PAF (pickup)

P.A.F.
File:Pickup-HH.png
Manufacturer	Gibson Guitar Corporation
Period	1956—1975
Type	Passive Humbucker
Magnet type	1956-1960: Alnico 2, 3, 4, and 5 1961-1975: Alnico 5
Output specifications
Voltage (RMS), V	127 mV at 7.715 kHz
Impedance, kΩ	1956-1961: ~7.5-9.5[ 1961-1965: 7.25-7.75 1965-1975: 7.5
Sonic qualities
Resonant frequency, Hz	7.715 kHz

A P.A.F. or simply PAF is an early model of humbucker guitar pickup invented by Seth Lover in 1955. Gibson began use of the PAF in late 1956 and stopped in 1975. Though it is commonly mistaken to be the first humbucker pickup, the PAF was the first humbucker to gain widespread use and notoriety. The PAF is an essential tonal characteristic of the now-famous 1958-1960 Gibson Les Paul Standard guitars, and pickups of this type have gained a large following.

History

PAF pickup on a Les Paul Standard

Development

In the mid-1950s, Gibson looked to create a new guitar pickup different from existing popular single coil designs. Gibson had already developed the Charlie Christian pickup and P-90 in the 1930s and 40s; however, these designs—like competitor Fender's single-coil pickups—were fraught with inherent 60-cycle hum sound interference. Engineer and Gibson employee Seth Lover spent much of 1954 working on a noise-cancelling or "hum-bucking" guitar pickup design. By early 1955, the design was completed. In June 1955, Lover and Gibson filed a joint patent for the pickup design.

Early Use

Gibson began replacing P-90s with the new pickups first on the company's lap steel guitars in 1956, and then on electric guitars in 1957. Les Paul Goldtops and Customs were the first solid-body electric guitars to receive PAF humbuckers, and Gibson's ES Series were the first hollow/semi-hollow designs to receive the pickups.

File:MikeBloomfield.jpg

Mike Bloomfield playing a PAF-equipped 1959 Les Paul

In late 1957, a black sticker with gold lettering was applied to each pickup's underside that read, "PATENT APPLIED FOR." This name was shortened to PAF to create the nickname these pickups have been known by since. US patent 2896491  was eventually issued on July 28, 1959. The popular abbreviation "PAF" as used in guitar pickups is now a registered trademark of DiMarzio.

In 1958, the Goldtop model was dropped from production, and the sunburst Standard took its place. These guitars were all fitted with the PAF humbuckers, which contributed greatly to the instruments' sound.

Mid-1960s

In July 1961, Gibson standardized the PAF construction process with the introduction of the SG model. Automatic stops were installed in the winders, causing the output to center around 7.5kΩ. Early 1961 PAFs are almost exactly identical to the original 1957-1960 PAFs. By mid-to-late 1961, a new, smaller Alnico 5 magnet became standard. Around 1963, Gibson switched to polyurethane-coated wire from enamel-coated to cut costs, changing the lead wire color from purple to red. In addition, these pickups were also given a new sticker that had a patent number written on it. However, the stickers were labelled with "U.S. patent 2,737,842" until 1962, which is the number issued to the 1952 Les Paul trapeze tailpiece design and not the humbucking pickups. In 1966, Gibson began using automatic pickup winding machines, thus making humbucker pickups with a consistent number of turns and fixed DC resistance.

1967-1975

With the reintroduction of the Les Paul Standard in 1967, Gibson began putting a T-shaped toolmark on humbucker bobbins. This helped workers make sure that the bobbin was facing the correct way during assembly. During the production of this pickup many original specifications changed, such as the use of plastic spacer instead of a maple spacer and the use of thinner Alnico 5 magnets. These pickups are referred to as "T-tops." Gibson ended production of the PAF design in 1975.

PAF Reissues

3 PAF reissues on a Les Paul/SG Custom

In 1981, Gibson realized that there was a consumer demand for the sound of original PAF pickups. Engineer Tim Shaw designed a pickup that aimed to replicate the early design, reversing changes made in the 1960s and 1970s: A new bobbin without the "T," a correct small square hole back in both bobbins, enamel wire, and thicker Alnico magnets. Shaw's efforts, are considered by many to be the first of many recreations of the PAF humbucking pickup.

Gibson currently produces several reissues of PAFs including the "'57 Classic" and "Burstbucker." The Burstbucker is the closest replica Gibson makes.

Other notable companies, such as Seymour Duncan, DiMarzio, [[SKATTERBRANE}} and Bare Knuckle Pickups also produce aftermarket PAF recreations as well as different takes on the PAF sound.

Signature Sound

Early PAFs are often cited as the "best-sounding" vintage humbucker pickups by guitarists, and they tend to differ from each other significantly in terms of output level and tone. Factors that account for their sound are:

• Early Gibson pickup winding machines were manually operated and had no mechanism to automatically cut the wire after a set number of turns. Thus every pickup had a different number of windings and that led to variation in the output and tone. For the same reason, the two coils within each pickup unit usually also have a slightly different number of turns
• Gibson used Alnico magnets in PAFs, the same magnet as used in the P-90. Alnico has several different grades and different magnetic properties (grades 2, 3, 4 and 5 are usually used). Gibson assigned them quite randomly until the end of the era of early PAFs. The most common of these was Alnico 4
• Original pickups are now over forty years old and thus their tone may have changed significantly over time. This is due to the slow demagnetization of Alnico magnets and the warping of the plastic bobbins (which changes the placement of the wire)

External links

• US patent 2896491, Seth Lover, " ", issued 1959-07-28 — PAF pickup itself, hum cancellation;