Sarfaraz K. Niazi

Sarfaraz K. Niazi سرفراز خان نیازی सर्फ़राज़ ख़ान नियाज़ी
Sarfaraz K. Niazi
Born	July 10, 1949 Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Nationality	United States,
Alma mater	University of Karachi
Known for	Pharmacokinetics Biopharmaceuticals Biogenerics Ghazals Ghalib Portrait and landscape photography Translation from Urdu and Persian
Awards	Rho Chi (1971) Sigma Xi (1974) Fellow, UNDP TOKTEN to India (1981) Deputy Sheriff of Lake County, Illinois (1980-1985) Fellow, Pakistan Academy of Medical Sciences (1984) National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (1985) Fellow, Institute of Biology (1990) Fellow, Volwiler Society (1994) Nishan-e Sipas from Federal Urdu University (2010) Sitara-i-Imtiaz (2012) Others
Scientific career
Fields	Pharmaceutical sciences Pharmacokinetics Bioavailability Biopharmaceuticals Recombinant manufacturing
Institutions	University of Illinois at Chicago Central Drug Research Institute of India Aga Khan University Hospital HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry Higher Education Commission of Pakistan University of Houston College of Pharmacy PAREXEL

Sarfaraz K. Niazi (full name: Sarfaraz Khan Niazi; Urdu: سرفراز خان نیازی, Hindi: सर्फ़राज़ ख़ान नियाज़ी) was born in Lucknow, India in 1949; he migrated to Karachi, Pakistan in 1962, and to the United States in 1970. He has published 100+ scholarly papers, owns 40+ patents, delivered 300+ talks on scientific and literary topics, written over 30+ technical and literary books (including a collection of his own poems). His textbooks are required reading worldwide, and he allows their distribution royalty-free in developing countries, which allows companies and governments in developing countries to manufacture safe and effective drugs and vaccines at an affordable cost. He also teaches scientists in developing countries on creating value through intellectual property and, in this capacity, serves as an advisor to the Government of Pakistan. He is widely recognized for his translations of ghazals (love poems) of one of the most widely read poets, Ghalib. He broadcasts explications of Ghalib’s poetry on the Voice of America every Sunday.

On August 14, 2012, the Government of Pakistan announced that President Asif Ali Zardari awarded the Sitara-i-Imtiaz in Engineering Science to Sarfaraz.

Sarfaraz Niazi's father, Niaz Fatehpuri was a recipient of the high civil award of Padma Bhushan awarded by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, President of India, 50 years ago; this makes the only father and son recipient of civil awards from their birth continent governments.

Personal life

Sarfaraz K. Niazi was born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India on July 10, 1949, to Niaz Fatehpuri and Gulzar Begum. Niaz Fatehpuri was a renowned poet, philosopher, author, polemicist, and intellectual, who made a mark in the worlds of religion and literature in Pakistan and India. Sarfaraz migrated to Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan with his father in 1962. Niaz Fatehpuri died in 1966 in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, when Sarfaraz was 17 years old.

In 1974, he married Anjum Iqbal (now Anjum Niazi), the daughter of Abdul Rahim Khan and Iqbal Bano. Sarfaraz and Anjum are the parents of two sons, Omayr K. Niazi and Ali K. Niazi, and one daughter, Nabiha K. Niazi-Ahmed.

Education

Sarfaraz obtained his bachelor of science degree in chemistry in 1966 from the University of Karachi in Karachi, Pakistan. Then he obtained a Marketing Certificate in 1967 from the Institute of Business Administration when it was a part of the University of Karachi. In 1969, he obtained his bachelor of science degree in pharmacy from the University of Karachi, and then relocated in 1970 to the United States. He obtained his master of science degree in pharmaceutical sciences in 1971 from Washington State University in Pullman, WA, and then moved to Illinois. In 1974, he obtained his doctorate in pharmaceutical sciences from the University of Illinois Medical Center, affiliated with the University of Illinois at Chicago.

Employment

From 1974 to 1988, he taught at the College of Pharmacy at the University of Illinois at Chicago. In 1988, he began working for Abbott Laboratories as its Director of Technical Affairs in Karachi, Pakistan. At the same time, he was Professor of Pharmacology at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. In 1996, he began working for Gulf Pharmaceutical Industries (also known as Julphar) in Ras al-Khaimah of the United Arab Emirates. From 1996 to 1999, he worked in the United Arab Emirates, and from 1999 to 2008, he managed the company's US headquarters in Deerfield, IL. In 1997, he established his own consulting business, known as Pharmaceutical Scientist, Inc., and in 2003 established Therapeutic Proteins, Inc., in Chicago, IL, doing work on such biopharmaceuticals as filgrastim, erythropoietin, interferon, PEGylation, and monoclonal antibodies, to create biosimilar or biogeneric versions of these products. In March 2012, this company became Therapeutic Proteins International, LLC.

Since 2004, he has served as an adjunct professor at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy, and since 2007 as an adjunct professor at the HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry at the University of Karachi. Since 2013, he has been a NUST Visiting Professor at the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) in Islamabad, Pakistan.

Sarfaraz has also been a consultant with PAREXEL.

Research interests

• Pharmacokinetic modeling systems: distribution volume as a thermodynamic parameter
• Errors in pharmacokinetic calculations
• Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of fluorocarbon propellants
• Toxicity of dimethylbenzanthracene: pharmacokinetic profile
• Pharmacokinetics of food antioxidants
• Effect of dehydration on drug pharmacokinetics
• Solid solutions to enhance dissolution rates
• Polymorphism and pharmacokinetics
• Perfluorocarbon coating of mucous membranes
• Modeling of first pass drug metabolism
• Pharmacokinetics of furantoin
• Water deprivation and drug pharmacokinetics

Poetry

Work on Ghalib

Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan (1797 to 1869), better known as Ghalib, was “one of the most popular an influential poets of the Urdu language” and “is the best known and the most widely read Indo-Persian poet of his time.” His poetry, consisting of ghazals or love poems, are widely recited, and have been sung by some of South Asia’s most prominent singers. Indeed, his poetry is used in every-day discourse by many South Asians. He wrote his ghazals in Urdu (the lingua franca of the various peoples of the Mughal Empire and the British Raj) and in Farsi (the language of the Mughal Court and of the Muslim learned classes). While many have translated portions of Ghalib’s divan (collection of poetry) into English, in 2002 his entire Urdu divan was translated for the first time by Sarfaraz K. Niazi. One reviewer commented that "what Fitzgerald is to Khayaam, Niazi is to Ghalib," referring to Edward FitzGerald's translation of Omar Khayyam's Rubaiyat.

Own poetry

In addition to studying classic poets like Ghalib, Sarfaraz has written his own poetry, of which there are around 200 ghazals.

One of his early poems, which won the attention of Zulfiqar Ali Bukhari during a mushaira by Radio Pakistan for young poets when Sarfaraz was 13 years old, was:

دلِ بیتاب کسی طرح بہلتا ہی نہیں

شاید اِس دردِ محبت کا مداوا ہی نہیں
The tumultuous heart does not settle down no matter what
Perhaps there is no resolve to this pain of love.

حالِ دل کہنے سے خود داری نے روکا ہمکو
اُس سے پوچها تو بہت ہم نے بتایا ہی نہیں
Self-pride kept from telling the condition of my heart
She did keep asking but we just couldn’t tell.

پوچهتے کیا ہو تم اب حالِ نیازی ہم سے
در پہ اُسکے جو وه بیٹها تو پهر اُٹهّا ہی نہیں
Why are you asking the condition of Niazi from me;
Once he sat down at her doorsill, he just couldn’t get up.

— Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Sarfaraz Niazi's Poetry page

Radio broadcasting

Sarfaraz hosts a 15-20 minute show on Voice of America's Roundtable program every Sunday, where he talks about Urdu poetry (more particularly, Ghalib's poetry). He recites love poetry in Urdu and then provides an English translation and a detailed explication. He began broadcasting on Voice of America in 2010 and continues to do so.

Photography

Sarfaraz develops his talents as a photographer as well, experimenting with bokeh or artistic blurring and 3D fadeout. His uses a Leica M9 with a Noctilux 0.95 50mm lens.

Below is an example of one of his photographs:

Example of Sarfaraz's bokeh photography

Inventions

Sarfaraz K. Niazi has been involved in inventing and patenting his inventions for decades. A partial list of items he has worked on is:

• Herbal formulations for skin treatment—burn, diaper rash,  breast care, alopecia
• Herbal formulations for ulcer treatment
• Combinations to reduce side effects of orlistat
• Enhance acvitity of sildenafil
• Perfluorocarbons in weight loss
• Chewing gum as drug delivery systems
• Flexible bioreactors
• Perfusion filters
• Mixing systems
• Preparative bioreactors
• Virus-free air generation
• Universal applications of flexible bioreactors
• Daisy-chaining bioreactors

Patents

• 61,830,889 Thermodynamic Structural Comparability of Biomolecule
  • Abstract: A method for comparing conformational structure of biomolecules detects steady state changes in the fourth-dimensional structure of biomolecules without perturbing the thermodynamic equilibrium. Osmotic stress analysis (OSA) coupled with fluorescence spectroscopy records the behavior of polar and nonpolar aromatic amino acids interacting with water molecules and buffer species to provide a valuable tool to evaluate steady state structural variations of proteins. The method is ideal to establish biosimilarity of recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies, evaluate and select in-process controls in the manufacturing of biomolecules and establish safety of recombinant products.
  • Claim 1: A method of comparing structural similarity of a test biomolecule with a reference biomolecule comprising: recording a fluorescence spectrum of a test solution comprising a test biomolecule and an osmolyte; recording a fluorescence spectrum of a reference solution comprising a reference biomolecule and an osmolyte; altering the concentration of osmolyte in the test and reference solution sufficient to cause a shift in the fluorescence spectrum; and comparing the fluorescence spectra of the altered test solution with the altered reference solution to determine structural similarity.

• 29,419,435 Vented Brim Hat
  • Claim 1: The ornamental design for a hat as shown

• 13,961,571 Methods for Comparing a Sructure of a First Biomolecule and a Second Biomolecule
  • Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to assess structural similarity of a first biomolecule and a second biomolecule by detecting one or more responses of the first and second biomolecule to thermodynamic stress conditions induced by osmotic and dielectric changes including, detecting a shift in fluorescence emission and/or a change in the intensity of the emission.
  • Claim 1: A method of comparing structural similarity of a first biomolecule to a second biomolecule, the method comprising: - altering a concentration of one or more components in a solution comprising a first biomolecule; - measuring at least one of a fluorescence emission wavelength and/or an intensity of fluorescence emission of the first biomolecule in the solution; and - comparing the fluorescence emission wavelength and/or the intensity of fluorescence of the first biomolecule in the solution to a fluorescence emission wavelength and/or an intensity of fluorescence emission in a second solution comprising a second biomolecule having the same concentration of the one or more components.

• 13,764,147 Turning Signal
  • Abstract: Turn signals for moving vehicles along both sides of the vehicle are reported.
  • Claim 1: A turn signal for moving vehicles comprising: a plurality of lights affixed on both sides of the moving vehicle along substantially the entire length of the vehicle; an electronic controller to turn on and off the lights in synchronization with other turn signals in current use; and, an electronic controller to turn on and off the lights in a pre-determined pattern, frequency and intensity.

• 13,754,167 Separative Harvesting Device
  • Abstract: A harvesting device for capturing a biological product directly by binding the secreted biological product with a resin, discarding the nutrient medium and eluting the biological product as a concentrated solution, eliminating the steps of sterile filtration and volume reduction, thus allowing one to combine the steps of recombinant expression and separation of a biological product. The method allows loading of resin for column-purification, eliminating all steps of perfusion process and maintaining a sink condition of a toxic product in nutrient medium to optimize productivity of host cells. The instant invention also allows harvesting of solubilized inclusion bodies after the cells have been lysed and refolding of proteins inside the bioreactor.
  • Claim 1: A harvesting device for capturing a biological product comprising at least one container with at least one external surface and an inner volume to hold at least one ligand or resin capable of binding a biological product and the surface having a plurality of pores.

• 13,555,1XX Baffled Single Use Bioreactors

• 13,523,646 Pneumatically Agitated And Aerated Single-Use Bioreactor
  • Abstract: A single-use round flexible mixing bag for use in bioprocessing in which a fluid is received and agitated using an internal fluid-agitating element comprising a radial flow impeller driven by an internal pneumatic vane motor is disclosed. The bag may include an integral sparger and sensor receiver. Related methods are also disclosed.
  • Claim 1: A disposable bioprocessing apparatus intended for receiving a fluid in need of agitation and sparging using a gas, comprising: a round, flexible bag having a round upper sheet with an interior and an exterior surface and an edge and a round lower sheet with an interior and an exterior surface and an edge and wherein the edge of the upper sheet and the edge and the lower sheet are sealed together to form a cavity capable of receiving and holding the fluid; a gas-driven fluid-agitating element for agitating the fluid and assisting in distributing the bubbles comprising a pneumatic motor with a gas inlet and a gas outlet, a shaft and at least one rotating blade attached to the shaft; a hard support surface affixed at the center of the interior surface of the lower sheet of the bag and to which the gas-driven fluid agitating element is fixed; a sparger connected to the gas outlet of the pneumatic motor for forming bubbles; a source of compressed gas to operate the pneumatic motor; a support surface to hold the bag; at least one liquid port; at least one gas port.

• 13,452,837 Windy City Hat
  • Abstract: A felt-hat that does not fly off in the wind having vents in the brim camouflaged by a porous or solid material is disclosed.
  • Claim 1: A brim-vented hat comprising: a shaped crown, a brim attached around the crown and having a plurality of vent holes or slits around the point where the brim connects to the crown to allow venting of air to prevent the hat from flying off in high wind.

• 13,429,365 Pivoting Pressurized Single-Use Bioreactor
  • Abstract: Pressurized hermetically sealed bags disposed inside a cylindrical support and containing a septum with variable density of porosity and dividing the bag into two chambers are used to provide optimal mixing and gasification of nutrient media to grow a variety of biological cultures, particularly the cell cultures to produce a multitude of pharmaceutical and biotechnology products in a disposable system.
  • Claim 1: A method for producing a biological product comprising: a) Providing a bioreactor including: i) a cylindrical support with an inner surface configured to immovably retain a flexible container with an inner volume and capable of holding nutrient media; ii) A single-use flexible container having at least one interior wall and an inner volume, further including: A flexible septum with a surface immovably positioned within the flexible container and defining a right chamber and a left chamber, the septum having a plurality of pores ranging in size from 1 .mu.m to 1000 .mu.m that provides fluid communication between the right and the left chambers and the surface of septum having variable density of the plurality of pores; iii) Disposing the flexible container immovably inside the cylinder such that the septum is vertically positioned and a surface comprising 25-30% of the total surface of septum along the middle of the horizontal axis and the middle of the vertical axis has 3-5 times higher density of pores than the rest of the septum. iv) At least one liquid inlet; v) At least one liquid outlet; vi) At least one gas inlet in fluid communication with a source of compressed gas further comprising a sterilizing filter positioned between the source of compressed gas and the container; vii) At least one gas outlet with means of controlling the rate of flow of gas; viii) at least one sensor to measure the pressure inside the flexible container; ix) at least one sensor to measure the temperature of the liquids in the flexible container; x) A means of heating or cooling the flexible container; xi) a means of pivoting the cylindrical support along its circular axis between -110 to +110 degrees; xii) an electronic means of controlling the frequency and the degree of pivoting of the cylinder, the pressure in the container and the temperature of the nutrient media in the flexible container. b) Disposing the flexible container in the cylindrical support and immovably fixing the flexible container to the inner surface of the cylindrical support; c) Introducing the nutrient media in the flexible container through the liquid inlet; d) Introducing a biological culture capable of growing in the nutrient media and producing a biological product in the flexible container through the liquid inlet; e) Heating or cooling the nutrient media to a pre-determined temperature; f) Connecting the gas inlet to a source of a compressed gas; g) Starting the flow of the compressed gas with sufficient pressure to achieve a pre-determined pressure in the flexible container that causes the flexible container to expand and stay in continuous contact the inner surface of the cylindrical support; h) Continuing the flow of compressed gas to maintain the pre-determined pressure in the flexible container; i) Starting the means of pivoting the cylindrical support to pivot it between the angles from -110 and +110 at a pre-determined frequency; j) Monitoring the density and the viability of the biological culture in the nutrient media at predetermined time intervals; k) Monitoring the concentration of the biological product in the nutrient media at predetermined time intervals; l) Stopping the pivoting of the cylindrical support when the density of the biological culture or the concentration of the biological product reaches a pre-determined level and removing the nutrient media from the flexible container for further processing of the purification of the biological product in the nutrient media.

• 13,402,948 Non-Blocking Filtration System
  • Abstract: A non-blocking filtration system wherein the suspension filtered continuously scrubs the filter, keeping it free of deposits of solid deposits while the filtrate is removed in a variety of biological and chemical applications, substantially reducing the cost of unit operations.
  • Claim 1: A filtration system to remove a filtrate from a suspension comprising: a circular porous disc with two sides and an inner volume, a plurality of pores ranging from 1 micron to 100 microns and a filtrate port on each side of the disc; a source of vacuum connected to each filtrate port; a turbine propeller assembly equal in diameter to the diameter of the disc and positioned at a distance between 0.1 cm to 1 cm away from the each side of the disc, a means of rotating the turbine propeller and a means of controlling the speed of rotation of the turbine propellers; a housing to hold the disc and the turbine propeller s in place.

• 13,400,627 Downstream Bioprocessing Device
  • Abstract: Large-scale downstream processing of secreted recombinant proteins is provided in a single device, wherein the contents of a plurality of bioreactors are combined simultaneous to their harvesting and purification resulting in significant savings of time and the cost of manufacturing.
  • Claim 1: A downstream processing device for pooling, harvesting and purifying a target protein comprising: a. a cylinder with inner volume and having a top opening, a bottom opening and suitable for holding a nutrient media, a biological culture and a chromatography media; b. a means of retaining the chromatography media in the cylinder comprising a top filter covering the top opening and a bottom filter covering the bottom opening of the cylinder; c. a removable top cap to hold the top filter in place and further comprising at least one top liquid port and a top flow control valve; d. a top sampling port connected to the top liquid port further comprising a top sampling port valve, and filter capable of removing the biological culture; e. a removable bottom cap to hold the bottom filter disk in place and further comprising a bottom liquid port, a bottom flow control valve, and a plenum having a plurality of liquid ports with means of closing and opening them; f. a bottom sampling port connected to the bottom liquid port, a bottom sampling port valve and a filter to remove the biological culture; g. a mixing means to keep the chromatography media continuously and uniformly suspended throughout the cylinder; h. a means of continuously measuring the turbidity of the contents of the cylinder in a plurality of locations in the cylinder; i. a means of continuously measuring the ratio of the concentration of the target protein in the nutrient media in the top liquid port and the bottom liquid port; j. a means of supporting the cylinder vertically; k. a means of heating or cooling the contents of the cylinder; l. a temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the nutrient media in the cylinder; m. an electronic means of automatically controlling the opening and closing of the bottom flow control valve in response to the ratio of the concentration of the target protein in the top and the liquid ports, the means of heating and cooling the contents of the cylinder in response to the temperature of the nutrient media and controlling the intensity the mixing means in response to the differences in the measurement of turbidity in the cylinder.

• 13,312,983 Closed Bioreactor
  • Abstract: Single-use closed bioreactors with recirculating exhaust gas that can be operated in an uncontrolled environment are reported for the manufacturing of biological products using genetically modified biological cultures that produces carbon dioxide or that requires carbon dioxide in their metabolic process.
  • Claim 1: A closed bioreactor, suitable for use in uncontrolled environment, housing a predetermined volume of nutrient medium and a biological culture comprising: a container in which the nutrient medium and the biological culture reside; at least one gas outlet; at least one gas inlet connected to the gas outlet through a tube to recirculate gas within the container and additionally connected to a source of fresh gas; at least one liquid port for introducing and removing nutrient medium and introducing biological culture; a gas sterilizing filter installed between the source of fresh gas and the gas inlet; a stopcock installed between the gas sterilizing filter and the gas inlet; a nutrient medium sterilizing filter installed between the source of nutrient medium and the liquid port; a stopcock installed between a nutrient medium sterilizing filter and the liquid port; a peristaltic pump installed in the tube between the gas outlet and the gas inlet; at least one sparging filter connected to the gas inlet and located in the container and extending into the nutrient medium.

• 13,286,193 Purification and Separation Treatment Assembly (PASTA) for Biological Products
  • Abstract: An assembly capable of capturing and purifying expressed biological products during or at the end of a bioreaction cycle is disclosed wherein a binding resin is kept separated from the contents of the bioreactor allowing capturing, harvesting and purification of biological products in a bioreactor; the invention additionally provides means of removing undesirable metabolic products as well as provides for efficient loading of chromatography columns.
  • Claim 1: A purification and separation treatment assembly (PASTA) for biological products expressed in a bioreactor comprising a flexible porous tube filled with a binding resin and having a plurality of pores smaller in size than the size of the binding resin and sealed at both ends and at regular distances along the length of the mesh tube.

• 13,279,220 Noninvasive Bioreactor Monitoring
  • Abstract: A pair or receptacles capable of housing an emitter probe and a detector probe are installed inside a bioreactor to monitor the properties of the nutrient media without contacting the nutrient media.
  • Claim 1: A method for monitoring a nutrient media in a bioreactor comprising: a. Disposing in a bioreactor at least one pair of receptacles suitable for housing an emitter probe or a detector probe with one open end in fluid communication with the outside of the bioreactor and one sealed end; b. Disposing an emitter probe in a first receptacle; c. Disposing a detector probe in a second receptacle; d. Adjusting the direction of the emitter and the detector probes to face each other to read transmitted radiation or to an angle to read diffraction radiation. e. Activating the emitter and detector probes to record transmission or diffraction of the radiation applied.

• 13,246,830 Preparative Chromatography Column and Methods of Use
  • Abstract: A chromatography column that captures components in a process liquid in a free flow state and allows elution in steps is described.
  • Claim 1: A preparative chromatography column for effecting separation of components of a process liquid comprising: a housing with an inner volume; a chromatographic media disposed inside the housing; at least one inlet to introduce the process liquid into the housing; at least one outlet to remove the process liquid from the housing; at least one filter attached to the outlet to retain the chromatography media from the housing; an optional means of mixing the contents of the housing.

• 13,245,448 Buoyant Protein Harvesting Device
  • Abstract: A buoyant device containing chromatography media performs the function of protein harvesting replacing the steps of cell separation and volume reduction; the device can be loaded into columns for further purification.
  • Claim 1: A protein-harvesting device comprising: A porous container with an inner volume and capable of containing and retaining a suitable amount of a chromatography media A buoyancy device attached to the container.

• 13,236,523 Clean Zone HVAC System
  • Abstract: A single-pass HVAC systems to isolate zones and to maintain a required clean air quality standard is provided that operates by producing a positive pressure in all zones, while exhausting on a minimal quantity of air required by law. The zones are kept clean by a recirculating fan filter in each zone. The exhaust air is used to exchange heat with incoming air to conserve energy further.
  • Claim 1: An HVAC system for a plurality of zones comprising: At least one air-handling unit further comprising at least one air intake, at least one blower, a plurality of ducts to deliver supply air to the zones, a means of heating, a means of cooling, a means of filtering, a means of adjusting humidity and a control mechanism; at least one air-exhaust unit disposed in each zone for removing the supply air from the zones further comprising at least one exhaust fan, at least one damper, an exhaust duct to carry exhaust air to an outside vent through a radiator, and a control mechanism to control the speed of exhaust flow; at least one air-recirculating unit disposed in each zone further comprising at least one fan, at least one HEPA filter, a means of heating the supply air, a means of cooling the supply air, at least one return air vent, an optional damper and a control mechanism; at least one heat exchanger plenum housing the radiator further comprising an inlet to draw fresh air from outside, an outlet to deliver the fresh air contacted with the radiator to the air intake of the air-handling unit, and a control mechanism.

• 13,225,407 Multiuse Reactors and Related Methods
  • Abstract: A septum is positioned within a disposable vessel and defines a lower chamber and an upper chamber. The septum includes a plurality of apertures that provide fluid communication between the upper chamber and lower chamber. Compressed gas is introduced in the lower chamber to produce fine bubbles rising up throughout the vessel to produce a mixing and gasification needed for the growth of a biological culture and manufacture of a biological product in a nutrient medium. Adding a binding resin to the upper chamber allows harvesting, separation and purification of biological products in the reactor as a single unit operation.
  • Claim 1: A reactor suitable for housing a predetermined volume of a liquid comprising: a) A container having at least one interior wall and an inner volume; b) A septum positioned within the container and defining a lower chamber and an upper chamber, the septum having a plurality of pores that provides fluid communication between the lower chamber and the upper chamber; c) At least one liquid inlet; d) At least one liquid outlet; e) At least one gas inlet in fluid communication with a source of compressed gas and located in the lower chamber; f) At least one gas outlet in the upper chamber.

• 13,194,970 Stationary Bubble Bioreactors
  • Abstract: Reactors that allow mixing and gasification by converting the entire floor of the reactor vessel to a sparge filter is described.
  • Claim 1: A mixing apparatus comprising: a container with at least one inner surface, an inner volume and a bottom with a surface; a means of sparging the container with a gas comprising a sparge filter placed at the bottom of the container and covering essentially the entire bottom surface of the container; and a source of compressed gas connected to the sparge filter.

• 13,149,856 Concentrator Filter
  • Abstract: A method and an apparatus for separating suspended matter from liquid includes a concentrator filter that draws the liquid out of the suspension while the filter kept unblocked by a sparging filter that allows scrubbing of the concentrator filter by gas bubbles. This invention can be used to replace cross-flow filtration and centrifugation in the bioprocess industry and to reduce the volume of suspensions to concentrate the yield of the end product in the chemical industry.
  • Claim 1: A filtration device to remove a liquid from a suspension comprising: (a) at least one concentrator filter with at least one surface and inner volume and connected to a source of vacuum through an extraction tube;(b) at least one sparging filter with at least one surface and inner volume connected to a source of compressed gas; (c) fixing the filters in a configuration to allow maximal contact of surface between filters.

• 13,107,503 Interconnected Bioreactors
  • Abstract: A method of combining the content of bioreactors allowing homogeneous mixing in accordance with CFR21 is described that allows processing of variable size batches using a single validated bioreactor is described.
  • Claim 1: A method of homogenously mixing the contents of a plurality of bioreactors comprising: (a) a hard platform with an upper surface and a lower surface, and four edges; (b) a fulcrum stand to support the hard platform and allow movement of the hard platform to a pre-determined angle on either side of the plane parallel to the ground; (c) a means of lowering and raising at least one edge of the hard platform; (d) installing a plurality of bioreactors, 1 though n, in a series on the upper surface of the hard platform, the bioreactors comprising a bioreactor container with at least two surfaces and two opposing sides, to hold a liquid further comprising a nutrient media and a biological culture, a means of gassing the liquid further comprising a gas inlet, a gas sterilizing filter and a gas sparging filter, a gas exhaust, at least one nutrient media inlet/outlet, at least two liquid ports installed one on the first side and the second on the second side of the bioreactor container with means of closing or opening the liquid ports, a means of agitating the nutrient media, a plurality of sensors installed in the bioreactor container with at least a sensor for measuring the weight of the bioreactor container; (e) connecting the liquid port on the second side of the first bioreactor in the series of bioreactors to the liquid port of the next bioreactor on the first side in the series, and continuing the connectivity till the nth bioreactor in the series and keeping the liquid port on the first side of the first bioreactor and the liquid port on the second side of the nth bioreactor sealed; (f) adjusting the angle of the hard platform in line with the plane of the ground; (g) operating the bioreactors; (h) opening all liquid ports except the liquid port on the first side of the first bioreactor and the liquid port on the second side of the nth bioreactor; (i) raising the side of the hard platform closer to the first bioreactor to a sufficient height to allow flow of the liquids of the bioreactors across all bioreactors; (j) measuring the increase in the weight of the nth bioreactor to a pre-determined level; (k) lowering the side of the hard platform closer to the first bioreactor to the same degree as the platform was raised from the plane of the ground in step (f); (l) measuring the increase in the weight of the first bioreactor to a pre-determined level; (m) repeating the steps (i) to (l) periodically or continuously.

• 13,098,462 Bioreactor Exhaust
  • Abstract: An exhaust system suitable for high volume exhaust from flexible disposable bags is described that prevents nutrient media volume loss and prevents cross-contamination without using any filters. The invention described here allows the use of disposable two-dimensional bioreactors for the cultivation of bacterial and other organisms and cells require high aeration.
  • Claim 1: A bioreactor exhaust assembly comprising: (a) an exhaust tube with an inner volume and a lower end connected to a bioreactor and an upper end connected to a low pressure relief valve and a plurality of sensors including at least a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; (b) a means of cooling the exhaust tube to a temperature below the dew point of a gas in the exhaust tube; (c) a means of keeping the exhaust tube upright.

• 13,093,859 Gas Scrubbed Perfusion Filter
  • Abstract: Fine gas bubbles traveling at fast speed are employed to scrub a hard-surface filter for harvesting liquids from suspensions including those consisting of nutrient media and cell culture, on a continuous basis without clogging the filters.
  • Claim 1: A gas-scrubbed filtration device to remove a liquid from a suspension comprising: (a) at least one perfusion filter with at least one surface and connected to a source of vacuum through a harvest tube and disposed in the suspension; (b) at least one sparging filter, connected to a source of compressed gas and capable of blowing gas bubbles of 10-1000μ diameter in size and disposed in the suspension; (c) fixing the perfusion filter and the sparging filter in such configuration as to allow optimal contact of gas bubbles from sparging filter with the surface of the perfusion filter; (d) turning on the source of compressed gas and adjusting the flow rate to begin scrubbing the surface of the perfusion filter; (e) applying an optimal level of vacuum to draw continuously or periodically, a pre-determined volume of the liquid out of the suspension through the harvest tube attached to the perfusion filter; (f) adjusting the flow rate of gas to increase or decrease the scrubbing to maintain the level of vacuum needed to draw the pre-determined volume of the liquid.

• 13,092,955 Separative Bioreactor
  • Abstract: A bioreactor that combines the steps of recombinant expression and separation of a biological product by binding the secreted biological product with a resin, discarding the nutrient medium and eluting the biological product as a concentrated solution, eliminating the steps of sterile filtration and volume reduction. The method also allows loading of resin for column-purification, eliminating all steps of perfusion process and maintaining a sink condition of a toxic product in nutrient medium to optimize productivity of host cells. The instant invention also allows harvesting of solubilized inclusion bodies after the cells have been lysed and refolding of proteins inside the bioreactor.
  • Claim 1: A separative bioreactor suitable for housing a predetermined volume of liquid comprising nutrient medium and biological culture comprising: (a) a container having at least one interior wall; (b) at least one pouch made of a porous material with plurality of pores and said pouch having sufficient inner volume to house a predetermined quantity of a binding resin and said pouch placed inside said container; (c) at least one resin inlet/outlet directly connected to said pouch; (d) at least one nutrient medium inlet; (e) at least one liquid drain; (f) at least one gas inlet; (h) at least one gas outlet; and (i) at least one sparging filter; (g) at least one means of agitating the liquid; (h) at least one means of heating or cooling the liquid (i) at least one means of controlling the temperature of the liquid; (j) at least one sensor.

• 13,083,589 Protein Harvesting
  • Abstract: Methods of harvesting proteins directly from bioreactors to avoid at several steps in the purification of recombinant drugs are disclosed.
  • Claim 1: A method of harvesting a target protein from a liquid in a first container comprising: a means of contacting said target protein with a resin capable of binding substantially all of said target protein to form a protein-resin conjugate; A means of separating said protein-resin conjugate from said liquid; A means of recovering said target protein from said protein‐resin conjugate.

• 13,021,751 Whisky Simulating Composition
  • Abstract: Alcoholic compositions that simulate the most desirable flavor and taste of whiskeys is disclosed without requiring aging
  • Claim 1: A whisky composition comprising: Ethanol (95%): 10 to 90 parts v/v; Wood extract: 0.01 to 5 parts w/v; Coloring agent: 0.01 to 5 parts w/v; Flavoring agent: 0.01 to 5 parts w/v; Water: to make up to 100 parts v/v

• 12,978,380 Accelerated Aging of Wines and Spirits
  • Abstract: A method and a system for aging wines and spirits is disclosed using finely pulverized wood of less than 1 mm size and in such quantity to achieve equivalent aging in one-tenth to one-hundredth of the time required for traditional barrel aging and for instant aging prior to drinking.
  • Claim 1: A method of aging an alcoholic beverage comprising contacting said alcoholic beverage with fine wood powder of particle size smaller than 1 mm in diameter for sufficient length of time to impart desirable flavor and aroma to said alcoholic beverage.

• 12,719,836 Single Use Stationary Bioreactor
  • Abstract: Stationary bioreactors and mixing vessels fitted with single-use flexible bags utilizing wave hydrodynamic principle are described for use in every type of biological process and products.
  • Claim 1: An apparatus for mixing or agitating materials into final product comprising: a flexible container with at least four edges, a top surface, a bottom surface and containing said materials; a flat supporting means with four sides, a top surface, a bottom surface and of sufficient length and width to completely contain and hold said flexible container; at least one moveable flap affixed vertically to said top surface of said supporting means; a means of adjusting the position of said moveable flap; a mechanical means of moving said moveable flap in either direction; an electronic or mechanical means of controlling the amplitude and the frequency of the movement of said moveable flap.

• 12,618,330 Bioreactors for Fermentation and Related Methods
  • Abstract: Bioreactors suitable for housing a predetermined volume of liquid comprising nutrient medium and biological culture comprising: (a) a container having at least one interior wall; (b) at least one nutrient medium inlet; (c) at least one liquid outlet; (d) at least one gas inlet; (e) at least one gas outlet; and (f) at least one cylindrical sparging filter attached to the at least one gas inlet, wherein the sparging filter comprises a plurality of pores along its axis which permit gas to be emitted radially from the sparging filter into the liquid, wherein the diameter of the plurality of pores does not exceed about 50 μm, and wherein the orientation of the at least one sparging filter within the container provides for immersion of the plurality of pores within the liquid and substantially uniform distribution of emitted gas throughout the liquid, and related methods of using said bioreactors to prepare various biological products.
  • Claim 1: A bioreactor suitable for housing a predetermined volume of liquid comprising nutrient medium and biological culture comprising: (a) a container having at least one interior wall; (b) at least one nutrient medium inlet; (c) at least one outlet; (d) at least one gas inlet; (e) at least one gas outlet; and (f) at least one cylindrical sparging filter attached to the at least one gas inlet, wherein the sparging filter comprises a plurality of pores along its axis which permit gas to be emitted radially from the sparging filter into the liquid, wherein the diameter of the plurality of pores does not exceed about 50 μm, and wherein the orientation of the at least one sparging filter within the container provides for immersion of the plurality of pores within the liquid and substantially uniform distribution of emitted gas throughout the liquid .

• 12,423,587 Universal Bioreactors and Methods of Use
  • Abstract: Bioreactors suitable for housing a predetermined volume of culture medium comprising a plurality of containers of approximately equal internal volume in which the culture medium resides, wherein the predetermined volume of culture medium is retained in approximately equal amounts within each of the plurality of containers during operation of the bioreactor, and wherein the internal volume of each container is selected so that the amount of culture medium in each container exceeds 50 vol.% of the container internal volume during operation of the bioreactor, and related methods of use.
  • Claim 1: A bioreactor suitable for housing a predetermined volume of culture medium comprising a plurality of containers of approximately equal internal volume in which the culture medium resides, wherein the predetermined volume of culture medium is retained in approximately equal amounts within each of the plurality of containers during operation of the bioreactor, and wherein the internal volume of each container is selected so that the amount of culture medium in each container exceeds 50 vol.% of the container internal volume during operation of the bioreactor; the plurality of containers comprising a first container, a last container and, optionally, one or more containers intermediate the first and last containers, each container comprising at least one culture medium inlet, at least one culture medium outlet, at least one gas inlet, at least one sparging filter attached to the at least one gas inlet, the filter comprising a plurality of pores on at least a portion thereof, at least one of said plurality of pores extending into the culture medium, at least one gas exhaust, at least one foam trap attached to the at least one gas exhaust, at least one inlet in fluid communication with the foam trap, one or more sensors for sensing one or more parameters of the culture medium, a flow conduit which permits the flow of culture medium through the at least one culture medium outlet of a container and into a subsequent container through the at least one culture medium inlet thereof, wherein during operation of the bioreactor there is continuous movement of culture medium from one container to an adjacent container; the first container further comprising a culture medium recycle inlet; a recycle conduit which permits the flow of culture medium from the culture medium outlet of the last container and into the first container through the culture medium inlet thereof; a controllable pump to effect movement of the culture medium through the recycle conduit; a recycle valve for controlling the amount of culture medium which is recycled from the last container into the first container, wherein the amount of culture medium that is recycled varies between 5 vol.% and 100 vol.%, the volume percent being calculated on the basis of the amount of culture medium in the final container; and at least one selectively movable base which supports each container, wherein movement of the base induces movement of the culture medium within each container.

• 11,306,246 Combination of Multiple Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Muscle Relaxants for Local Treatment of Musculoskeletal Pain
  • Abstract: This invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for use in the treatment of pain and inflammation and the treatment of muscle spasms and associated pain, soreness and tightness of muscles in mammalian organism, said composition comprising: (i) an analgesically and anti-inflammatory effective amounts of five NSAIDs and (ii) an amount effective in the treatment of muscle spasms of at least one of the muscle relaxants, wherein (iii) the said preparation is applied locally to muscles and optionally contains absorption and blood flow enhancers.
  • Claim 1: A pharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment of pain and inflammation and the treatment of muscle spasms and associated pain, soreness and tightness of muscles in a mammalian organism and adapted for topical administration, said composition comprising: (i) an analgesically and anti-inflammatory effective amount of at least one drug chosen from each of the groups of NSAIDs consisting of propionic acid derivatives, acetic acid derivatives, fenamic acid derivatives, biphenyl carbolic acid derivatives, oxicam derivatives and (ii) an amount effective in the treatment of muscle spasms, and associated symptoms, of a muscle relaxant selected from the group consisting of cyclobenzaprine, chlorzoxanzone, methocarbamol, dantrolene and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

• 11,306,155 Alleviation of Pain in Osteoarthritis by Means of Intra-Articular Implantation of Perfluorodecalin
  • Abstract: Methods of alleviating pain by the intra-articular application of perfluorodecalin are disclosed
  • Claim 1: A therapeutic method for the alleviation of pain caused by osteoarthritis, comprising the intra-articular implantation of perfluorodecalin in a pharmaceutically elegant dosage form.

• 11,053,400 Formula, a System and a Method for Treating Urushiol Induced Contact Dermatitis
  • Abstract: A formula, a system and a method is provided for treating urushiol induced contact dermatitis, chemical irritants and/or microbiological irritants on an affected area of skin of a user. The formula and/or the system is applied to an area of the skin of the user affected with urushiol, the chemical irritants and/or the microbiological irritants. The formula and/or the system have a cleansing agent, one or more surfactants and/or one or more abrasive agents for treating the urushiol induced contact dermatitis, the chemical irritants and/or the microbiological irritants. One or more abrasive agents separates the urushiol, the chemical irritants and/or the microbiological irritants from the skin of the user at the affected area. The cleansing agent bonds to the urushiol, the chemical irritants and/or the microbiological irritants at the affected area and withdraws the urushiol, the chemical irritants and/or the microbiological irritants from the tissue under the affected area of the skin of the user. The formula, the system, the urushiol, the chemical irritants and/or the microbiological irritants may be rinsed away from and/or may be removed from the affected area of the skin of the user. As a result, the urushiol induced contact dermatitis, the chemical irritants and/or the microbiological irritants is treated and/or is terminated by the formula, the system, the cleansing agent and/or one or more surfactants.
  • Claim 1: A formula for treating dermatitis on an area of skin of a user wherein the area of the skin is affected with urushiol wherein the formula is applied to the area of the skin of the user, the formula comprising: a cleansing agent to bind to the urushiol at the area of the skin of the user; a first surfactant to remove the urushiol from the area of the skin of the user; and a first abrasive agent to separate the urushiol from the skin of the user wherein the formula and the urushiol are rinsed from the area of the skin of the user.

• 10,604,424 Pharmaceutical Composition for the Treatment of Itch
  • Abstract: Disclosed is a topical preparation for the treatment of topical itch in humans and animals. The said composition consists of Opuntia, Propolis, Stearic Acid, Beeswax, Vegetable Oil and .beta.-sitosterol. Itch includes scratch reaction itch, anal itch, or irritant itch due to plants (e.g., poison ivy), insect bite, sunburn, chemical itch, eczema, pruritis dermatitis, diabetic skin itch, aging skin itch, foot-itch, chickenpox, jock itch, hives, itch of healing burns and wounds, dry winter skin itch, and stress-related scalp itch, etc.
  • Claim 1: A composition for topical application to a body surface to treat itch in humans and animals comprising of Bee Propolis, 0.10-10%; Stearic Acid, 1-10%,; Opuntia Ficus-indica, 1-10%; .beta.-sitosterol, 1-10%; Natural Beeswax, 2-20%; Vegetable Oil QS to Volume.

• 10,250,197 Compositions and Methods for Reducing or Controlling Blood Cholesterol, Lipoproteins, Triglycerides, and Sugar and Preventing or Treating Cardiovascular Disease
  • Abstract: This invention provides compositions and methods related to the administration of psyllium husk, .sup.2-sitosterol, guggul tree extract, guar gum and chromium as a combination to reduce or control blood cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, blood sugar or increasing or controlling high density lipoproteins in a mammal, to reduce arterial plaque build-up, atherosclerosis, in a mammal which may be associated with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular, or intestinal vascular disorders.
  • Claim 1: A method of reducing or controlling blood cholesterol, triglycerides or sugar in a mammal comprising the administration to said mammal a composition of between 2 g and 10 g of psyllium husk, 0.05 g to 0.2 g of simethicone (30%), 0.1 g to 0.5 g of .sup.2-sitosterol, 0.1 g to 5 g of guggul tree (Commiphora mukul) extract, 0.1 g to 0.5 g of guar (Cyamopis tetragonoloba) gum, and 10 to 500 mcg of chromium. 

• 9,957,773 Composition and Method for the Treatment of Hypercolesterolemia and Hyperlipidemia in Mammals
  • Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition suitable for the treatment of a condition selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, post-angioplasty restenosis, coronary artery disease, angina, small artery disease and other diseases caused by or are the result of hypercholesterolemia, or combination thereof comprising of a specific botanical plant. Specifically, the present invention relates to compositions comprising the herb or botanical Zizyphus jujube or extract thereof, which is useful in treating cardiovascular disorders, particularly those associated with elevated LDL and overall serum cholesterol levels. A method of preparing the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention and a method for treating a patient therewith are also disclosed.
  • Claim 1: A method for treating a patient comprising, administering a therapeutic amount of the herbal composition of the Zizyphus jujube effective to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a condition selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, post-angioplasty restenosis, coronary artery disease, angina, and small artery disease or other disease caused by or as a result of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia. 

• 9,949,445 Method and Composition for Reducing Sebum in Mammals
  • Abstract: This invention relates to reducing sebum production on the skin using methods and compositions containing a surfactant, a chylomicron disrupter, a skin penetration enhancer, and an anti-androgenic compound. In a preferred embodiment, the composition contains the surfactant as a mixture of polyoxyethylene compounds and the anti-androgenic agent as a mixture of saw palmetto extract and nettle extract.
  • Claim 1: A method for reducing sebum secretion in mammals by applying to skin a topical composition containing a carrier or mixtures thereof, a surfactant or mixtures thereof, a chylomicron disrupter or mixtures thereof, a skin penetration enhancer or mixtures thereof, and an anti-androgenic compound or mixtures thereof.

• 9,681,254 Combination Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Therapy

• 9,681,127 Vaginal Administration of Apomorphine to Treat Sexual Dysfunction in Human Females
  • Abstract: Apomorphine has been used orally and sublingually to produce erection in male humans and enhanced sexual response in female humans. A prominent side effect in the use of apomorphine is nausea and vomiting. Direct administration of apomorphine to vagina is reported in this invention whereby the side effects in the use of apomorphine are minimized. In this invention, apomorphine is used in an aqueous gel form for application to clitoris and vagina to produce sexual stimulation response in females and thus providing a modality for the treatment of sexual dysfunction or frigidity in female humans.
  • Claim 1: I claim a method of ameliorating sexual dysfunction in a human female which comprises administering to said human female apomorphine or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof as a vaginal dosage form and in an amount sufficient to increase intra-clitoral blood flow and vaginal wall blood flow on stimulation of said human female but less than the amount that induces substantial nausea, the typical side effect of using apomorphine given systemically.

• 9,681,117 Use of Lizard Oil in Treating Sexual Impotency and Frigidity
  • Abstract: The present invention relates to the use a safe natural product, the body fat deposits derived from Uromastix hardwickii or other species of Uromastix hardwickii or other reptiles or animal species having a sexually stimulating action, intended to be applied in its undiluted or diluted form to a woman's and/or a man's sexual organs and optionally to the surrounding areas. The adipose tissue of Uromastix hardwickii, a viscous liquid at room temperature, is applied directly to the sexual organs and an effect is observed within 5 minutes as a result of enhanced blood flow to organs without producing any noticeable irritation to the organs or any side effects or discomfort either during or after the application is made. The effect lasts temporarily and disappears within 10-60 minutes of application. Ahe "on demand" aspect of the present invention will allow a more rapid response to male erection and sexual stimulation along with heightened sensation associated with excitement and plateau stages of the female sexual response by virtue of the increased blood flow to the tissues. The preparation described in this patent can be used undiluted or after dilution with other oils or carriers in a variety of dosage forms or devices in concentrations ranging from lless than %to 1 greater than 99%
  • Claim 1: I claim a method for treating frigidity and enhancing sexuality in females having a clitoris comprising the step of topically applying and rubbing to the surface of the clitoris and optionally to its surrounding areas the fat deposits derived from Uromastix hardwickii.

• 9,681,110 Use of Erucic Acid in Enchancing Blood Flow to Tissues
  • Claim 1: I claim that erucic acid increases blood flow to tissues when applied topically or transdermally to humans and animals.

• 9,671,847 A Combination of Appwtite Controlling Agents which Create a Synergy and Product a Satiating Result
  • Abstract: This invention includes a combination of satiety or appetite controlling agents which create a synergy and produce a high satiating result without the side-effects of which each satiety or appetite controlling agent individually may cause. The novel combination allows for different food intake control agents to perform better in the combination, with a result of lower side-effects and allow for lower dose intake. The synergy between the pharmaceutical appetite controlling agents produces the novel and unobvious results of a safer and more effective satiety effect.
  • Claim 1: A method for controlling appetite comprising: selecting a pharmaceutically acceptable dopaminergic agent; selecting a pharmaceutically acceptable lipase inhibitor; formulating said dopaminergic agent and said lipase inhibitor in a dosage form in a therapeutically effective amount. 

• 9,634,080 Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Compositions
  • Abstract: Disclosed is a local skeletal muscle relaxant and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in a topical composition for topical application to a patient for relief of pain. More particularly and in its preferred form, the invention involves a combination of diazepam and diclofenac in a composition for topical application to the skin of a patient as a colorless transparent gel.
  • Claim 1: A composition for topical application to a body surface, comprising:  0.5% to 2.5% carbomer; 50% to 65% H.sub.2 O; 1.5% to 3.5% paraffin; 1.5% to 3.0% emollient; 1.0% to 3.0% emulsifier; 0.5% to 2.0% diethylamine; 0.5% to 3.0% pharmaceutically acceptable neutralizing base; 20% to 30% alcohol; 1.5% to 5.0% propylene glycol; 0.1% to 5.0% diazepam; 0.1% to 5.0% nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in a homogenized mixture. 

• 8,183,035 Single-Container Manufacturing of Biological Product
  • Abstract: A method of manufacturing biological products in a single container from the growth of cells to purification of the product is performed in a flexible disposable bioreactor that uses only a compressed gas for mixing and gasification. A porous septum is used to create the gasification and mixing as well as to separate a chromatography media used to harvest and purify a biological product in the same container. The closed container can be used in any environment without the risk of contamination to the product or the risk of contamination of environment with the product. This allows large manufacturing of hazardous substances, drugs and vaccines anywhere at the lowest cost possible. Numerous applications can be found in counter-terrorism and biodefense operations as well in managing epidemic illnesses.
  • Claim 1: A method for producing and purifying a biological product in an uncontrolled environment comprising: providing a disposable container for housing a nutrient media, the disposable container comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber separated by a porous flexible membrane with a plurality of pores ranging from 10 microns to 1000 microns, at least one gas inlet port in the lower chamber, at least one liquid outlet port in the lower chamber, at least one gas exhaust port in the upper chamber, at least one liquid inlet port in the upper chamber, a structure for supporting the disposable container, one or more sensors for sensing one or more parameters of the nutrient media in the disposable container, and a heater for heating the contents of the disposable container, the heater having a thermostat; adding to the disposable container the nutrient media and a biological culture capable of secreting the biological product, through the liquid inlet in the upper chamber; starting and continuing supplying a gas through the gas inlet in the lower chamber of the disposable container to mix the nutrient media and the biological culture and to achieve and maintain a pre-determined level of gas concentration in the nutrient media; adding a sufficient quantity of a chromatography media having a particle size larger than the diameter of the pores in the porous flexible membrane through the liquid inlet in the upper chamber when a pre-determined level of the biological product has reached in the nutrient media to bind essentially all of the biological product in the nutrient media; removing and discarding the nutrient medium and the biological culture through the liquid outlet in the lower chamber; adding at least once a buffer suitable for disassociating the biological product from the chromatography media in the disposable container through the liquid inlet in the upper chamber; removing the buffer through the liquid outlet as a concentrated purified solution of the biological product.

• 8,066,947 Air Scrubbing System
  • Abstract: An air scrubber for eliminating an associated airborne contaminants and sterilizing air provided to protect against nocosomial infections, environmental allergens, weapons of biological and chemical attacks and operations requiring clean environment. The air scrubber includes a housing containing an alkali solution at pH 14 through which air passes and suspended liquid particles removed; provides are made for use in central air-conditioning systems, stand-alone applications and portable use along with respirators.
  • Claim 1: An air-scrubbing device for eliminating an associated airborne biological and chemical contaminant from an associated volume of air, the air-scrubbing device comprising: a housing including an air inlet and an air outlet; an air inlet port; a conduit attached to the air inlet port and extending to the bottom of the housing; a sparging filter attached to the conduit; an air outlet port of the housing; a liquid drain port of the housing; an alkali inlet port; an airflow pathway initiating approximately at the air inlet port of the housing and terminating approximately at the air outlet port of the housing; a liquid chemical of pH value ranging between 8 and 14, the liquid chemical disposed in the airflow pathway of the housing for exposing the associated airborne contaminant to the liquid chemical; a means of removing airborne liquid particles attached to the air outlet port comprising, a housing containing a coil tube attached to said air outlet port wherein a diameter of the coil tube decreases with respect to the distance away from the air outlet port, creating a venturi separating effect to remove any suspended liquid droplets; a means of maintaining the level of liquid in the housing constant by continuously supplying water to make up the losses such means comprising a float ball, a valve and a conduit attached to a supply of water.

• 6,555,118 Pharmaceutical Preparation for the Treatment of Topical Wounds and Ulcers
  • Abstract: A pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of wounds and ulcers in humans and animals and a method of preparation of the same are provided here. The composition consists of an alcoholic extract of Huangqin, Huanglian, Huangbai, Opuntia, Dilong, and .beta.-sitosterol (from Soybean extract), in a vegetable oil-wax base, from where the alcohol is essentially removed by evaporation. The composition is used as a topical ointment for the treatment of wounds in its preferred embodiment. Wounds, in particular those occurring in the skin as second and third degree burns, stasis ulcers, trophic lesions, such as decubitus ulcers, diabetic ulcers, surgical wounds, severe cuts, diaper rash, cracked nipples and abrasions which are commonly resistant to the natural healing process, may be treated with this composition. The application of this combination to wounds greatly accelerates the rate of healing and reduces scarring as the mechanism of action proposed here involves regeneration of skin through stimulation of stem cells that allows healing without substantial scar formation.
  • Claim 1: A composition for topical medicinal application to a body surface to treat surface wounds in humans and animals free of poppy capsule consisting essentially of the following ingredients in the percentages by weight indicated; an alcoholic extract of Huangbai 1-20% an alcoholic extract of Huanglin 1-20% an alcoholic extract of Huangqin 1-20% an alcoholic extract of Dilong 1-20% an alcoholic extract of Opuntia 1-20% an alcoholic extract of .beta.-sitosterol 1-20%; and Canola oil QS to Volume.

• 6,495,174 Herbal Composition for the Treatment of Alopecia
  • Abstract: Described here a composition comprising of alcoholic extracts of herbs RHIZOMA ZINGIBERIS RECENS, RHIZOMA PINELLIAE, FLOS CARTHAMI, RADIX REHMANNIAE, RADIX ANGELICAE SINESIS, RADIX PAENOIAE RUBRA, CACUMEN BIOTAE, SEMEN SESAMI NIGRUM, RADIX POLYGONI MULTIFLORI, FRUCTUS MORI combined with TINCTURE CAPSICUM, TINCTURE CANTHARIDINATE, and OLEUM RICINI for direct application to scalp for the treatment of all kinds of alopecia in humans. Alternately, the herbs listed here can be used individually.
  • Claim 1: A pharmaceutical composition for the topical treatment of alopecia it in humans and animals, consisting essentially of effective quantities of alcoholic extracts of Rhizoma zingiberis recens, Rhizoma pinelliae, Flos carthami, Radix rehmanniae, Radix angelicae sinesis, Radix paenoiae rubra, Cacumen biotae, Semen sesami nigrum, Radix polygoni multiflori, Fructus mori, Capsicum, Cantharidin, and Oleum ricini in a pharmaceutical carrier.

• 6,462,083 Suppository Base
  • Abstract: This invention provides a suppository base composition of erucic acid and beeswax with improved chemical stability, moldability, and shelf-life. The inventive suppository base also stimulates localized blood flow to the administration site.
  • Claim 1: A suppository base composition comprising erucic acid present in an amount of about 90 to about 99 percent by weight and beeswax present in in an amount of about 1 to about 10 percent by weight.

• 6,447,820 Pharmaceutical Composition for the Prevention and Treatment of Scar Tissue
  • Abstract: The disclosed is a treatment of existing and prevention of new skin scars in humans and animals using a topical application containing alcoholic extracts of Cortex Phellodendri and Opuntia ficus indica in a specific combination.
  • Claim 1: A method of the removal of scar tissue in humans and animals comprising applying to a skin surface a composition having: 1.0 to 25% of Cortex phellodendri 1.0 to 25% of Opuntia ficus-indica 5.0 to 20.0% of a wax; and 83%-87% olive oil thereby removing the scar tissue from the skin surface.

• 6,419,963 Composition and Method for the Treatment of Diaper Rash Using Natural Products
  • Abstract: Provided here is a pharmaceutical composition containing beeswax, olive oil, beta-sitosterol and the herb Coptis chinesis Franch for safe and quick treatment for infant and adult diaper rash. Also provided here is a methodology for the treatment of diaper rash wherein the treatment consists of compositions that contain naturally derived anti-inflammatory agents, an antimicrobial agents and such components that they provide an occlusive coating when applied to the afflicted surface.
  • Claim 1: A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of diaper rash consisting essentially of beeswax, olive oil, .beta.-sitosterol and the herb Coptis chinensis Franch.

• 6,365,198 Pharmaceutical Preparation for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Ulcers and Hemorrhoids
  • Abstract: A pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers and hemorrhoids in humans and animals and a method of preparation for this composition are provided here. The preferred composition consists of an alcoholic extract of Huangqin, Huanglian, Huangbo, Opuntia and Pheretima dissolved in vegetable oil from where alcohol is essentially removed by evaporation. The composition is then packaged in a soft gelatin capsule for oral administration or mixed with wax to make an ointment suitable for rectal administration.
  • Claim 1: An oral composition for the amelioration or treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers and hemorrhoids comprising effective amounts of extracts of Huanglian, Huangqin, Huangbo, Pheretima, and Opuntia.

• 6,338,862 Composition and Method of Use in Treating Sexual Dysfunction Using cGMP-specific Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors
  • Abstract: The inhibitors of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterases type 5 (cGMP-PDE5) such as sildenafil citrate (Viagra.RTM.) act by increasing the level of cGMP in sexual organs to produce enhanced blood flow and an erectile response of sexual organs. Though sildenafil citrate is a specific inhibitor of cGMP-PDE5, its effects on other body organs produce many side effects including fatalities. Described here is a method of combining cGMP-PDE5 inhibitors with natural sources of nutrients that instantly enhance the levels of endogenous cGMP and thus reduce the therapeutic dose and therefore the side effects of cGMP-PDE5 inhibitors. We have discovered that if sildenafil citrate, as a prototype of cGMP-PDE5, is combined with L-arginine, ginseng, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folic acid, all natural and safe ingredients, the dose requirements for sildenafil citrate can be reduced substantially. The specific composition described here assists in the action of sildenafil primarily by increasing the production of cGMP through modulation of nitric oxide pathway (L-arginine.fwdarw.nitric oxide.fwdarw.cGMP) and secondarily by having its own effect on improving blood circulation to sexual organs.
  • Claim 1: A composition for treating sexual dysfunction comprising effective amounts of an inhibitor of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme, a natural amino acid, ginseng, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folic acid.

• 6,312,735 Method for Instantaneous Removal of Warts and moles
  • Abstract: Disclosed here is a method for the removal of all types of human and animal skin warts using a technique of cauterization wherein slaked lime is applied to wart and then the surface of wart is scratched by using the stem of betel leaf.
  • Claim 1: It is claimed that application of slaked lime to warts is an effective treatment in removing skin warts. In its preferred embodiment, the wart surface is ruptured using the stub of the stem of betel leaf.

• 6,251,421 Pharmaceutical Composition Containing Psyllium Fiber and a Lipase Inhibitor
  • Abstract: The present invention provides orally administrable pharmaceutical compositions containing an inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipase, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of psyllium husk, its seeds and leaves thereof. Methods are provided for preventing and treating anal leakage of oil in a patient to whom a composition containing an inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipase is orally administered.
  • Claim 1: A pharmaceutical composition in oral dosage form for humans, said composition comprising an inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipase, said gastrointestinal lipase is present in an amount of from about 10 mg to about 500 mg, and a compound comprising psyllium husk, seeds or leaves thereof, said compound is present in an amount of from about 500 mg to about 20 g, wherein said composition contains 10 to 50 parts by weight of the compound per 1 part by weight of the inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipase.

• 6,235,796 Use of Fluorocarbons for the Prevention of Surgical Adhesions
  • Abstract: Method for the prevention and inhibition of adhesion between tissues comprising the use of fluorocarbons are disclosed. The method provides for the introduction of a fluorocarbon into the surgical site of a mammalian body, such as a human, to minimize friction and enhance the mobility of the surrounding tissues and organs. The fluorocarbons introduced may be in various forms including liquid and emulsions, and provides a coating, film or barrier thereby reducing the surface tension associated after surgery. The subject invention further discloses the use of perfluorodecalin as a preferred fluorocarbon compound used as the primary anti-adhesion agent.
  • Claim 1: A method for preventing or inhibiting the formation of adhesions in a surgical site comprising the step of locally administering to said surgical site on internal surfaces within said surgical site an effective adhesion preventing amount of an inert and non-toxic polycyclic fluorocarbon forming a lubricated barrier between said internal surfaces.

• 4,639,368 Chewing Gum Containing a Medicament and Taste Maskers
  • Abstract: A chewing gum composition adapted to supply a medicament to the oral cavity for local application thereto or for buccal absorption of said medicament which comprises a chewing gum base, an orally administrable medicament, a taste masking generator of carbon dioxide and optionally a taste bud desensitizing composition.
  • Claim 1: A chewing gum composition adapted to supply a medicament to the oral cavity comprising, a chewing gum base, an orally administrable medicament capable of being absorbed through the buccal cavity, said medicament consisting essentially of phenylpropanol amine, and a carbon dioxide generator.

• 4,530,936 Composition and Method for Inhibiting the Absorption of Nutritional Elements from the Upper Intestinal Tract
  • Abstract: A method of inhibiting the absorption of nutritional elements, principally food, from the gastrointesinal tract is disclosed which comprises ingesting perfluorodecalin in an amount sufficient to form a nutritional element-impermeable film thereof on at least a substantial part of the inner wall of the upper intestine and maintaining the film for a time long enough to inhibit the absorption from the gastrointestinal tract of a significant proportion of the ingested nutritional elements. An emulsion dosage form is preferred for carrying out this method, which emulsion contains perfluorodecalin, water, and a non-toxic emulsifier, preferably Pluronic F-68, and optionally flavoring and/or coloring agents.
  • Claim 1: The method of inhibiting or preventing the absorption of at least one nutritional elements selected from the group consisting of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals from the gastrointestinal tract which comprises ingesting perflorodecalin in an amount sufficient to form a nutritional element-impermeable film thereof on at least a substantial part of the inner wall of the upper intestine and maintaining said film for a time long enough to inhibit absorption of nutritional elements from the gastrointestinal tract.

Patent work

In 2002, he became a patent agent with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. As a licensed patent agent, he teaches courses on creativity and inventiveness on behalf of the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. He has helped scientists and inventors around the world (especially in developing countries) secure patents from the USPTO for their inventions.

Writings

Sarfaraz is a prolific writer, having written scores of books, articles, and essays on many subjects. While most of his books have been in the scientific and medical fields, others delve into philosophy. He has also made major contributions to elucidating Ghalib's poetry via his books. His essays may be divided into two general categories: general interest essays on social, contemporary, and philosophic issues; and scholarly articles on scientific and medical topics. Sarfaraz has over 300 essays published (most available at his website).

Books (partial list)

• Textbook of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics. New York: John-Wiley & Sons, 1979. ISBN 0-8385-8868-9
• The Omega Connection. Oak Brook, IL: Esquire Press, 1986. ISBN 0-9617841-0-5
• Wellness Guide. Lahore, Pakistan: Ferozsons Publishers, 2001. ISBN 978-969-0-01793-2
• Love Sonnets of Ghalib. New Delhi, India: Rupa & Co., 2002. ISBN 0-9714746-0-5
• Love Sonnets of Ghalib. Lahore, Pakistan: Ferozsons Publishers, 2002. ISBN 978-969-0-01793-4
• Filing Patents Online: A Professional Guide. New York: CRC Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8493-1624-3
• Handbook of Biogeneric Therapeutic Proteins: Regulatory, Manufacturing, Testing, and Patent Issues. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare, 2005. ISBN 0-8493-2991-4
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations: Sterile Products. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8493-1751-7
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical manufacturing Formulations: Compressed Solid Products. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8493-1746-0
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations: Uncompressed Solid Products. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8493-1747-9
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations: Liquid Products. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8493-1748-9
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations: Semisolid Products. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8493-1749-5
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations: Over the Counter Products. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8493-1750-9
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations: Compressed Solid Products. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4200-8116-9
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations: Uncompressed Solid Products. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4200-8118-3
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations: Liquid Products. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4200-8123-7
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations: Semisolid Products. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4200-8123-8
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations: Over the Counter Products. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4200-8128-2
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations: Sterile Products. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4200-8130-5
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations (Volumes 1-6). New York: Informa Healthcare, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4200-8106-0
• “Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling in Early Drug Development” in Charles G. Smith and James T. O'Donnell (eds.), The Process of New Drug Discovery and Development (2nd ed.). New York: CRC Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8493-2779-7
• Handbook of Preformulation: Drugs, Botanicals and Biological Pharmaceutical Products. New York: Informa, 2006. ISBN 0-8493-7193-7
• Handbook of Bioequivalence Testing. New York: Informa, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8493-0395-1
• Textbook of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Hyderabad, India: The Book Syndicate, 2010. ISBN 978-93-8107-504-3
• Wine of Passion. Lahore, Pakistan: Ferozsons Publishing, 2010. ISBN 978-0-9714746-1-1
• Wine of Love. New Delhi, India: Rupa & Co., 2011 (in press).
• Disposable Bioprocessing Systems. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011. ISBN 978-1-4398-6670-2
• Water of Life. Tehran, Iran: University of Tehran Press, 2012 (in preparation).
• There Is No Wisdom: Selected Love Poems of Bedil. Lahore, Pakistan: Ferozsons Private (Ltd.), 2013.
• Modern Bioprocess Engineering. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2014 (in preparation).
• Love Poems of Ghalib: English Translations of Urdu and Persian Poetry. Lahore, Pakistan: Ferozsons Private (Ltd.), 2014 (in preparation).
• Man and His Universe: Deconstructing Human Perception of Reality. (in preparation)

Scholarly articles (partial list)

1. Iqbal MP, Baig JA, Ali AA, Niazi SK, Mehboobali N, Hussain MA. The effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the disposition of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1998 Apr; 19(3):163-7.
2. Niazi SK, Alam SM, Ahmad SI. Partial-area method in bioequivalence assessment: naproxen. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1997 Mar; 18(2):103-16.
3. Niazi SK, Alam SM, Ahmad SI. Dose dependent pharmacokinetics of naproxen in man. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1996 May; 17(4):355-61.
4. Iqbal MP, Niazi SK, Mehboobali N, Zaidi AA. Disposition kinetics of aditoprim in two monkeys in comparison to other mammalian species. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1995 Nov; 16(8):713-8.
5. Iqbal N, Ahmad B, Janbaz KH, Gilani AU, Niazi SK. The effect of caffeine on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in man. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1995 Aug; 16(6):481-7.
6. Iqbal MP, Niazi SK, Ashfaq MK, Mahboobali N. Pharmacokinetics of aditoprim in normal and febrile sheep. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1995 May; 16(4):343-9. No abstract available.
7. Iqbal MP, Ashfaq MK, Niazi SK, Mahboobali M, Khawaja KN. Pharmacokinetics of aditoprim and trimethoprim in buffalo calves. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1994 Mar; 15(2):173-7.
8. Niazi SK, Hussain M. Disposition kinetics of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1992 Nov; 13(8):591-6.
9. Ahmad M, Niazi SK, Ahmad T, Muzaffar NA, Nawaz M. Effect of dehydration on the disposition kinetics of erythromycin in rabbits. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1992 Mar; 13(2):77-82.
10. Bhutta ZA, Niazi SK, Suria A. Chloramphenicol clearance in typhoid fever: implications for therapy. Indian J Pediatr. 1992 Mar-Apr; 59(2):213-9.
11. Iqbal MP, Mahboobali N, Niazi SK, Mahmood MA. Pharmacokinetics of aditoprim in goats using a radioassay. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1990 Aug-Sep; 11(6):533-41.
12. Prasad P, Niazi S, Jung D. Effect of acute water deprivation on renal function in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1988 May-Jun; 9(3):259-65.
13. Zafar NU, Niazi S, Jung D. Influence of water deprivation on the disposition of paracetamol. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1987 Feb; 39(2):144-7.
14. Prasad P, Jung D, Niazi S. Influence of short-term water deprivation on antipyrine disposition. J Pharm Sci. 1985 Mar; 74(3):338-9.
15. Prasad PP, Niazi S. Effect of water deprivation on antipyrine disposition kinetics in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1984 Apr-Jun; 5(2):195-8. No abstract available.
16. Gurwich EL, Raees SM, Skosey J, Niazi S. Unbound plasma salicylate concentration in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Br J Rheumatol. 1984 Feb; 23(1):66-73.
17. El-Rashidy R, Niazi S. A new metabolite of butylated hydroxyanisole in man. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1983 Oct-Dec; 4(4):389-96.
18. Bakar SK, Niazi S. Effect of water deprivation on aspirin disposition kinetics. J Pharm Sci. 1983 Sep; 72(9):1030-4.
19. Bakar SK, Niazi S. Simple reliable method for chronic cannulation of the jugular vein for pharmacokinetic studies in rats. J Pharm Sci. 1983 Sep; 72(9):1027-9.
20. Bakar SK, Niazi S. Stability of aspirin in different media. J Pharm Sci. 1983 Sep; 72(9):1024-6.
21. Bakar SK, Niazi S. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of aspirin and its metabolites in plasma and urine. J Pharm Sci. 1983 Sep; 72(9):1020-3.
22. Niazi S, Vishnupad KS, Veng-Pedersen P. Absorption and disposition characteristics of nitrofurantoin in dogs. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1983 Jul-Sep; 4(3):213-23.
23. Ahmad T, Parveen G, Niazi S. Effect of water deprivation on chloramphenicol disposition kinetics in humans. J Pharm Sci. 1982 Nov; 71(11):1309-10.
24. Niazi S, Lim J, Bederka JP. Effect of ascorbic acid on renal excretion of lead in the rat. J Pharm Sci. 1982 Oct; 71(10):1189-90.
25. El-Rashidy R, Niazi S. Comparative pharmacokinetics of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene in rabbits. J Pharm Sci. 1980 Dec; 69(12):1455-7.
26. Niazi S. Multicompartment pharmacokinetic analysis and simulations using a programmable calculator. Int J Biomed Comput. 1979 May; 10(3):245-55.
27. El-Rashidy R, Niazi S. GLC determination of butylated hydroxyanisole in human plasma and urine. J Pharm Sci. 1979 Jan; 68(1):103-4.
28. El-Rashidy R, Niazi S. Binding of butylated hydroxyanisole to human albumin using a Novel dynamic method. J Pharm Sci. 1978 Jul; 67(7):967-70.
29. Niazi S. Thermodynamics of mercaptopurine dehydration. J Pharm Sci. 1978 Apr; 67(4):488-91.
30. Bakar S, Niazi S. Simplified method to study stability of pharmaceutical systems. J Pharm Sci. 1978 Jan; 67(1):141.
31. Hussain M, Niazi S, Arambulo A, Long DM. Perfluorooctyl bromide: a potential antiobesity compound. J Pharm Sci. 1977 Jun; 66(6):907-8.
32. Huang ML, Niazi S. Polymorphic and dissolution properties of mercaptopurine. J Pharm Sci. 1977 Apr; 66(4):608-9.
33. Niazi S. Application of a programmable calculator in data fitting according to one and two compartment open models in clinical pharmacokinetics. Comput Programs Biomed. 1977 Mar; 7(1):41-4.
34. Niazi S, Chiou WL. Fluorocarbon aerosol propellants XI: Pharmacokinetics of dichlorodifluoromethane in dogs following single and multiple dosing. J Pharm Sci. 1977 Jan; 66(1):49-53.
35. Niazi S. Volume of distribution and tissue level errors in instantaneous intravenous input assumptions. J Pharm Sci. 1976 OCT; 65(10):1539-40.
36. Niazi S. Comparison of observed and predicted first-pass metabolism of nortriptyline in humans. J Pharm Sci. 1976 OCT; 65(10):1535-6.
37. Chiou WL, Niazi S. Pharmaceutical applications of solid dispersion systems: dissolution of griseofulvin-succinic acid eutectic mixture. J Pharm Sci. 1976 Aug; 65(8):1212-4.
38. Niazi S. Comparison of observed and predicted first-pass metabolism of imipramine in humans. J Pharm Sci. 1976 Jul; 65(7):1063-4.
39. Niazi S. Errors involved in instantaneous intravascular input assumptions. J Pharm Sci. 1976 May; 65(5):750-2.
40. Niazi S. Volume of distribution as a function of time. J Pharm Sci. 1976 Mar; 65(3):452-4.
41. Niazi S. Effect of polyethylene glycol 4000 on dissolution properties of sulfathiazole polymorphs. J Pharm Sci. 1976 Feb; 65(2):302-4.
42. Niazi S, Chiou WL. Fluorocarbon aerosol propellants X: pharmacokinetics of dichlorotetrafluoroethane in dogs. J Pharm Sci. 1976 Jan; 65(1):60-4.
43. Niazi S, Chiou WL. Fluorocarbon aerosol propellants. VI: Interspecies differences in solubilities in blood and plasma and their possible implications in toxicity studies. J Pharm Sci. 1975 Sep; 64(9):1538-41.
44. Niazi S, Chiou WL. Fluorocarbon aerosol propellants IV: pharmacokinetics of trichloromonofluoromethane following single and multiple dosing in dogs. J Pharm Sci. 1975 May; 64(5):763-9.
45. Niazi S, Chiou WL. Partition coefficients of fluorocarbon aerosol propellants in water, normal saline, cyclohexane, chloroform, human plasma, and human blood. J Pharm Sci. 1974 Apr; 63(4):532-5.
46. Chiou WL, Niazi S. A simple and ultra-sensitive head-space gas chromatographic method for the assay of fluorocarbon propellants in blood. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1973 Sep; 6(2):481-98.
47. Chiou WL, Niazi S. Differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction studies of griseofulvin-succinic acid solid dispersions. J Pharm Sci. 1973 Mar; 62(3):498-501.
48. Chiou WL, Niazi S. Phase diagram and dissolution-rate studies on sulfathiazole-urea solid dispersions. J Pharm Sci. 1971 Sep; 60(9):1333-338.

External links

• Pharmaceutical Scientist, Inc.
• Therapeutic Proteins International, LLC
• Dr. Sarfaraz K. Niazi (niazi.com)
• Love Sonnets of Ghalib