremony. FIFA will announce the venue in October. Sanchez said: "I said before that if Corinthians could fulfill all the requirements of FIFA, the opening of the World Cup would be in São Paulo. Corinthians gave the guarantees required by FIFA, so the opening will be in São Paulo."[83] Most of the funding for investment in airports, stadiums, ports and urban transportation before the World Cup will come from the government.[84]

Brazil plans to use robots to help with 2014 World Cup security. The Brazilian government has bought 30 security robots to improve public safety during the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Rio Olympics. The government paid nearly $3.5 million for the small unmanned ground vehicles which can provide surveillance, bomb removal and other law-enforcement missions.[85]

Host cities

Colors of Brazilian Flag on Botanical Garden of Curitiba in 2010. A tribute was made between 16 and 23 September 2011, one thousand days to the World Cup, using the colours of the flags of each country that has won a prior championship: Brazil, Italy, Germany, Uruguay, Argentina, England, France and Spain.[86]
Region 1950 2014 Host cities in 1950 Host cities in 2014
Central-West 0 2 — Brasília, Cuiabá
North 0 1 — Manaus
Northeast 1 4 Recife Recife, Fortaleza, Natal, Salvador
South 2 2 Curitiba, Porto Alegre
Southeast 3 3 Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo

In 1950, host cities of the World Cup were concentrated in the southeast and south.[87] In 2014, the host cities are more evenly distributed. Each host city is the capital of its state. The selection covers all the main regions of Brazil and as a result the tournament will require significant long-distance travel for teams. Brazil is the fifth largest nation in the world by geographical size.[88] Although Brazil straddles the equator, all the proposed match venues are in the southern hemisphere, meaning that the games will be held in the winter period (although most venues for the tournament are situated in the tropics). The cold front comes from Antarctica causing cold weather in the south and central part of the country, and rainy weather in the north. However, the future stadiums are being prepared for these conditions.[89]

FIFA agreed to increase the number of host cities from ten to 12 because of the size of Brazil. "In the very beginning, ten cities were going to be chosen, but thanks to the influence of [CBF president] Ricardo Teixeira and the interest of the whole country, we agreed increasing the number to twelve," said FIFA president Sepp Blatter. Teixeira briefed FIFA members about all 17 candidate cities.[90]

A reported US$1 billion (approx. £650 million) is to be approved for the repair, upgrading and maintenance of Brazilian stadiums. However, aiming to build "state of the art" stadiums and, therefore, increasing their chances to be part of 2014's tournament, some Brazilian states are searching for expertise abroad. Recently delegations from Recife and Porto Alegre, for example, visited the Amsterdam Arena to understand the formula which made that stadium highly profitable. Amsterdam Arena, the home of AFC Ajax, has developed and is offering its expertise on the multi-use-purpose stadium concept and management. Amsterdam Arena has been developed to accommodate not only football matches but also concerts and events. Amsterdam Arena is currently developing two projects for Brazil: Recife/Olinda and Porto Alegre (Grêmio).[91]

Media

See also: 2014 FIFA World Cup broadcasting rights

Filming

Sony had been selected as the general contractor responsible for the delivery of all outside broadcast. Sony will work with third party companies such Riedel for the intercom solutions, Lawo/ABS for the audio mixing consoles, EVS Broadcast Equipment for the multi-media servers and Gearhouse Broadcast for the TOCs. Included among others will be 340 HD cameras (of which 72 Supermotions), 48 switchers and 816 monitors.[92]

Security plan

Brazilian Federal Police and the anti-bomb robot.
Anti-terrorism investment to 2014 FIFA World Cup.

The Brazilian government said authorities will have an efficient security plan in place for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Justice Minister José Eduardo Cardoso said in an interview with Brazilian radio stations that "the 2014 World Cup will be a very safe event." One of the security measures that the government plans to implement is facial recognition software, in which Brazilian police will use futuristic glasses fitted with facial recognition equipment to identify and root out troublemakers at the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

A small camera fitted to the glasses can capture 400 facial images per second and send them to a central computer database storing up to 13 million faces. Minister Cardoso said the government is developing a public safety plan that will be unveiled "soon."[93]

Secretary José Ricardo Botelho is facing perhaps the most important mission of his life as a civil servant. Heading the newly created Special Secretariat for the Security of Large Events, Botelho has the task of ensuring the safety of Brazilians and tourists during the 2014 FIFA World Cup. To this end, he has developed what might be called an obsession: to integrate the security forces of a country with continental dimensions like Brazil. To prove that the goal will be achieved, he draws on History, his other obsession: "People who have a history know where they want to go."

Integration is the keyword in the Strategic Security Plan prepared for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. In addition to ensuring quick responses, the plan provides for an integrated security system that can be left as a legacy to the country. In total, an estimated 45,000 men linked to the security forces will be mobilised, not to mention reinforcements from the Brazilian Armed Forces and Civil Defense. "The country does not need to create anything new, but just to integrate its existing tools," he said. According to José Ricardo Botelho, the databases of federal and state security forces will be integrated with the Interpol database, which means connecting Brazil to 188 countries. In addition, the government has already sent documents to the United States, Germany, England, Holland, South Africa, Poland and Argentina requesting information about terrorists, "troublemakers" and hooligans.

"We want to work proactively rather than defensively; hence the importance of technology. We are linking everything so that when a person fitting this profile applies for a visa, for example, we will already have the first barrier in place. But in the case of a country for which an entry visa is not required, when the person gets to our borders he or she will not be allowed into Brazil. But what if he or she does? We are working with state-of-the-art equipment to identify these people. We do not want them among us," says the commissioner. Technology pervades all discussions of the Security Plan for the World Cup. Teams from the Special Secretariat for the Security of Large Events are visiting the 12 host cities to follow civil works in the stadiums that will be hosting World Cup games. Anti-bomb groups are monitoring the works up to delivery, to ensure that no artefacts are hidden inside pillars and foundations.

In addition to security in the stadiums, the Secretariat for the Security of Large Events is keeping a close eye on fan fests. Each host city will have an operational command centre with representatives of the police, the Armed Forces, the Fire Department and Civil Defence. There, decision-making promises to be quick. The central command headquarters will be located in Brasília and Rio de Janeiro.[94]

Brazil is training of 53,000 public safety professionals for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The professionals will be made by the state governments for each individual games venue. They will be trained in three categories: experts, multipliers (who will help to transfer knowledge to other professionals) and operators. The training courses will include "Public safety without homophobia", application of human rights in policing, Brazilian Sign Language and foreign languages.[95]

Anti-fraud plan

Launch of Transparency Portal.

On 11 June 2010, the federal government launched a program to protect the tenders for work in preparation for the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games against the possibility of fraud. The plan, known as Jogando Limpo (Playing Fair), includes a series of guidelines and nuggets of advice so that the government institutions, and also the tax authorities and common citizens themselves, may identify and denounce attempts at fraud against the tenders. The program, which was launched by the Ministries for Justice and for Sport, also plans the establishment of a group dedicating to monitoring tenders, to protect them against the threat of fraud and also to avoid delays in construction work.

This initiative, also boosted by the General Financial Controller of the Union (Controladoria Geral da União), also plans a campaign to make the people aware of the need to pay attention to possible fraud and to always denounce the cases. The program emphasises measures against cartels and possible agreements between competing companies to set prices above market levels, in an attempt to raise the value of the contracts with the state. "Nothing can be worse than someone taking advantage of these two great opportunities to commit crimes. This is a world phenomenon," said the Minister for Justice, Luiz Paulo Barreto, during the ceremony to launch the program.

"The businesspeople could be entering with an agreement on prices, in order to compete in these tenders. This is something that needs to be tackled. We need to promote fair play also in our tenders," Barreto added. "Fair play is something we would expect from a country intending to host events of this size," he added. Barreto also said that, between 2007 and 2010, there were a total of 265 search and seizure warrants issued in Brazil to tackle the crime of cartel formation. In the same period over 100 people were preventively arrested for the same crime, and currently an additional 251 people are being investigated.[96]

Tax breaks

Mané Garrincha National Stadium in Brasília.

Brazil's federal government announced on 17 May 2010 that it shall be granting tax breaks for the construction and refurbishment of the stadiums for the 2014 World Cup. In a note, the Ministry of Finance said that it shall be "granting tax exemption to the stadiums of the World Cup, which shall not need to pay Industrialized Products Tax (Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados – IPI), Importation Tax (Imposto de Importação – II) or social contributions (PIS/COFINS)."

In addition, the 12 cities that shall be hosting the World Cup matches shall be able to grant exemption from State Value Added Tax (Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços – ICMS) on all operations involving merchandise and other goods for the construction or the refurbishment of the stadiums. "Conditional on the cumulative concession of the benefits involving Importation Tax, IPI and PIS/COFINS, the exemption of ICMS on imports shall only be applicable if the goods do not have a similar product produced nationally," the note informed, adding that this decision shall be made feasible through a Law or Provisional Measure.

In September 2009, the Brazilian Development Bank (Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social – BNDES) opened a credit line of R$ 4.8 billion (approx. $3.5 billion, €2.7 billion, £ 1.75 billion) for the World Cup stadiums. Each host city shall be able to finance up to R$ 400 million (approx. $293 million, €225 million, £ 145 million) or 75% of the project, with bank funds.[97]

Mass protests

As the Confederations Cup went underway, mass protests broke out in Brazilian cities. The protests cite "anger about the cost of living, poor quality education and high transport costs took place at the same time as the match." [98] With protest increasing in supporters and violence, it was rumoured that the Brazilian Football Federation in 2012 would have to take action against the protests, and move certain World Cup games to venues in the United States. "It could be exaggerations but some members of Brazil's Football Confederation fear the [World] Cup will be transferred to the USA due to the protests. Firms who have heavily invested in marketing the Confederation Cup are desolate. The protests have destroyed their possible markets."[99]

Ticket sales

1 million tickets for World Cup matches went on sale the on 20 August 2013,[100] the first allotment out of a total of 3.3 million tickets available for all matches.[101] Due to strong demand (requests exceeded the 1 million tickets available), everyone who requested a ticket will be subject to a random lottery for tickets, due in October 2013.

A total of 6,164,682 requests for tickets came in from 203 countries, with more than 70% of these from Brazil.[102] About half of the first allotment of tickets were reserved for citizens of Brazil. The countries with the highest amounts of tickets requested were Brazil, Argentina, the US, Chile and England.[100]

Ticket prices range from US $90 for an opening round match to $990 for a ticket to the final, with discounted tickets available to Brazilian students and the elderly (as little as $15 for some matches).[101]

Goal-line technology

This will be the first World Cup in which goal-line technology will be used after successful implementation in the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup in Japan. The aim is to use GLT to support the match officials and to install a system in all stadiums, pending the successful installation, and pre-match referee tests.[3][103][104][105][106] On 10 October 2013, FIFA confirmed that GoalControl GmbH will be the official goal-line technology provider for the 2014 FIFA World Cup after successful testing at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.[107]

See also

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2014 FIFA World Cup.
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